Education policy in a general equilibrium model with heterogeneous agents.

This paper studies the impact of public intervention on educationfinance and economic growth in general equilibrium. I use a 3period overlapping generations model where human capitalinvestment is risky and individuals are heterogeneous with respectto their learning abilities. I show that subsidization of privatespending on education leads to a higher economic growth than purepublic education in the short run if initial inequality issufficiently low and in the long run if the dispersion of learningabilities is sufficiently low. The determination of the politicalequilibrium shows that there can exist a conflict betweendemocracy and economic growth.democracy

On the Error Resilience of Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams

Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams (OBDDs) are a data structure that is used in an increasing number of fields of Computer Science (e.g., logic synthesis, program verification, data mining, bioinformatics, and data protection) for representing and manipulating discrete structures and Boolean functions. The purpose of this paper is to study the error resilience of OBDDs and to design a resilient version of this data structure, i.e., a self-repairing OBDD. In particular, we describe some strategies that make reduced ordered OBDDs resilient to errors in the indexes, that are associated to the input variables, or in the pointers (i.e., OBDD edges) of the nodes. These strategies exploit the inherent redundancy of the data structure, as well as the redundancy introduced by its efficient implementations. The solutions we propose allow the exact restoring of the original OBDD and are suitable to be applied to classical software packages for the manipulation of OBDDs currently in use. Another result of the paper is the definition of a new canonical OBDD model, called {\em Index-resilient Reduced OBDD}, which guarantees that a node with a faulty index has a reconstruction cost $O(k)$, where $k$ is the number of nodes with corrupted index

Trends in industrial control systems in ST Division and at CERN

Since the 1970s, industrial systems have been introduced in ST Division and have formed the basis for the overwhelming majority of the equipment for which it is responsible. The first systems were independent and not integrated into the accelerator control networks. This first generation included the Technical Control Room (TCR) site and networks monitoring system supplied by Télémécanique. In 1980, this system was replaced by the BBC and the Landis & Gyr systems for the cooling and ventilation equipment. In 1979, the Sprecher & Schuh system for the control of the electrical generator sets (with CERN's first PLC) was installed. Since the 1980s, these systems have been gradually integrated, initially using G64s as the interface with the PLCs, then, with the introduction of FactoryLink to handle H1 communications based on TCP/IP and, finally, with the Technical Data Server (TDS) and the TCP/IP communication replacing H1

Peningkatan prestasi belajar seni budaya melalui penerapan model pembelajaran problem based learning

The study was conducted in SMK Negeri 2 Singaraja in10 grade students of Hotel Accommodation that students' ability to cultural art material are fairly low. The purpose of the study for this class is to know what the Problem Based Learning, is able to increase achievement students' learning.  The data collected method is from achievement students' test. The analysis data method is descriptive both of qualitative and quantitative data. The result of the study is there has been changed of achievement for 10 grade students of Hotel Accommodation after the implementation of Problem Based Learning method.  It is evident from the result that achieve at first students' average is 68.07, next up in first Cycle increased to 75,26. From the first cycle of the second cycle average goes up to 84,32. The conclusions drawn from the study are the Problem Based Learning model able to increase student achievement in culture, art material in 10 grades of Accommodation Hotel in SMK Negeri 2 Singaraja in the second semester in year of lesson 2018/2019. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMK Negeri 2 Singaraja dengan subjek peneliaian adalah siswa Kelas X Akomodasi Perhotelan-1 yang kemampuan siswanya untuk mata pelajaran seni budaya cukup rendah. Objek penelitian adalah prestasi belajar seni budaya. Tujuan penelitian tindakan kelas ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar seni budaya. Instrumen pengumpulan datanya adalah tes prestasi belajar. Metode analisis datanya adalah deskriptif baik untuk data kualitatif maupun untuk data kuantitatif. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah terjadi perubahan prestasi belajar siswa kelas X Akomodasi Perhotelan-1 setelah penerapan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning. Ini terbukti dari hasil yang diperoleh pada awalnya prestasi belajar siswa rata-rata 68,07 selanjutnya pada siklus I meningkat menjadi 75,26. Dari Siklus I ke Siklus II rata-rata naik menjadi 84,32. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar seni budaya siswa Kelas X Akomodasi Perhotealan-1 SMK Negeri 2 Singaraja Semester Genap Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019

