Tourism imaginaires of Lapland: a content analysis of the views of domestic tourists

Looking at the growth numbers, the tourism industry in Finnish Lapland has been a success story. Until 2020, the annual growth rate of the industry in Finland was approximately 9 percent. Most of the growth has come from inbound tourism. However, the travel account is still negative as many Finns choose to travel abroad on their holidays instead of choosing a domestic holiday. In recent years, there has been a growing number of discussions around domestic tourism in the media. At the latest it was the pandemic which showed the importance of domestic tourism. Since then, there have been more studies on the state of domestic tourism. One key message in the surveys of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment is for instance, that domestic tourism needs to be developed. To know how domestic tourism should best be developed, it is important to know peoples’ current views. The object of this thesis is to bring to light the experiences and imaginaries of domestic tourists. In the focus are the tourism imaginaries regarding Lapland. The main research question of this qualitative study was What kinds of tourism imaginaries the Finns have about Lapland as a tourism destination. The question was divided into three sub-questions, taking a closer look at the imaginaries of place, people, and practices of Lapland. As research data, I have used the comment chains of four different online conversations. The conversations were analysed with content analysis. The results indicate that above all, Lapland is seen as a nature-based destination. People connect many uniquenesses of nature to Lapland and appreciate the possibilities for doing outdoor activities. The barriers to Lapland tourism discussed in this study include the expensiveness and accessibility, both to and within Lapland. The findings also indicate that there is a demand for new kinds of products and services that better take into consideration the needs and wants of the domestic tourists

Identificación y modelización de tendencias en emisiones contaminantes

El objetivo de este trabajo es el análisis de tendencias para emisiones contaminantes en España y número de horas o días en que los que se superan los umbrales de concentración permitidos por la ley (Directiva 1999/30/CE y Real Decreto 1073/2002 ) en España , Francia y Portugal. El análisis de tendencias es un área de gran relevancia en la actualidad y existen diferentes herramientas y enfoques para abordarlo. El tipo concreto de datos (reales o enteros) de que trate, además del conocimiento físico.químico del problema, será también relevante a la hora de optar por una u otra alternativa. En este trabajo se han utilizado dos herramientas: el análisis de tendencias estocásticas basado en series temporales para las emisiones contaminantes, y el basado en un modelo jerárquico bayesiano de procesos no homogéneos de Poisson unido a gráficos EWMA para las ocasiones (horas o días) en los que se superan los límites establecidos. Las especies químicas contaminantes que serán objeto de este análisis son: SO2 , NOx , PM10 , PAHs, dioxinas y VOCs y el periodo estudiado será el comprendido entre 1995 y 2008; las predicciones realizadas con ayuda de los modelos ajustados para cada tipo de datos llegarán al año 2020. Las bases de datos utilizadas para este trabajo son las siguientes: EMEP (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme), disponible en la página web www.emep.int, que ofrece gran cantidad de datos sobre emisiones y concentraciones en los países de la Convención de Transmisión a Larga Distancia de Contaminantes Atmosféricos; estaciones españolas; agregación que se ha realizado; comparativa con Francia y Portuga

Creación y comercialización de una marca de ropa

En este trabajo, se aborda el proceso de creación y comercialización de una marca de ropa en el entorno digital, enfocado desde el punto de vista más empresarial, realizando la creación de un modelo de negocio, la creación de una página web y la estrategia de marketing para promocionarla. Pretendiendo innovar en la manera de comunicar y además diferenciarse del resto gamificando el hecho de la compra de un producto de la marca, ya que en la estrategia de marketing se ha hecho un juego de compra y recompensa que hace que los clientes quieran comprar la prenda estrella para llevarse un premio. Debido a las diferentes áreas que el proyecto pretende abarcar y que este proyecto no se puede realizar individualmente en un periodo de tiempo corto, se ha optado por formar este trabajo en equipo con Joel Orta Alcalá, encargado del punto de vista más artístico y visual, se ha decidido que el alcance de este proyecto será la creación de algunas prendas, la simulación de la puesta en marcha de la página web y la creación de las redes sociales con contenido para interactuar con ellas dando a conocer la marca, y una vez acabada la entrega del proyecto poder seguir apostando por la idea creada

