Autophagosomal Protein Dynamics and Influenza Virus Infection

Autophagy is a constitutive, catabolic process leading to the lysosomal degradation of cytosolic proteins and organelles. However, it is also induced under stress conditions, remodeling the eukaryotic cell by regulating energy, protein, and lipid homeostasis. It is likely that the autophagosomal/lysosomal pathway evolved primordially to recycle cell components, but further functionally developed as to become part of the immune system to defend against invading pathogens. Likewise, pathogenic, foreign agents developed strategies to fight back and even to employ the autophagy machinery to their own benefit. Hence, the regulation of autophagy has many implications on human health and disease. This review summarizes the molecular dynamics of autophagosome formation, maturation, and target selection. Membrane dynamics, as well as protein–protein and protein–membrane interactions are particularly addressed. In addition, it recapitulates current knowledge of the influences of influenza virus infection on the process

Composición corporal y mineral óseo en gimnastas femeninas pre- y peripuberales

La actividad física puede modificar la composición corporal y la mineralización ósea. Se compararon ambas variables en gimnastas femeninas de competición y controles apareados por edad y sexo que realizaban gimnasia recreativa (n = 12 en cada grupo; edades 9 a 14 años). La composición corporal se evaluó por métodos antropométricos y densitometría de rayos X (DXA). El contenido mineral y la densidad mineral óseas se midieron por DXA en cuerpo entero y columna lumbar. La ingesta de calcio se estimó por encuesta.Body composition and bone mineral in female pre- and peripuberal elite gymnasts. Intensive training may influence body composition and bone mineral. Highly trained female gymnasts were compared with age-matched girls exercising for leisure.Fil: Saraví, F.D.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias MédicasFil: Aquila Dumit, F. J.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Revision of Voluntary Protection Program re-evaluation process

This paper describes the Voluntary Protection Program, Palmetto Star, which is offered by South Carolina Occupational Safety and Health Administration. It is a voluntary program that provides recognition to qualified employers and emphasizes the importance of work site safety and health management systems in meeting the Act "to assure so far as possible every working man and woman in the state safe and healthful working conditions.

Equilibrando: Dançando com Conceitos como Pesquisa

Inside of the norming power of “balance” as a concept, lies the layering of balance as a moving-idea of ideal-movement. How “we” learn and incorporate the concept-practice of balancing gives shape to our lifeworld in political, historical, gymnastic and practical ways. Balance as a form of obfuscation or ideology that is at the core of how we live our lives in society. One aided in no small part by how we understand ourselves as bodyminds who balance. But opposing concept to practice misses the point: concepts are also practice as research, in both mundane and profound ways. Biology too is inhabited by metaphors in motion, a living responsive system that requires practice as research. Learning from the dance form Contact Improvisation, we can attend to ‘The Stand’, how we stand, and how standing can come to be experienced as repeatedly slightly falling off-balance and catching yourself. In asking people to do something attentively, they find themselves moved by the concepts or metaphors that inhabit them, and as they move differently, the metaphors can shift. Dancing with concepts is a type of empirical philosophy. We can become still in more ways, and I find more in the concept, the metaphors of stillness multiply. Through this living vocabulary, we can become a thinkers with our bodies. In practice as research, we discover not what a concept is, but what this concept can do, now, and then now again.En el interior mismo del poder normativo del concepto de ‘equilibrio’, reciden sus múltiples capas material-semióticas. Las cuales nos invitan a entenderlo como la idea transformadora de un tipo ideal de movimiento. La manera en que “nosotros” aprendemos e incorporamos el concepto-práctica del equilibrio da forma a nuestro mundo-vida en términos políticos, históricos, gimnásticos y prácticos. Así, entonces, comprendemos el equilibrio como una forma de ofuscación o ideología que está en el centro de la manera cómo vivimos nuestras vidas en sociedad. En gran parte, hemos colaborado con este aparato ideológico por la forma en que nos entendemos a nosotros mismos como cuerpos-mentes que se equilibran. Con todo, no es el punto oponer el concepto a la práctica: los conceptos también son la práctica-como-investigación, tanto de manera baladí como profunda. Por su parte, la biología también está habitada por metáforas en movimiento, un sistema viviente receptivo que requiere la perspectiva de la práctica-como-investigación. Aprendiendo con el Contact (danza contacto), podemos atender a la postura denominada ‘The Stand’ (quedarse de pie), y observar como nos mantenemos erguidos, y cómo esta posición puede llegar a experimentarse como un constante perder el equilibrio para volver a recobrarlo. En la presente investigación, al pedirle a las personas que hagan algo atentamente, se ha evidenciado como estas se ven movidas por los conceptos o metáforas que las habitan, y como al moverse de manera diferente, las metáforas pueden llegar a cambiar. Bailar con conceptos es un tipo de filosofía empírica. Así, encontramos más maneras de quedarnos quietos, descubriendo toda la gama de posibilidades implicadas en el concepto del equilibrio. Las metáforas de la quietud se multiplican, como también los detalles del concepto. A través de este vocabulario vivo, podemos convertirnos en pensadores con nuestros cuerpos. En la práctica-como-investigación, descubrimos no lo que es un concepto, sino lo que éste puede hacer, en este momento, y luego, en otro momento, una vez más.Dentro do próprio poder normativo do conceito de “equilíbrio”, eles recitam suas múltiplas camadas material-semióticas. O que nos convida a entendê-lo como a ideia transformadora de um tipo ideal de movimento. Como “nós” aprender e incorporar o conceito ea prática de equilíbrio molda os nossos termos políticos, históricos, ginástica e práticas mundiais de vida. Então, entendemos o equilíbrio como uma forma de ofuscação ou ideologia que está no centro de como vivemos nossas vidas na sociedade. Em grande parte, temos colaborado com esse aparato ideológico pela maneira como nos entendemos como corpo-mente que equilibra. No entanto, não é o ponto de opor-se ao conceito em prática: conceitos são também uma prática-as-a pesquisa, tanto maneira trivial e profundo. Enquanto isso, biologia também é habitada por metáforas em movimento um sistema vivo receptivo que exige a perspectiva da prática-como-pesquisa. Aprender com contato (contato dança), que pode servir para a posição chamada ‘The Stand’ (para ficar) e ver como podemos ficar de pé, e como esta posição pode vir a ser experimentado como um equilíbrio perdedor constante para recuperá-la novamente. No presente inquérito, pedir às pessoas para fazer algo com cuidado, tornou-se evidente como é que você se moveu pelos conceitos ou metáforas que os habitam são, e como se mover de forma diferente, metáforas pode mesmo mudar. Dançar com conceitos é um tipo de filosofia empírica. Assim, encontramos mais maneiras de ficar parado, descobrindo toda a gama de possibilidades envolvidas no conceito de equilíbrio. As metáforas da quietude se multiplicam, assim como os detalhes do conceito. Através deste vocabulário vivo, podemos nos tornar pensadores com nossos corpos. Na prática-como-pesquisa, descobrimos não o que um conceito, mas o que pode fazer, neste momento, e depois, mais uma vez