Design and analysis of innovative concentrated windings for SPM machines

The use of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) is becoming more popular [ 1 ] thanks to their compactness, high torque density and increased flux weakening performance [ 2 ]. Other advantages can be gained by equipping PMSM with concentrated winding in the stator. In fact, using concentrated winding can be beneficial regarding easy manufacturing and consequently lower production costs, modularity [ 3 ] and fault tolerance. More Fractional-Slot Concentrated Winding (FSCW) is an increasingly attractive option for the stator winding of synchronous permanent-magnet machines. Despite of the extensive studies conducted so far, there seem to be further interesting margins for expanding and improving such technology. A well-known drawback of their adoption is the occurrence of large magneto-motive force (MMF) harmonics, which produce eddycurrent losses in rotor permanent magnets. Moreover, it is commonly assumed in the existing literature that a symmetrical three-phase FSCW is feasible only on condition that the number of slots Z is an integer multiple of 3 times the maximum common divisor between Z and the number of pole pairs p. This thesis is intended to optimize the multi-layer winding design through a new general systematic methodology having the form of a multi-objective quadratic programming problem. The use of a multilayer design, with coils of different phases wound around the same tooth, is a possible countermeasure to mitigate problems as large magneto-motive force (MMF) harmonics, which produce eddy-current losses in rotor permanent magnets. In addition, this thesis explores the possibility to synthetize a symmetrical FSCWs having unconventional slot-pole combinations, i.e., with a number of slots and a number of poles that are commonly believed incompatible. It is shown that a multi-layer FSCW with (theoretically) arbitrary slot-pole combinations can be implemented and a methodology to synthetize it optimally is given. The performance of FSCW designs with conventional and unconventional pole-slot combinations is comparatively assessed. A study case is provided to illustrate the possible practical advantage of choosing an unconventional pole-slot combination.Fractional-Slot Concentrated Winding (FSCW) is an increasingly attractive option for the stator winding of synchronous permanent-magnet machines. Despite of the extensive studies conducted so far, there seem to be further interesting margins for expanding and improving such technology. A well-known drawback of their adoption is the occurrence of large magneto-motive force (MMF) harmonics, which produce eddycurrent losses in rotor permanent magnets. Moreover, it is commonly assumed in the existing literature that a symmetrical three-phase FSCW is feasible only on condition that the number of slots Z is an integer multiple of 3 times the maximum common divisor between Z and the number of pole pairs p. This thesis is intended to optimize the multi-layer winding design through a new general systematic methodology having the form of a multi-objective quadratic programming problem. The use of a multilayer design, with coils of different phases wound around the same tooth, is a possible countermeasure to mitigate problems as large magneto-motive force (MMF) harmonics, which produce eddy-current losses in rotor permanent magnets. In addition, this thesis explores the possibility to synthetize a symmetrical FSCWs having unconventional slot-pole combinations, i.e., with a number of slots and a number of poles that are commonly believed incompatible. It is shown that a multi-layer FSCW with (theoretically) arbitrary slot-pole combinations can be implemented and a methodology to synthetize it optimally is given. The performance of FSCW designs with conventional and unconventional pole-slot combinations is comparatively assessed. A study case is provided to illustrate the possible practical advantage of choosing an unconventional pole-slot combination

The role of market power in economic growth: an analysis of the differences between EU and US competition policy theory, practice and outcomes

The European Union has experienced weak economic performance over the past 15 years, compared to the United States. In order to restore investment, innovation, and therefore growth, the European Commission seeks to raise the level of static competition in all markets. The Commission’s economic policy is largely determined by its competition policy. This policy is derived from its doctrine on competition law, which regards the exercise of market power as a source of inefficiency and advocates that its effects should be banned. By contrast, the United States competition authorities, under the influence of the Chicago School, consider that market power is a necessary incentive to invest and a fair return on investment. Recent findings in economic growth theory, which state that increased competition intensity may harm endogenous innovation, provide a theoretical basis to support the United States approach and call for a review of European doctrine

The Occupy and Indignados movement and the importance of political context: differences between occasionals and regulars in Spain and the UK

[Abstract] In this work we look into the individuals’ reasons that led Occupy protesters to participate in this movement. We interviewed Occupy participants in the UK and Spain. We wanted to find out if the reasons that lead them to participate are the same in both countries. The context of the country where the demonstration was held was taken into account, as well as the differences there may be in the reasons for participation if we consider whether they are occasional or regular participants in collective protest actions. Using a two-by-two design defined by country of demonstration and the history of mobilisation (occasional vs. regular), our results show important differences in both factors. The study contributes to the literature, highlighting the importance of analysing the context where the demonstration takes place and which motives must be underlined in order to attract participants to protests

The Interactional Dimension of LOA: Within and Beyond the Classroom

Learners, teachers and peers constantly interact in classroom settings. Indeed, within the framework of learning-oriented assessment (LOA), the interactional dimension plays a critical role in bridging learning gaps (Purpura & Turner, 2014). For this reason, this dimension resounded throughout the talks at the 2014 Roundtable in Second Language Studies on Learning-Oriented Assessment. Although certain speakers discussed it as a component of classroom-based assessment (CBA), others proved that interaction applies not only to unplanned, oral exchanges in the classroom, but also to elicitations not involving the traditional agents of LOA. Technology can facilitate continued exchange beyond the classroom, and it can even provide a substitute for human interaction. Furthermore, as large-scale testing companies shift their focus to LOA, they recognize the importance of creating authentic scenarios which emulate real interactions. This paper surveys the different modes of interaction discussed by the speakers as facilitated in the classroom but also in these other interactional contexts

Safety alarms at CERN

In order to operate the CERN accelerators complex safely, the acquisition, transport and management of safety alarms is of crucial importance. The French regulatory authority [Direction de Sûreté des Installations Nucléaires de Base (INB)] defines them as Level 3 alarms; they represent as such a danger for the life and require an immediate intervention of the Fire Brigade. Safety alarms are generated by fire and flammable gas detection systems, electrical emergency stops, and other safety related systems. Level 3 alarms are transmitted for reliability reasons to their operation centre: the CERN Safety Control Room (SCR) using two different media: the hard-wired network and a computer based system. The hard-wired networks are connected to local panels summarizing in 34 security areas the overall CERN geography. The computer based system offers data management facilities such as alarm acquisition, distribution, archiving and information correlation. The Level 3 alarms system is in constant evolution in order to achieve better reliability and to integrate new safety turn-key systems provided by industry

Testability of Switching Lattices in the Cellular Fault Model

A switching lattice is a two-dimensional array of four-terminal switches implemented in its cells. Each switch is linked to the four neighbors and is connected with them when the switch is ON, or is disconnected when the switch is OFF. Recently, with the advent of a variety of emerging nanoscale technologies based on regular arrays of switches, lattices of multi-terminal switches, originally introduced by Akers in 1972, have found a renewed interest. In this paper, the testability under the Cellular Fault Model (CFM) of switching lattices is defined and analyzed. Moreover, some techniques for improving the testability of lattices are discussed and experimentally evaluated