La metodología de la verosimilitud empírica

Se expone la metodología de la verosimilitud empírica y se compara con la verosimilitud paramétrica como resultado de una investigación para determinar intervalos de confianza para la media basados en la verosimilitud paramétrica y empírica. La verosimilitud empírica es un método no paramétrico de inferencia estadística, en el cual no se tiene que asumir que los datos que se analicen tengan que provenir de una familia de distribución conocida. Los métodos no paramétricos dan intervalos de confianza y pruebas de hipótesis con validez que no dependen sobre fuertes supuestos distribucionales. Este es un método alternativo en la enseñanza de la estadística, utilizando cálculos directos sin usar la distribución asintótica

Learning a Physical Activity Classifier for a Low-power Embedded Wrist-located Device

This article presents and evaluates a novel algorithm for learning a physical activity classifier for a low-power embedded wrist-located device. The overall system is designed for real-time execution and it is implemented in the commercial low-power System-on-Chips nRF51 and nRF52. Results were obtained using a database composed of 140 users containing more than 340 hours of labeled raw acceleration data. The final precision achieved for the most important classes, (Rest, Walk, and Run), was of 96%, 94%, and 99% and it generalizes to compound activities such as XC skiing or Housework. We conclude with a benchmarking of the system in terms of memory footprint and power consumption.Comment: Submitted to the 2018 IEEE International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatic

Convolutional-Recurrent Neural Networks on Low-Power Wearable Platforms for Cardiac Arrhythmia Detection

Low-power sensing technologies, such as wearables, have emerged in the healthcare domain since they enable continuous and non-invasive monitoring of physiological signals. In order to endow such devices with clinical value, classical signal processing has encountered numerous challenges. However, data-driven methods, such as machine learning, offer attractive accuracies at the expense of being resource and memory demanding. In this paper, we focus on the inference of neural networks running in microcontrollers and low-power processors which wearable sensors and devices are generally equipped with. In particular, we adapted an existing convolutional-recurrent neural network, designed to detect and classify cardiac arrhythmias from a single-lead electrocardiogram, to the low-power embedded System-on-Chip nRF52 from Nordic Semiconductor with an ARM's Cortex-M4 processing core. We show our implementation in fixed-point precision, using the CMSIS-NN libraries, yields a drop of $F_1$ score from 0.8 to 0.784, from the original implementation, with a memory footprint of 195.6KB, and a throughput of 33.98MOps/s.Comment: Accepted for presentation in the 2nd IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Circuits and Systems (AICAS2020

Labour Universities: Physical Education and the indoctrination of the working class

This paper explores the role of Physical Education in Labour Universities (1955-1978) during Franco's regime as an instrument of indoctrination and declassing of the working class. The conclusions obtained after the study and the analysis of various primary sources indicate that, initially, Physical Education was used as an instrument of indoctrination for the purposes of achieving the social and ideological model of Franco's regime after the Fascist uprising (1936-1939). However, this initial orientation became less relevant in the Sixties, in favour of the inherent aspects of sport, which contributed to the declassing of the young workers. In fact, Labour Universities became national benchmarks in the area of sports within the education system. Physical Education lost its indoctrinating and declassing roles after the General Law of Education was passed in 1970, and the focus shifted instead to its role as an activity for participation, education, and comprehensive trainin

Physical education and sport in vocational universities

Este estudio aborda las características de la Educación Física y el deporte en las Universidades Laborales. Para ello, desde una perspectiva histórica, se han analizado diversas fuentes primarias (documentales, gráficas y jurídicas). Las conclusiones obtenidas señalan que, inicialmente, la Educación Física y el deporte fueron entendidos como instrumentos adoctrinadores al servicio del modelo social que trataba de ser impuesto por el Régimen. Sin embargo, esta orientación inicial rápidamente fue perdiendo vigor en favor de aspectos propiamente deportivos, que eran consecuencia directa de la política iniciada por Elola Olaso a nivel nacional. De hecho, las Universidades Laborales llegaron a ser, en el ámbito de los centros educativos, referentes nacionales a nivel deportivoThis paper discusses the characteristics of Physical Education and sport in Vocational Universities. For this purpose, from a historical perspective, we have analyzed various primary sources (documentary, graphic and legal). The conclusions indicate that, initially, Physical Education and Sport were understood as indoctrinating instruments at the service of the social model that was imposed by the Regime. However, this initial orientation changed quickly in favour of sport aspects, which were a direct result of the national policy initiated by Elola Olaso. In fact, Vocational Universities became important national centers at sport leve

A combined measure for quantifying and qualifying the topology preservation of growing self-organizing maps

The Self-OrganizingMap (SOM) is a neural network model that performs an ordered projection of a high dimensional input space in a low-dimensional topological structure. The process in which such mapping is formed is defined by the SOM algorithm, which is a competitive, unsupervised and nonparametric method, since it does not make any assumption about the input data distribution. The feature maps provided by this algorithm have been successfully applied for vector quantization, clustering and high dimensional data visualization processes. However, the initialization of the network topology and the selection of the SOM training parameters are two difficult tasks caused by the unknown distribution of the input signals. A misconfiguration of these parameters can generate a feature map of low-quality, so it is necessary to have some measure of the degree of adaptation of the SOM network to the input data model. The topologypreservation is the most common concept used to implement this measure. Several qualitative and quantitative methods have been proposed for measuring the degree of SOM topologypreservation, particularly using Kohonen's model. In this work, two methods for measuring the topologypreservation of the Growing Cell Structures (GCSs) model are proposed: the topographic function and the topology preserving ma

Estrategias de investigación para determinar sistematicidad y generalidad de los grupos armados organizados al margen de la ley

La ley 975 de 2005, denominada ley de Justicia y Paz, adoptó procedimientos especiales con el objeto de propiciar y facilitar la reincorporación a la sociedad civil de los grupos armados al margen de la ley con miras a lograr la consecución de la paz, la verdad, la justicia y la reparación. Este proceso de desmovilización evidenció complejas estructuras de macro criminalidad, las cuales operaban en gran parte del territorio nacional, lo que llevó a que la Fiscalía General de la Nación, diseñara mecanismos especiales de investigación para poder determinar responsabilidades penales frente a la ley.Law 975 of 2005, known as the Justice and Peace law, adopted special procedures in order to encourage and facilitate the reintegration into civil society of armed groups outside the law with a view to achieving peace, truth, justice and reparation. This complex showed demobilization macro structures crime, which operated in much of the country, which led to the Attorney General's Office, to design special investigative mechanisms to determine criminal responsibility before the law