Il Business Model. Il modello Canvas applicato al caso Eataly

La tesi affronta l’argomento “modelli di business” studiando l’applicazione del modello Canvas al caso Eataly. L’intenzione è quella di analizzare la scommessa imprenditoriale di Eataly attraverso il concetto di innovazione tradizionale. L’azienda si propone di unire la logistica propria della grande distribuzione, con la tradizionalità delle piccole produzioni artigianali. In questo lavoro vado ad analizzare il modello di business di Eataly nei vari elementi che lo compongono in modo da definire quali sono gli elementi fondamentali della sua proposta di valore caratterizzata da un’interrelazione tra distribuzione, ristorazione e didattica e come mai sta raggiungendo ottimi risultati. Avendo utilizzato il modello Canvas come strumento di rappresentazione, si studiano: risorse chiave, attività chiave, relazioni chiave, relazioni con i clienti, segmenti di clienti, canali, costi, ricavi e la proposta di valore. Si osservano poi i risultati degli ultimi anni a livello di analisi reddituale e si confrontano con quelli dei concorrenti ai due estremi del settore, Esselunga S.p.A. a rappresentare la grande distribuzione generalista e Chiù s.r.l. a rappresentare la distribuzione specializzata. The thesis deals with the topic "business models" studying the application of the Canvas model to the case Eataly. The intention is to analyze the Eataly’s business bet through the concept of traditional innovation. The company aims to combine the logistics of large distribution, with the traditionality of the small handicrafts. In this paper we analyze the business model of Eataly in the various elements that make it up in order to define what are the key elements of its value proposition featuring an interrelation between distribution, catering and teaching and why is achieving excellent results . Having used the Canvas model as a tool of representation, it study: key resources, key activities, key relationships, customer relationships, customer segments, channels, costs, revenues and the value proposition. It then observe the results of the last years in terms of profitability analysis and compare with those of competitors at both ends of the field, Esselunga S.p.A to represent the largest generalist distribution and Chiu s.r.l. to represent the specialized distribution

USING A.R.P. PROXIMAL SURVEY TO MAP CALCIC HORIZON DEPTH IN VINEYARDS

The investigation of spatial variability of soil water retention capacity and depth is essential for a correct and economical planning of water supply of a vineyard. The advantage of measuring soil electrical properties by proximal sensors is the ability to operate with mobile and non-destructive tools, quicker than the traditional soil survey. A.R.P. (Automatic Resistivity Profiling) is a mobile soil electrical resistivity (ER) mapping system conceived by Geocarta (Paris, France), and it is comprised by a couple of transmitter sprocket-wheels, which inject current within the soil, and three couples of receiver sprocket-wheels, which measure the voltage-drop at three different depths, about 0-50, 0-100 and 0-170 cm. Ten vineyards of “Villa Albius” farm in Sicily region (southern Italy) were chosen to carry out the A.R.P. survey, for a overall surface of 45 hectares. The vineyards were located in a wide Plio-Pleistocene marine terrace, characterized by a few meters level of calcarenite, overlying partially cemented by calcium carbonate yellow sands. During the A.R.P. survey, 12 boreholes were described and sampled for the laboratory analysis and other 6 boreholes were carried out to validade the map. All soils showed a calcic horizon (Bk, BCk or Ck) with the upper limit at variable depths. The depth of calcic horizon (Dk) of each boreholes resulted significantly correlated to ER, especially with the ER0-100 (R2 = 0.83). Dk map was interpolated using the regression kriging and validated by the boreholes (R2 = 0.71) and with a NDVI map of the same vintage (R2 = 0.95)

What is cost-efficient phenotyping? Optimizing costs for different scenarios

Progress in remote sensing and robotic technologies decreases the hardware costs of phenotyping. Here, we first review cost-effective imaging devices and environmental sensors, and present a trade-off between investment and manpower costs. We then discuss the structure of costs in various real-world scenarios. Hand-held low-cost sensors are suitable for quick and infrequent plant diagnostic measurements. In experiments for genetic or agronomic analyses, (i) major costs arise from plant handling and manpower; (ii) the total costs per plant/microplot are similar in robotized platform or field experiments with drones, hand-held or robotized ground vehicles; (iii) the cost of vehicles carrying sensors represents only 5–26% of the total costs. These conclusions depend on the context, in particular for labor cost, the quantitative demand of phenotyping and the number of days available for phenotypic measurements due to climatic constraints. Data analysis represents 10–20% of total cost if pipelines have already been developed. A trade-off exists between the initial high cost of pipeline development and labor cost of manual operations. Overall, depending on the context and objsectives, “cost-effective” phenotyping may involve either low investment (“affordable phenotyping”), or initial high investments in sensors, vehicles and pipelines that result in higher quality and lower operational costs