A national cross-sectional study on nurses' intent to leave and job satisfaction in Lebanon: implications for policy and practice

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Lebanon is perceived to be suffering from excessive nurse migration, low job satisfaction, poor retention and high turnover. Little is known about the magnitude of nurse migration and predictors of intent to leave. The objective of this study is to determine the extent of nurses' intent to leave and examine the impact of job satisfaction on intent to leave. Intent to leave was explored to differentiate between nurses who intend to leave their current hospital and those intending to leave the country.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A cross-sectional design was used to survey nurses currently practicing in Lebanese hospitals. A total of 1,793 nurses employed in 69 hospitals were surveyed. Questions included those relating to demographic characteristics, intent to leave, and the McCloskey Mueller Satisfaction Scale. Univariate descriptive statistics were conducted on sample's demographic characteristics including gender, age, marital status and educational level. Bivariate associations between intent to leave and demographic characteristics were tested using Pearson Chi-square. Differences in satisfaction scores between nurses with and without intent to leave were tested using t-test and ANOVA f-test. A multinomial logistic regression model was created to predict intent to leave the hospital and intent to leave the country.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>An alarming 67.5% reported intent to leave within the next 1 to 3 years, many of whom disclosed intent to leave the country (36.7%). Within nurses who reported an intent to leave the hospital but stay in Lebanon, 22.1% plan to move to a different health organization in Lebanon, 29.4% plan to leave the profession and 48.5% had other plans. Nurses reported being least satisfied with extrinsic rewards. A common predictor of intent to leave the hospital and the country was dissatisfaction with extrinsic rewards. Other predictors of intent to leave (country or hospital) included age, gender, marital status, degree type, and dissatisfaction with scheduling, interaction opportunities, and control and responsibility.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Study findings demonstrate linkages between job satisfaction, intent to leave, and migration in a country suffering from a nursing shortage. Findings can be used by health care managers and policy makers in managing job satisfaction, intent to leave and nurse migration.</p

Avaliação clinica e radiografica da carie dental em escolares de região de agua fluoretada e submetidos a aplicação de fluor e selantes

Orientador: Jaime Aparecido CuryDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar clinica e radiograficamente a evolução do processo de carie em escolares de 6 a 8 anos de Piracicaba, SP, que bebiam agua fluoretada e foram submetidos a aplicação de fluor e selantes ¿Observação: O resumo, na íntegra poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digitalAbstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinically and radiographically the evolution of the caries process in school children of 6 to 8 years old of Piracicaba, SP, who drank fluridated water and were submited to tipical fluoride and sealents ...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertationsMestradoRadiologiaMestre em Odontologi

