Microbiological quality of Moroccan labeled Euphorbia resinifera honey

In the present work, microbiological profile of thirty-seven samples of labeled honey were collected in a Protected Geographical Indication “PGI” area of Tadla-Azilal region, which is an endemic zone of Euphorbia resinifera plant. A profile was assessed using conventional microbial methods, like enumeration, detection and/or germs identification, in accordance with ISO norms. This is the first study in which a honey with Moroccan “PGI” was tested, in order to assess its compliance with bacteriological recommendations. Coliforms (Total and fecal Coliforms), Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Sporus of Bacillus cereus and Clostridium perfringens were not detected. The numbers of Standard Plate Count “SPC” were less than 102 CFU.g-1 for all samples. The molds and yeasts were found among samples and 32% and 40% of samples were positive, respectively. However, no samples showed a higher value than recommended limit [102 CFU.g-1]. We conclude that samples of labeled euphorbia honey of Tadla-Azilal analyzed present good commercial quality parameters (SPC, molds and yeasts “absence of unwanted fermentations”), a good sanitary quality (absence of coliforms and S. aureus) and are safe (Slam., Shig., Sporus of B. cereus and C. perf.). Standardization (regulation and specifications) and a rationalization of beekeeping techniques throughout Euphorbia “PGI” area studied may further sustainably improve the quality of this unique honey, and ensure it over the years

Transformation Digitale de L’Administration Publique au Maroc : Revue de la littérature et état des lieux

La transformation digitale aura certes le même impact proéminent en termes d’apport technologique que ce soit dans le secteur public ou privé, mais se met en avant de façon différente dans les deux (02) secteurs. Dans le secteur public, aucune administration publique ne cherche à s’accaparer l’avantage compétitif par rapport à l’autre du fait du monopole détenu par l’état, cependant, les organisations étatiques cherchent à prodiguer un meilleur service aux citoyens/usagers en mettant l’accent sur leur efficacité pérenne advienne que pourra le coût engagé. Ce papier vise à établir une synthèse de la revue de la littérature et de dresser un état des lieux sur la problématique de la transformation digitale de l’administration publique au Maroc. Digital transformation will certainly have the same prominent impact in terms of technological contribution, whether in the public or private sector, but highlighted in different ways in both sectors. As regarding the public sector, no public administration seeks to capture the competitive advantage over others because of the monopoly held by the state. However, state organizations seek to provide a better service to citizens/users by focusing on their long-term efficiency whatever the cost incurred. This paper aims to establish a synthesis of the literature review and to draw up an inventory or status report on the problem of the digital transformation of public administration in Morocco

USING THE FACTORIAL CORRESPONDENCE ANALYSIS TO DETERMINE THE RISKS OF WATER RELATED DISEASES, HYGIENE AND GOOD PRACTICES WITH SURVEY DATA IN GHARB AREA, MOROCCO

Water related diseases, hygiene and good practices in Gharb area have been a major health problem especially in the rural areas. This investigation concerns the cities under such conditions in the region of: Kenitra, Sidi-Kacem and Sidi-Slimane. In this paper, we interpreted the case of water-related diseases in the region of the case study section diseases. Second step is to locate the main causes of the study in each city by the factorial correspondence analysis (FCA)using the SphinxV5 software. Kenitra city is characterized by the dominance of anemia followed by hepatitis and ascariasis. This is as a result of absence of good drinking tap water, going to the bathroom (always) during cooking, home not connected to the sewage network, poor toilet facilities and toilet papers thrown into the wastewater network. The city of Sidi-Kacem is characterized by candidacies, poor drinking tap water, people swimming in lakes, people eating fruits and vegetables without washing, finding the visual quality of the water (can leave deposits), people visiting the toilet during cooking, frequent changing of underwear (per week), people (rarely) wash their hands before cooking and solid waste near homes. Finally, the city of Sidi-Slimane is characterized by the trachoma which is accompanied by diarrhea and malnutrition; thus, this diseases is caused due to bad drinking water from "Saguia" village, people (rarely) washing their hands before cooking, home exposed to sewage and the use of septic tank type toile

Climate Change Impact in a Shallow Coastal Mediterranean Aquifer, at Saïdia, Morocco

A density dependent numerical flow model was applied to study the climate change impact in an unconfined shallow aquifer in the Mediterranean coast of Morocco. The stresses imposed to the model were derived from the IPCC emission scenarios and included recharge variations, rising sea level and advancing seashore. The simulations show that there will be a significant decline in the renewable freshwater resources and that salinity increases can be quite large but are limited to a restricted area

Evaluation of climate change effects in a coastal aquifer in Morocco using a density-dependent numerical model

A density-dependent numerical groundwater model was applied to study the climate change impact in a shallow aquifer in the Mediterranean coast of Morocco, the Saidia aquifer. The stresses imposed to the model were derived from the IPCC emission scenarios and included recharge variation and sea level rise. The main effect of the climate change in the Saidia aquifer will be a decrease in renewable resources, which in the worst-case scenario may decrease to 50–60% of present-day values, due to the decline in recharge and to a reduced inflow from the adjacent Triffa aquifer. The water quality will be affected mostly in the area immediately adjacent to the seashore, where salinity may increase up to 30 g/l. Localised areas may see a decrease in salinity due to the induced freshwater recharge from Oued Moulouya River and diminished inflow from high-salinity springs

Revisiter la notion de liquidité

The evident conceptual dissonance observed in the existing literature on liquidity necessitates a comprehensive examination of its foundational aspects. Despite numerous efforts by scholars and practitioners to establish a clear and universally applicable definition of liquidity, a consensus has yet to be achieved. This article presents a rigorous literature review, aimed at illuminating the multidimensionality of the liquidity concept and advancing our understanding of the cash function within the context of its increasingly prominent role in corporate operations. The primary objective is to propose a taxonomy that endeavors to disentangle and delineate the diverse forms of liquidity, thereby facilitating future theoretical and empirical analyses with enhanced precision. The findings of this scholarly investigation shed light on the elusive nature of liquidity, distinguishing it from other conceptions that may be present in the financial literature.   Keywords: Liquidity, Market Liquidity, Asset Liquidity, Treasury, Funding Liquidity JEL Classification: M40, M50. Paper type: Theoretical Research La dissonance conceptuelle évidente dans la littérature sur la liquidité exige que les fondements de la littérature existante soit analysée. En effet de nombreux académiciens et praticiens se sont attelés à apporter une définition claire et générale au concept de liquidité, mais aucun consensus n'a été atteint à ce jour. Cet article est une revue de littérature qui a pour vocation de mettre en relief la multidimensionnalité de la notion de liquidité, une meilleure compréhension de la fonction de trésorerie à travers le foisonnement de concepts théoriques émanant des académiciens qui se sont intéressés à la montée en puissance de la place que prend la trésorerie dans l’entreprise. L’objectif étant de proposer une taxonomie qui tente de clarifier et de distinguer les différentes formes de liquidité afin que les futures analyses théoriques et empiriques puissent être menées avec plus de précision. Le résultat de ce travail scientifique nous a permis de lever le voile sur le caractère glissant de la notion de liquidité, la distinguant ainsi des autres assimilations qu’elle peut avoir dans la littérature financière.   Mots clés : Liquidité, Liquidité du marché, Liquidité des actifs, Trésorerie, Liquidité de financement Classification JEL : M40, M50. Type de l’article : Article théoriqu