Capacidades técnicas, legales y de gestión para equipos blueteam y redteam

El presente informe técnico contiene una descripción de las acciones que se deben realizar frente a incidente de seguridad informática, estableciendo las fases para realizar una auditoría e identificar vulnerabilidades en los sistemas o en los equipos de la red. Se hará una descripción de algunas herramientas utilizadas por el equipo ReadTeam y BlueTeam con un escenario virtual con dos sistemas operativos Windows (victima) y un sistema operativo kali Linux (pentesting). Con el fin de que toda organización consolide la seguridad información, se nombran estrategias de ciberseguridad para mitigar y contener ataques informáticos y las acciones o protocolo a implementar.This technical report contains a description of the actions to be taken in the event of a computer security incident, establishing the phases to carry out an audit and identify vulnerabilities in the systems or network equipment. There will be a description of some tools used by the ReadTeam and BlueTeam team with a virtual scenario with two Windows operating systems (victim) and a Kali Linux operating system (pentesting). In order for every organization to consolidate information security, cybersecurity strategies are named to mitigate and contain computer attacks and the actions or protocol to be implemented

Seed germination characteristics of Phillyrea angustifolia L. and P. latifolia L. (Oleaceae), two Mediterranean shrub species having lignified endocarp

The aim of this study was to determine the germination characteristics of Phillyrea angustifolia L. and P. latifolia L. seeds in order to develop an optimized propagation protocol for Phillyrea species. Seeds of P. angustifolia and P. latifolia were collected from wild plants growing in Cáceres province (CW Spain) and Andalucía (S Spain), respectively. Percentage of water uptake for P. latifolia seeds was calculated. Seeds with and without endocarp were germinated at different constant and alternating temperatures. Seeds without endocarp were soaked in distilled water or gibberellic acid, and then set to germinate. Seeds with endocarp of both species were stratified at 5 ºC for 30 or 90 days and then the endocarp was completely removed from the seeds before they were sowed. Chemical scarification with sulfuric acid and mechanical scarification were tested on P. angustifolia seeds with endocarp. Phillyrea endocarp was permeable to water, since Phillyrea seeds with endocarp imbibed water, but water uptake was faster when the endocarp was removed. Moreover, the encodarp could interfere mechanically in the emergence of the radicle, since seed germination of Phillyrea species was promoted by the complete removal of the lignified endocarp surrounding each seed. Optimal germination temperature for both species was 15 ºC, and lower temperatures produced secondary dormancy. Soaking in distilled water or gibberellic acid did not significantly enhance seed germination. Cold stratification and chemical scarification treatments were detrimental for seed germination. Keywords cold stratification, Phillyrea species, treatments before sowing, seed germination, seed scarification, lignified endocarp

The Fetal Growth Restriction at Term Managed by Angiogenic Factors Versus Feto-Maternal Doppler (GRAFD) Trial to Avoid Adverse Perinatal Outcomes: Protocol for a Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Fetal smallness affects 10% of pregnancies. Small fetuses are at a higher risk of adverse outcomes. Their management using estimated fetal weight and feto-maternal Doppler has a high sensitivity for adverse outcomes; however, more than 60% of fetuses are electively delivered at 37 to 38 weeks. On the other hand, classification using angiogenic factors seems to have a lower false-positive rate. Here, we present a protocol for the Fetal Growth Restriction at Term Managed by Angiogenic Factors Versus Feto-Maternal Doppler (GRAFD) trial, which compares the use of angiogenic factors and Doppler to manage small fetuses at term. Objective: The primary objective is to demonstrate that classification based on angiogenic factors is not inferior to estimated fetal weight and Doppler at detecting fetuses at risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. Methods: This is a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial conducted in 20 hospitals across Spain. A total of 1030 singleton pregnancies with an estimated fetal weight ≤10th percentile at 36+0 to 37+6 weeks+days will be recruited and randomly allocated to either the control or the intervention group. In the control group, standard Doppler-based management will be used. In the intervention group, cases with a soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase to placental growth factor ratio ≥38 will be classified as having fetal growth restriction; otherwise, they will be classified as being small for gestational age. In both arms, the fetal growth restriction group will be delivered at ≥37 weeks and the small for gestational age group at ≥40 weeks. We will assess differences between the groups by calculating the relative risk, the absolute difference between incidences, and their 95% CIs. Results: Recruitment for this study started on September 28, 2020. The study results are expected to be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated at international conferences in early 2023. Conclusions: The angiogenic factor–based protocol may reduce the number of pregnancies classified as having fetal growth restriction without worsening perinatal outcomes. Moreover, reducing the number of unnecessary labor inductions would reduce costs and the risks derived from possible iatrogenic complications. Additionally, fewer inductions would lower the rate of early-term neonates, thus improving neonatal outcomes and potentially reducing long-term infant morbidities.post-print467 K