A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Effects of Noncontact Normothermic Wound Therapy on Chronic Full-thickness Pressure Ulcers

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of noncontact normothermic wound therapy (NNWT) versus standard wound care on chronic full-thickness pressure ulcers. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled trial SETTING: Veterans administration medical center and 7 long-term-care facilities PATIENTS: 40 inpatients with 43 Stage III and IV pressure ulcers INTERVENTIONS: A sterile noncontact wound dressing was applied to 21 wounds for 24 hours per day, 7 days per week. Each day after the wound was irrigated and the noncontact dressing was changed, a heating element in the dressing was activated for 3 1-hour periods for 12 weeks or until wound closure. Twenty-two control wounds were treated with standard, moisture-retentive dressings 24 hours per day, 7 days per week for 12 weeks or until wound closure. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Measurement of wound surface area MAIN RESULTS: Healing rate for the NNWT group was significantly greater than for the control group (0.52 cm2 per week and 0.23 cm2 per week, respectively;PPP \u3c.05). CONCLUSION: Wounds treated with NNWT healed significantly faster than wounds in the control group. The healing rate was greatest for larger wounds treated with NNWT

Threading Granules in Freiburg : 2nd International Symposium on "One Mitochondrion, Many Diseases – Biological and Molecular Perspectives", a FRIAS Junior Researcher Conference, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany, March 9th/10th, 2016

Altered mitochondrial activities play an important role in many different human disorders, including cancer and neurodegeneration. At the Freiburg Institute of Advanced Studies (FRIAS) Junior Researcher Conference “One Mitochondrion, Many Diseases – Biological and Molecular Perspectives” (University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany), junior and experienced researches discussed common and distinct mechanisms of mitochondrial contributions to various human disorders

A comparative proteomics analysis of four contact allergens in THP-1 cells shows distinct alterations in key metabolic pathways

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is the predominant form of immunotoxicity in humans. The sensitizing potential of chemicals can be assessed in vitro. However, a better mechanistic understanding could improve the current OECD-validated test battery. The aim of this study was to get insights into toxicity mechanisms of four contact allergens, p-benzoquinone (BQ), 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), p-nitrobenzyl bromide (NBB) and NiSO4, by analyzing differential proteome alterations in THP-1 cells using two common proteomics workflows, stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) and label-free quantification (LFQ). Here, SILAC was found to deliver more robust results. Overall, the four allergens induced similar responses in THP-1 cells, which underwent profound metabolic reprogramming, including a striking upregulation of the TCA cycle accompanied by pronounced induction of the Nrf2 oxidative stress response pathway. The magnitude of induction varied between the allergens with DNCB and NBB being most potent. A considerable overlap between transcriptome-based signatures of the GARD assay and the proteins identified in our study was found. When comparing the results of this study to a previous proteomics study in human primary monocyte-derived dendritic cells, we found a rather low share in regulated proteins. However, on pathway level, the overlap was high, indicating that affected pathways rather than single proteins are more eligible to investigate proteomic changes induced by contact allergens. Overall, this study confirms the potential of proteomics to obtain a profound mechanistic understanding, which may help improving existing in vitro assays for skin sensitization

Probiotic bacteria and their cell walls induce Th1-Type immunity against Salmonella Typhimurium Challenge

Probiotics have been associated with a variety of health benefits. They can act as adjuvant to enhance specific immune response. Bacterial cell wall (CW) molecules are key structures that interact with host receptors promoting probiotic effects. The adjuvant capacity underlying this sub-cellular fraction purified from Lactobacillus casei CRL431 and L. paracasei CNCMI-1518 remains to be characterized. We interrogated the molecular and cellular events after oral feeding with probiotic-derived CW in addition to heat-inactivated Salmonella Typhimurium and their subsequent protective capacity against S. Typhimurium challenge. Intact probiotic bacteria were orally administered for comparison. We find that previous oral feeding with probiotics or their sub-cellular fraction reduce bacterial burden in spleen and liver after Salmonella challenge. Antibody responses after pathogen challenge were negligible, characterized by not major changes in the antibody-mediated phagocytic activity, and in the levels of total and Salmonellaspecific intestinal sIgA and serum IgG, respectively. Conversely, the beneficial effect of probiotic-derived CW after S. Typhimurium challenge were ascribed to a Th1-type cellmediated immunity which was characterized by augmentation of the delayed-type hypersensitivity response. The cell-mediated immunity associated with the oral feeding with probiotic-derived CW was accompanied with a Th1-cell polarizing cytokines, distinguished by increase IFN-g/IL-4 ratio. Similar results were observed with the intact probiotics. Our study identified molecular events associated with the oral administration of sub-cellular structures derived from probiotics and their adjuvant capacity to exert immune modulatory function.Fil: Lemme Dumit, José María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Cazorla, Silvia Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Perdigon, Gabriela del Valle. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Maldonado Galdeano, María Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; Argentin