Experimental Measurement of Dew Points for High Carbon Dioxide Natural Gas

1. ABSTRACT This project is all about the experimental measurement of dew points of natural gas which is high in carbon dioxide. Even though, there are several means to measure dew points, this project put its main focus on the PVT apparatus measurement which is the Fluid-Eval Vinci Standard Version. Carbon dioxide has a unique ability to reduce the dew point pressures and hence, measuring accurate and precise dew points for this kind of gas definitely going to be a challenging affair. Nevertheless, the main objectives of this particular project are to study and get a deep knowledge on the phase behavior for high carbon dioxide natural gas, to measure experimentally the dew points for high carbon dioxide natural gas using PVT equipment and also to predict the same dew points using commercial software. The final objective is to make a good comparison between the measurement and prediction results. The research methodology used in this project is firstly reading many articles and research papers to get good understanding on the fluid phase behavior. Secondly, measuring experimentally the dew points for high carbon dioxide natural gas and then predicts the dew points with the aid of commercial PVT software such as HYSYS, Multi Flash or CSMGem. Lastly, making comparison between the experimental measured dew points with the prediction to see how closely the deviations are related by calculating the average absolute deviation percent (AADP) and also percentage deviation (% DEV). Thus, by calculating the AADP value and % DEV value, we would be to minimize error in measuring in order to obtain much reliable and accurate dew points

"Talking point(s)": what Singaporean female politicians choose to say in parliament

"Der Beitrag untersucht die Auswirkungen der Unterrepräsentanz von Frauen in der Politik und setzt sie in Beziehung zu den Themen, über die im Parlament debattiert wird. Damit werden zwei Ziele verfolgt: Zum einen wird gefragt, ob die weiblichen Abgeordneten des aktuellen Parlaments in Singapur andere politische Interessen verfolgen als ihre Kollegen. Zum anderen wird ein breiterer Kontext mit Blick auf die Frage betrachtet, ob weibliche und männliche Abgeordnete ein unterschiedliches Rollenverständnis haben. Auf Basis einer Untersuchung der Themen, die männliche und weibliche Abgeordnete im Parlament aufwerfen und diskutieren, wird argumentiert, dass die Kohorte der weiblichen Abgeordneten innerhalb eines maskulinen Paradigmas operiert und sie deshalb dazu tendieren, ihre Stimme nicht ausschließlich dann zu erheben, wenn es um Themen geht, die traditionell als 'Frauenthemen' gelten. Vielmehr äußern sie sich zu einer ganzen Bandbreite von Themen. Indem sie sich nicht auf 'Frauenthemen' beschränken, wird deutlich, dass sie sich als gleichgestellt und fähig sehen, zu jedwedem Thema etwas zu sagen. Unter den weiblichen Abgeordneten in Singapur besteht ein implizites Verständnis darüber, dass sie aufgrund ihrer Fähigkeiten - eher als aufgrund ihres Geschlechts - ins Parlament gewählt wurden und der Gemeinschaft dienen, um den Zielen ihrer Parteien gerecht zu werden." (Autorenreferat)"This paper investigates the implications of women's underrepresentation in politics in relation to the kinds of issues they raise in Parliament. It has two objectives. First it raises the question of whether the current cohort of female MPs in Singapore has different political interests from their male colleagues, and second, it seeks to understand the larger concern of whether female MPs see their role in politics to be different from that of men's. Through an investigation of the kinds of issues female and male MPs have raised and discussed in Parliament, the paper argues that because the current cohort of female MPs operate within a paradigm that is masculine, they tend not to voice their opinion exclusively on issues thought to belong traditionally to the domain of women but rather on a range of issues. By not restricting themselves to discussing women's issues only, it is evident that these women have consciously chosen to demonstrate that they are equal to men and they are capable of handling any issue. Among Singaporean female MPs, there is an implicit understanding that they were voted in based on their capacity to contribute and serve the community to fulfil the goals of their respective parties rather than on their gender identity." (Autorenreferat

Deep learning models in Python for predicting hydrogen production: A comparative study

This study relates to predicting hydrogen production using deep learning models. The co-gasification of biomass and plastics dataset used gasification temperature, particle size of biomass rubber seed shell (RSS) and High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), and the amount of plastic in the mixture as the independent variables, and the amount of hydrogen produced as the dependent variable. It was found that during the co-gasification particle size is a controlling factor for hydrogen production due to the influence on surface reactions, while temperature had no significant effect. The neural network models were developed using Keras and two different architectures were compared with and without L1 and L2 regularizers. The values for L1 and L2 are determined using the gridserach: for the 1 archtecture, the ideal L1 value = 0.010; and the ideal L2 value = 0.000001 and for the 2nd architecture, The ideal L1 value is 0.100; and the ideal L2 value is 0.000010 using the lowest mean squared error values for the test sets. The mean cross-validation scores indicated that the second architecture performed better. The mean cross_val_score using the negative mean square error, for the 1st architecture, with l2 regularizers (0.000001) is determined as −20.05 (13.10) nMSE for Kfold, 10; and for the 2nd architecture l2 regularizers (0.000010) as −8.22 (7.77) nMSE for Kfold, 10, indicate the 2nd architecture performs better. The best model parameters for both architectures were determined using Grid Search CV. The best model hyperparameters using Grid Search is batch_size, 3; epochs,100; optimizer, rmsprop for the first architechure with negative mean square error, −20.95; and for the 2nd architecture, batch_size, 5; epochs,100; optimizer, adam with negative mean square error, −7.38, indicating the 2nd architecture to be a better model. The Keras Wrapper improved the performance of the model for the first architecture, but not for the second architecture. The permutation feature importance for architecture 1 (in descending order) is: size of RSS, size of HDPE, per cent plastics in mixture and temperature. For architecture 2, in descending order: size of HDPE, size of RSS, per cent plastics in mixture and temperature. Overall, the study demonstrates the potential of deep learning models for predicting hydrogen production