Optimizing seed conservation protocols and cryopreservation at the CRF-INIA genebank to reduce genetic erosion

The CRF-INIA is the Spanish National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources where a duplicate of all seed active collections belonging to the Spanish Network of the National PGR Program should be deposited. First samples date from 1980?s. Nowadays, the long term collection (base collection) comprises approximately 39,000 samples. The CRF-INIA genebank also maintains the largest active collection in Spain, with up to 22.000 accessions, meanly of cereals and grain legumes. At the CRF-INIA genebank the seed conservation protocol follows the FAO/IPGRI recommendations: seed desiccation at 13-15% RH and 20 °C, and storage at -4 or -18 °C, for the active and base collections, respectively. Seed viability monitoring is performed systematically through germination tests. For most species, the current conservation protocol shows good performance (Martín et al. 2014). However, in some plant groups there is an accumulation of samples with low longevity, for which sample regeneration is costly. For example, after 20 or 30 years of storage, some accessions of Brassica ssp., Lactuca sativa or Secale cereale, have shown low seed viability after storage. In some cases, samples with low germination rates might be not only due to low longevity but also to other reasons, such as problems with dormancy interfiering with the germination test performance and low initial quality of the samples. The general aim of this project is to find alternative storage protocols to reduce genetic erosion, present and future, of the conserved material at the CRF-INIA seedbank. Cryoconservation of seeds at different water contents are being tested in species with low seed longevity and of problematic regeneration (rye, onion and cabbage). Results would be compared to the conventional storage at -18 °C after medium/long term storage

How inventor royalty shares affect patenting and income in Portugal and Spain

Portuguese and Spanish universities have adopted well-defined royalty sharing schedules during the last fifteen years. We investigate whether these inventor royalty shares have been effective at stimulating inventors’ efforts and ultimately improving university outcomes. We base our empirical analysis on university-level data as well as on new self-collected surveys completed by inventors and Technology Transfer Offices (TTOs). Econometric evidence from the university-level data set indicates that royalty shares have no impact on patenting or licensing income. The same result emerges from the inventors’ survey, with most respondents claiming to be largely unaffected by royalty sharing. Evidence from both the TTO and inventors’ surveys suggests that inventors do not react to royalty sharing because of the poor commercial prospects of their inventions, which means there is little income to be shared. These poor prospects appear to reflect the fact that the TTOs do not focus sufficiently on commercializing inventions and inventors are unable to produce potentially licensable inventions

Conductivity test in seeds of different passion flower species

The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of the conductivity test as a means of predicting seed viability in seven Passiflora species: P. alata, P. cincinnata, P. edulis f. edulis, P. edulis f. flavicarpa, P. morifolia, P. mucronata, and P. nitida. Conductivity of non?desiccated (control), desiccated, and non?desiccated cryopreserved seeds was determined and related to their germination percentage. The obtained results suggest that the electrical conductivity test has potential as a germination predictor for P. edulis f. flavicarpa seed lots, but not for the other tested species. Index terms: Passiflora, seed cryopreservation, seed desiccation, seed viability