Synthesis and Reactions of Novel Oxindoles

An important issue with the assignment of E/Z alkene geometry of 3-acylidene-oxindoles was addressed. A novel UV/Visible spectroscopic assay was developed in order to achieve this, taking advantage of contrasting electronic properties for different E/Z isomer sets. Moreover, a novel acylidene oxindole was prepared and used to provide further supporting evidence for this spectroscopic assay. Finally, the stability of related E/Z isomers was investigated, and indicated facile isomerisation to a thermodynamic minimum. A copper promoted cyclisation of o-nitrophenyl iodoacetylenes to 2-iodoisatogens was discovered. These compounds were applicable as precursors to novel isatins and consequently 3-acylidene oxindoles. The metal free aryl and alkyl cross coupling reactions of 2-iodoisatogens was developed, providing a divergent synthetic strategy to the medicinally relevant isatogen molecular group. Furthermore, an unprecedented isatogen mode of reactivity was discovered affording pseudoindoxyls, a privileged class of molecule. The mechanism for this transformation was proposed, based on control reactions and strong literature precedent

Reprodução, Clinica Médica e Cirúrgica de Bovinos

Orientador: Jairo FrareOrientador: Fernando BrachtMonografia (graduação) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Curso de Graduação em Medicina Veterinári

Articulando as representações algébricas e a geométrica das equações quadráticas a partir da noção de registros de representações semióticas de Duval

Os propósitos dessa pesquisa consistiram em fazer uma averiguação, na tentativa de compreender as razões das dificuldades de estudantes da 3ª ano do ensino médio em articular os registros algébricos e o gráfico da equação quadrática. Vista de maneira fragmentada, a conversão entre esses dois registros tem sido tratada como sendo trivial pelo ensino, todavia vários estudos têm demonstrado que isso não corresponde à realidade, uma vez que os alunos não compreendem bem essa conversão, mesmo estando na fase final do ensino médio. Desse modo, desenvolvemos nossa pesquisa centrada na Teoria dos Registros de Representações Semióticas de Duval (2005). A investigação das dificuldades levou-nos a classificá-las em quatro tipos. Além disso, percebemos a necessidade de elaborar novas atividades e realizarmos um trabalho mais especifico e aprofundado sobre a articulação álgebra-geometria no ensino da matemática

ENSINO RELIGIOSO PLURAL NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA: UMA ÁREA DO CONHECIMENTO HUMANO EM CONSOLIDAÇÃO

O presente artigo problematiza o sentido democrático do ensino religioso e sua aplicabilidade na Educação Básica, tendo em vista as premissas de respeito à pluralidade e construção da cidadania. Interessa-nos os debates que sublinham a criação e consolidação desse campo de estudos como área do conhecimento humano no Brasil, após a Constituição de 1988. Metodologicamente, o ensaio teórico adotou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica e a análise documental. A ênfase recai nos aspectos da interpretação das legislações e implicações curriculares das propostas pedagógicas e dos processos formativos de profissionais. Nesse sentido, o estudo apresenta, em termos de resultados, abordagens conceituais do “estado da arte”, que convergem para a superação dos modelos com viés confessional ou interconfessional

The NIH-NIAID Filariasis Research Reagent Resource Center

Filarial worms cause a variety of tropical diseases in humans; however, they are difficult to study because they have complex life cycles that require arthropod intermediate hosts and mammalian definitive hosts. Research efforts in industrialized countries are further complicated by the fact that some filarial nematodes that cause disease in humans are restricted in host specificity to humans alone. This potentially makes the commitment to research difficult, expensive, and restrictive. Over 40 years ago, the United States National Institutes of Health–National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH-NIAID) established a resource from which investigators could obtain various filarial parasite species and life cycle stages without having to expend the effort and funds necessary to maintain the entire life cycles in their own laboratories. This centralized resource (The Filariasis Research Reagent Resource Center, or FR3) translated into cost savings to both NIH-NIAID and to principal investigators by freeing up personnel costs on grants and allowing investigators to divert more funds to targeted research goals. Many investigators, especially those new to the field of tropical medicine, are unaware of the scope of materials and support provided by the FR3. This review is intended to provide a short history of the contract, brief descriptions of the fiilarial species and molecular resources provided, and an estimate of the impact the resource has had on the research community, and describes some new additions and potential benefits the resource center might have for the ever-changing research interests of investigators

Studies on the stereochemical assignment of 3-acylidene 2-oxindoles

The designation of E/Z-geometrical isomers in 3-acylidene 2-oxindoles by NMR spectroscopy can lead to erroneous assignment of alkene stereochemistry because of the narrow chemical shift range observed over a large series of analogues. In contrast, UV-Vis spectroscopy offers a convenient and more reliable method for alkene stereochemical assignment. A combination of X-ray crystallography and theoretical studies shows that the observed differences in UV-Vis spectroscopic behaviour relate to the twisted conformation of the Z-isomers that provides reduced conjugation and weaker hypsochromic (blue-shifted) absorbances relative to those of the E-isomers