PROJETO CECLLA IPEL: experiências de formação docente e ensino de línguas em contexto não presencial

O CECLLA – IPEL nasceu da necessidade de implementação do ensino mediado pelas inovações tecnológicas. As atividades implementadas no CECLLA IPEL já eram desenvolvidas no Programa CECLLA e foram adaptadas para atender à demanda do ensino não presencial. Entre as mudanças está a formação docente, a formação para o uso de tecnologias, o ensino de língua inglesa e o ensino de produção de texto em língua portuguesa, desenvolvidas por intermédio do Google Meet (aulas síncronas) e do Edmodo (salas de aula, organização de materiais, etc). Este trabalho discute os resultados do projeto, os desafios encontrados e seus alcances, tanto no que diz respeito ao ensino de línguas, quanto na formação docente e tecnológica de qualidade

Incorporating field wind data to improve crop evapotranspiration parameterization in heterogeneous regions

Accurate parameterization of reference evapotranspiration ( ET0) is necessary for optimizing irrigation scheduling and avoiding costs associated with over-irrigation (water expense, loss of water productivity, energy costs, and pollution) or with under-irrigation (crop stress and suboptimal yields or quality). ET0 is often estimated using the FAO-56 method with meteorological data gathered over a reference surface, usually short grass. However, the density of suitable ET0 stations is often low relative to the microclimatic variability of many arid and semi-arid regions, leading to a potentially inaccurate ET0 for irrigation scheduling. In this study, we investigated multiple ET0 products from six meteorological stations, a satellite ET0 product, and integration (merger) of two stations’ data in Southern California, USA. We evaluated ET0 against lysimetric ET observations from two lysimeter systems (weighing and volumetric) and two crops (wine grapes and Jerusalem artichoke) by calculating crop ET ( ETc) using crop coefficients for the lysimetric crops with the different ET0. ETc calculated with ET0 products that incorporated field-specific wind speed had closer agreement with lysimetric ET, with RMSE reduced by 36 and 45% for grape and Jerusalem artichoke, respectively, with on-field anemometer data compared to wind data from the nearest station. The results indicate the potential importance of on-site meteorological sensors for ET0 parameterization; particularly where microclimates are highly variable and/or irrigation water is expensive or scarce

Multielectrode geoelectrical tomography for the quantification of plant roots

The amount and spatial distribution of plant roots are crucial ecological features, and methods based on soil electrical resistivity (r) tomography (ERT) have been proposed for their non-destructive measurement. ERT allows to map root systems in conditions where the contrast of ρ between soil and roots is high, but the electrical behaviour of resistive or heterogeneous soils may interfere with root-borne effects and requires investigation. We studied the spatial distribution of ρ in different soil-root conditions to test the hypothesis that ERT would allow to detect the spatial distribution of plant roots even when low contrast between roots and background soil variation was expected. High-resolution 2-D and 3-D DC (Direct Current) soil resistivity tomograms were used to compare areas of high and low vegetation density in containers where bare soil (LM), was compared to a Medicago sativa L. (HM) stand, and in resistive soils where a stand of Arundo plinii Turra (HA) was compared with a bare soil (LA) and the area under the canopy of Olea europaea L. (HO) was compared with interrow areas (LO). Destructive measurements of root biomass per unit soil volume (RD), soil electrical conductivity (EC), stone content (S) and water content (q) were made in all treatments. Soil resistivity was significantly affected by vegetation density, with a resistive response in HM, HA and HO. The response was related to RD with significant univariate relationships and the spatial pattern of soil resistivity was dominated by roots and other resistive features like stones in all soils. This allows to conclude that ERT is able to detect plant-root effects even in the presence of a resistive background but resistive features interfere with the mesasurements and need to be taken into account. Abbreviations: ρ = in-situ soil electrical resistivity; EC = electrical conductivity of soil samples; θ = volumetric water content; RD = root biomass per unit soil volume; ERT = electrical resistivity tomography; 2-D = Two-dimensional; 3-D = three-dimensional; DC = Direct Current