Change in viral bronchiolitis management in hospitals in the UK after the publication of NICE guideline.

BACKGROUND: Viral bronchiolitis is one of the most common causes of hospitalisation in young infants. It has previously been shown that many United Kingdom (UK) hospital Trusts were not compliant with many aspects of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) bronchiolitis guideline prior to its publication. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate changes in the management of bronchiolitis by hospital Trusts between 2015 (before NICE guideline publication) and 2017, after publication. STUDY DESIGN: We prospectively surveyed paediatricians at UK hospital Trusts on the management of bronchiolitis before (March to May 2015) and after (January to May 2017) the NICE bronchiolitis guideline publication in June 2015, using an electronic, structured questionnaire. RESULTS: In 2015 111 Trusts were represented and in 2017 100 Trusts. Significant improvements were seen in the use of nebulised bronchodilators and hypertonic saline and provision of parental written guidance. However, full compliance with the guideline did not change with 18% of Trusts compliant before publication of the guideline in 2015 and 19% fully compliant with the guideline in 2017. CONCLUSIONS: Overall there were modest but important improvements in the reported management of bronchiolitis after the publication of the NICE guideline

«Donde las enzinas hablavan». Símbolo e ideología en la Galera Real de Lepanto

La nave capitana de la Santa Liga que venció a los turcos en Lepanto (1571) fue construida enBarcelona y decorada en Sevilla. Para inspirar al Capitán General, don Juan de Austria, Felipe IImandó decorar la galera con una alegoría de virtudes heroicas, mitología clásica y símbolosemblemáticos. Del programa ornamental, encomendado al Bergamasco, se hizo cargo finalmenteel humanista sevillano Juan de Mal Lara. Este trabajo se propone profundizar en las razonesque llevaron a Mal Lara a escoger sus símbolos, con objeto de definir el marco cultural eideológico que produjo la Descrición de la Galera Real.The flagship of the Holy League that defeated the Turks at Lepanto (1571) was built in Barcelonaand ornamented in Seville. To inspire the Captain General, John of Austria, Philip II ordered todecorate the Galley with an allegory of heroic virtues, classical mythology and emblematic symbols.The ornamental program, commended to il Bergamasco, fell into the hands of the Sevillianhumanist Juan de Mal Lara. This paper investigates the reasons that led Mal Lara to select hissymbols, in order to define the cultural and ideological frame that produced the Descrición dela Galera Real.La nave capitana de la Santa Liga que venció a los turcos en Lepanto (1571) fue construida enBarcelona y decorada en Sevilla. Para inspirar al Capitán General, don Juan de Austria, Felipe IImandó decorar la galera con una alegoría de virtudes heroicas, mitología clásica y símbolosemblemáticos. Del programa ornamental, encomendado al Bergamasco, se hizo cargo finalmenteel humanista sevillano Juan de Mal Lara. Este trabajo se propone profundizar en las razonesque llevaron a Mal Lara a escoger sus símbolos, con objeto de definir el marco cultural eideológico que produjo la Descrición de la Galera Real

A Compton telescope for remote location and identification of radioactive material

The spare detectors from NASA Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory COMPTEL instrument have been reconfigured to demonstrate the capability at ground level to remotely locate and identify sources of g radiation or the movement of material that might shield γ-ray sources. The Gamma-Ray Experimental Telescope Assembly (GRETA) employs two 28 cm diameter scintillation detectors separated by 81 cm: one 8.5 cm thick liquid scintillator detector and one 7.5 cm thick NaI(Tl) detector. The assembly electronics and real-time data acquisition system measures the energy deposits and time-of- flight for each coincident detection and compiles histograms of total energy and incident angle as computed using the kinematics of Compton scattering. The GRETA field of view is a cone with full angle approximately 120°. The sensitive energy range is 0.3 to 2.6 MeV. Energy resolution is ~10% FWHM. The angular resolution, ~19° in the simplified configuration tested, will improve to better than 5° with well-defined enhancements to the data acquisition hardware and data analysis routines. When operated in the mode that was used in space, the instrument is capable of measuring and imaging up to 30 MeV with an angular resolution of 1.5°. The response of the instrument was mapped in the laboratory with 14 Ci 22Na source 3 m from the instrument. Later, we conducted demonstrations under two measurement scenarios. In one, the remotely located instrument observed an increase of background radiation counts at 1.4 MeV when a large amount of lead was removed from a building and a corresponding decrease when the lead was replaced. In the other scenario, the location and isotope-identifying energy spectrum of a 500 μCi137Cs source 3-5 m from the instrument with two intervening walls was determined in less than one minute. We report details of the instrument design and these measurements

La formación, el desarrollo y la transformación radical en Europa de la Jurisdicción contencioso-administrativa

Resumen: El estudio analiza el origen y evolución de la justicia administrativa con especial incidencia en el papel desempeñado por el Consejo de Estado y en las transformaciones que se producen en Francia como consecuencia de un conjunto de Leyes dictadas en los últimos años del siglo XX finalmente ordenadas en un novedoso Código de la Justicia Administrativa y que afectan de manera sustancial a la tutela cautelar y al valor de las sentencias estimatorias de los recursos. Igualmente constata la generalización del control de la jurisdicción contencioso–administrativa en toda Europa.Abstract: The study analyses the origin and development of administrative justice, with special emphasis on the role played by the Council of State and on the changes that arise in France as a result of the laws passed at the end of the twentieth century to finally organize an innovative Code for Administrative Justice. This substantially affected precautionary protection and the value of the final rulings on appeals. Similarly, it states the generalisation of reinforced control on behalf of administrative contentious proceedings throughout Europe