Tamoxifen Pharmacokinetics Beyond the Genotyping Era

__Abstract__ Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in women in almost all countries worldwide and is the primary cause of cancer death among women. Approximately 1.7 million new cases of breast cancer an

Turismo de co-creación, valor añadido en escenarios turísticos

In the experience economy, suppliers are in search of new ways to distinguish themselves and to fight for the customer’s attention. Society’s system of social ruling is making way for communicative self steering. Dialogues between equal partners replace the traditional top down approach. Customers are therefore gaining more power and control. Product and company centric led innovations are now being taken over by the co-creation experience as a basis for value and as the future of innovation. Glimpses of the co-creation experience are observed in a variety of realms but tourism is not yet mentioned as one of them. This is remarkable as for many countries tourism is the number one income generator and for many in the developed world an essential part of their quality of life. Especially during free time people express their quest for ever more unique experiences reflecting their own personal stories. This article provides an innovative perspective on tourism in the experience economy based on the principle of co-creation. A tourism network approach facilitates the inclusion of anyone and anything eventually involved in the (co-) creation of tourism experiences with a central role for the human being. En la economía de la experiencia, todos aquellos que ofrecen servicios están en constante búsqueda de nuevas maneras de distinguirse y de captar la atención del cliente. Las reglas sociales de las sociedades actuales están dando paso a una autonomía comunicativa propia. El enfoque tradicional de arriba abajo, lo que se conoce por top down, está siendo sustituido por nuevos diálogos entre socios iguales. Los clientes, por lo tanto, están adquiriendo más poder y control. Las innovaciones basadas exclusivamente en el producto y en la compañía están siendo sustituidas por lo que se ha pasado a denominar la experiencia de co-creación, un nuevo enfoque que se presenta como un nuevo valor y como el futuro de la innovación.Se han empezado a observar algunos ejemplos de experiencia de co-creación en diferentes campos. Sin embargo, en el campo del turismo aún no se ha aplicado, algo bastante sorprendente, ya que para muchos países el turismo es la principal fuente de ingresos mientras que para muchos otros, sobre todo para los países desarrollados, desempeña un papel clave en la calidad de vida. Es durante el tiempo de ocio cuando la gente expresa esa necesidad de buscar experiencias cada vez más únicas que reflejen sus propias historias personales.El presente artículo ofrece una nueva e innovadora perspectiva sobre el turismo en la economía de la experiencia basada en el principio de co-creación. La perspectiva que concibe el turismo como una red facilita la inclusión de todo aquello relacionado con la co-creación de experiencias en turismo, dándole un papel primordial al ser humano. 

Компьютерная оценка формы графита в высокопрочном чугуне

Разработана методика индивидуальной и групповой оценки фактора формы графита в высокопрочном чугуне на основе некоммерческой программы ImageJ. Установлены графические и аналитические зависимости для перехода от значений фактора формы графита к соответствующим эталонным структурам, и наоборот, – от эталонных структур к фактору формы.Розроблена методика індивідуальної та групової оцінки фактора форми графіту у високоміцному чавуні на основі некомерційної програми ImageJ. Встановлено графічні та аналітичні залежності для переходу від значень фактора форми графіту до відповідних еталонних структур, і навпаки, – від еталонних структур до фактора форми.The technique of individual and group assessment form factor of graphite in ductile iron, based on a non-profit program ImageJ. Established graphic and analytic expressions for the transition from the values of the form factor of graphite to the corresponding reference structures and vice versa - from the reference structures to the form factor

Gastronomy and Wine in the Alentejo Portuguese Region: Motivation and Satisfaction of Turists from Évora

Food and winemaking are a recognized tangible and intangible culturalheritage of Portugal. From the relationshipbetween these twocomponents, astrategic product emerged with a considerable potential for tourism industry, which is notignored bymany of tourism organizations. This chapter intends to analyze food and winemaking from atourism demand perspective. Particularly, this study describes visitors’ profi le, including, their motivations, their knowledgeabout theenological and gastronomicresourcesand the degreeof satisfaction. A total of 308 questionnaires were collected between February and May of 2012, from the visitors that visited the historic center of Évora (Alentejo-Portugal). Results reveal a visitor profi le associated with regional cuisine and wine products from Portugal. Moreover, visitors’ evidenced a high level of knowledge regarding the Portuguese cuisine and regional wines; although this not matches with their primary motivation for visit the city of Évora

Augmentation of Endoxifen Exposure in Tamoxifen-Treated Women Following SSRI Switch

Background and Objective: The anti-oestrogen tamoxifen requires metabolic activation to endoxifen by cytochr

The Risk of QTc-Interval Prolongation in Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Tamoxifen in Combination with Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

Purpose: Antidepressants like the serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) are often used concomitantly with tamoxifen (e.g. for treatment of depression). This may lead to an additional prolongation of the QTc-interval, with an increased risk of cardiac side effects. Therefore we investigated whether there is a drug-drug interaction between tamoxifen and SRIs resulting in a prolonged QTc-interval. Methods: Electrocardiograms (ECGs) of 100 patients were collected at steady state tamoxifen treatment, with or without concomitant SRI co-medication. QTc-interval was manually measured and calculated using the Fridericia formula. Primary outcome was difference in QTc-interval between tamoxifen monotherapy and tamoxifen concomitantly with an SRI. Results: The mean QTc-interval was 12.4 ms longer when tamoxifen was given concomitantly with an SRI (95% CI:1.8–23.1 ms; P = 0.023). Prolongation of the QTc-interval was particularly pronounced for paroxetine (17.2 ms; 95%CI:1.4–33.0 ms; P = 0.04), escitalopram (12.5 ms; 95%CI:4.4–20.6 ms; P 500 ms. Conclusions: Concomitant use of tamoxifen and SRIs resulted in a significantly higher mean QTc-interval, which was especially the case for paroxetine, escitalopram and citalopram. When concomitant administration with an SRI is warranted venlafaxine is preferred

Forensic pregnancy diagnostics with placental mRNA markers

Current methods for pregnancy diagnostics are based on immunodetection of pregnancy-specific proteins and in a forensic context suffer from sensitivity and specificity issues. Here, we applied reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technology to 11 genes previously reported with placental mRNA circulating in maternal blood. We found two genes, hPL and βhCG, with pregnancy-specific expression in whole blood samples. RT-PCR detection of hPL was positive in all samples tested throughout the pregnancy, whereas βhCG was detectable until half of the second trimester but not at later gestation ages. For hPL, in vitro stability of the transcript was demonstrated until 2 months of age, and the hPL-specific RT-PCR assay applied was highly sensitive with reliable detection from down to 0.25 cm2 dried bloodstain. We therefore suggest hPL-specific RT-PCR as a new molecular tool for forensic pregnancy diagnostics from dried blood stains. Moreover, our results indicate that the time-wise reverse expression of hPL and βhCG during pregnancy may allow an RT-PCR-based estimation of the gestational age from blood stains, adding to the value of forensic pregnancy diagnosis for crime scene investigations