Experimental Measurement of Dew Points for High Carbon Dioxide Natural Gas

1. ABSTRACT This project is all about the experimental measurement of dew points of natural gas which is high in carbon dioxide. Even though, there are several means to measure dew points, this project put its main focus on the PVT apparatus measurement which is the Fluid-Eval Vinci Standard Version. Carbon dioxide has a unique ability to reduce the dew point pressures and hence, measuring accurate and precise dew points for this kind of gas definitely going to be a challenging affair. Nevertheless, the main objectives of this particular project are to study and get a deep knowledge on the phase behavior for high carbon dioxide natural gas, to measure experimentally the dew points for high carbon dioxide natural gas using PVT equipment and also to predict the same dew points using commercial software. The final objective is to make a good comparison between the measurement and prediction results. The research methodology used in this project is firstly reading many articles and research papers to get good understanding on the fluid phase behavior. Secondly, measuring experimentally the dew points for high carbon dioxide natural gas and then predicts the dew points with the aid of commercial PVT software such as HYSYS, Multi Flash or CSMGem. Lastly, making comparison between the experimental measured dew points with the prediction to see how closely the deviations are related by calculating the average absolute deviation percent (AADP) and also percentage deviation (% DEV). Thus, by calculating the AADP value and % DEV value, we would be to minimize error in measuring in order to obtain much reliable and accurate dew points

Monte Carlo simulations of ordering in ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic bilayers

Monte Carlo simulations have been used to study phase transitions on coupled anisotropic ferro/antiferromagnetic (FM/AFM) films of classical Heisenberg spins. We consider films of different thicknesses, with fully compensated exchange across the FM/AFM interface. We find indications of a phase transition on each film, occuring at different temperatures. It appears that both transition temperatures depend on the film thickness.Comment: Revtex, 4 pages, 4 figure

A novel exercise initiative to improve walking ability in people with multiple sclerosis having higher levels of disability.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an auto-immune mediated inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by loss of myelin and axonal integrity. MS often leads to an accrual of walking disability and worsening of fatigue. Exercise-dependent plasticity in the central nervous system, which involves upregulation of growth-promoting neurotrophins and suppression of inflammatory cytokines, may help restore lost ability to walk. Although aerobic training is an intervention that can potentially improve walking disability and reduce fatigue, these factors are also significant barriers to participating in exercise. Furthermore, because of thermal dysregulation, exercise-induced increases in body temperature leads to temporary worsening of symptoms in some MS patients. The purpose of my doctoral work was to develop and determine the feasibility of implementing a progressively intense aerobic treadmill training, in a room cooled to 16°C, for people with MS having walking disability, fatigue, and heat sensitivity. In the first study, I critically appraised and consolidated the research in animal models and clinical trials in order to determine the optimal training dosage and outcomes for a future exercise trial. The second study showed that people with MS-related disability consumed about three times more oxygen to complete relatively simple mobility activities such as rolling in bed, when compared to age and sex-matched healthy controls. The results of this study supported the importance of testing therapeutic aerobic training for this cohort of patients with barriers to exercise, such as fatigue. The third study outlined the effects of maximal aerobic exercise on neurotrophins and inflammatory cytokines among people with MS and controls. The final study established preliminary evidence for the feasibility of conducting progressively intense aerobic training on a bodyweight supported treadmill in a room cooled to 16°C. The benefits included significant improvements in walking speed, fatigue, aerobic fitness, and quality of life, while simultaneously altering serum levels of blood biomarkers of recovery such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor and interleukin-6, shifting the balance between repair and inflammation. Randomized controlled trials are needed to substantiate these preliminary findings, which in turn could lead to effective training options for people living with MS-related barriers to exercise participation

Correlation of quantitative and qualitative parameters of high-resolution computed tomography with pulmonary function test for diagnosing and assessing the severity of obstructive pulmonary disease

Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in the prediction of presence and severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), based on the pulmonary function test (PFT), to correlate the various quantitative and qualitative indices of COPD in HRCT with PFT values, and to derive at the threshold values for various quantitative HRCT indices of COPD. Material and methods: A one-year retrospective and prospective evaluation of the HRCTs of 90 cases and 38 controls was performed. Quantitative and qualitative parameters of COPD were assessed in HRCT and were correlated with PFT. Results: Among the qualitative parameters, significant correlation with spirometry was found with the qualitative scoring for emphysema and presence and inhomogeneous attenuation. Among the quantitative indices, anterior junction line length, thoracic cage ratio at both aortic arch and inferior pulmonary vein level, thoracic cross-sectional area/[height]² at the aortic arch were found to have good correlation with spirometry. There was significant strong correlation of anterior junction line length and tracheal index with residual volume/total lung capacity (RV/TLC). The threshold values of chest X-ray and HRCT quantitative parameters were calculated and were found to be lower than those of the western population. Conclusion: HRCT has a definite role in the diagnosis of COPD and can be used to predict the severity of emphysema