Breakdown of the Narrow Width Approximation for New Physics

The narrow width approximation is used in high energy physics to reduce the complexity of scattering calculations. It is a fortunate accident that it works so well for the Standard Model, but in general it will fail in the context of new physics. We find numerous examples of significant corrections when the calculation is performed fully off-shell including a finite width, notably from effects from the decay matrix elements. If not taken into account, attempts to reconstruct the Lagrangian of a new physics discovery from data would result in considerable inaccuracies and likely inconsistencies.Comment: 4 p., 3 figs, comments clarified, version to appear in PR

The Effects of inorganic complexes or ions on the mechanical properties of nafion

Nation is a perfluoro-sulfonate anionomer. Free-standing and solution cast membranes of Nation have been shown to preferentially incorporate large hydrophobic cations from either aqueous or nonaqueous solutions. The specific type of ion or ionic complex incorporated into the membrane determines the chemical and structural properties of both the - CF2- backbone region and the ether region of Nation. Nation has been used extensively to prepare biosensors and chemically modified electrodes for electrochemical analysis in both classical and chromatographic detection. The physical and chemical effects that an incorporated species could have on film modified electrodes needs to be characterized. The goal is to establish long term mechanical stability and signal reproducibility of Nation chemically modified electrodes. In this study, freestanding H+ Nation films were exposed to a series of alkali, alkali earth, and transition metal cations. The study also included a preliminary investigation of complex inorganic and organic cations and their effects on the viscoelastic behavior. Several experimental procedures for preparing the freestanding films were implemented in order to study the overall effects that the different cations could have on the Nation films. The first set of conditions guaranteed a high level of neutralization within the films with respect to the incorporation of ions. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis of the films then established the extent that the various counter-ions alter the mechanical properties of Nation. It was found that varying the temperature at which the films were dried after exposure to the aqueous and non-aqueous solutions controlled the amount of water retained in the membrane. Water content in the membrane also was dependent on the hydration characteristics of the counter-ion being incorporated. The dynamic thermal mechanical studies have shown Nation to have three distinct regions: a fluorocarbon region, an interfacial region and a region of ionic clusters. Charge density, size, and entropy effects were among the characteristics of the counter-ions that helped to establish which region they would be located after exposure. A second set of experimental conditions that resulted in the partial neutralization of the Nation films were also used. The dynamic thermal mechanical analyses indicate the creation of heterogeneous cluster regions within the ionomeric membrane

A Study Of The Health Interests Of Grades Four, Five, And Six At The North Seventh Street Elementary School, Waco, Texas

Health Is optimum physical, mental, and emotional well-being. Thus defined, health becomes essential for the development of persons who are to contribute to the growth of wholesome individual and community living. In the attainment of this state of well-being, it is important that a health program help children to develop desirable health attitudes, habits, skills, and interests. A consideration of children\u27s health interests, needs, and developmental characteristics provides clues to pupil concerns in health. Desirable health behavior may be developed by children as they are helped to resolve these concerns. Most teachers will readily agree that there are few phases of the curriculum more important to the individual than that of health. Schools have long insisted that every teacher should include some phases or units in health instruction in their teaching. Experts have identified health needs of children at various stages of development and directed teaching to meet those needs has been introduced into the curriculum. As yet, method and content have generally been so divorced from the interests and concerns of children that few young people can be found who do not frown when it is suggested that they study health . In addition, a careful examination of the health programs already in use in many schools indicates a lack of articulation, not only between elementary and Junior high school and between junior and senior high school but also among various grade levels within these divisions. Programs are often uncoordinated and varying in emphasis, with some of the most meaningful and important learnings often left to chance. Needs have a definite effect upon the quality and quantity of learning experiences; whether they arise from the psychological hungers of belonging, achievement, or affection, or from the pressures of society for group safety, for sanitation, or for cooperation with other measures of community health, they are capable of building tensions in individuals. So strong may these tensions become that the process of their release and satisfaction sets up optimum conditions for learning

Library abstraction for C/C++ concurrency

When constructing complex concurrent systems, abstraction is vital: programmers should be able to reason about concurrent libraries in terms of abstract specifications that hide the implementation details. Relaxed memory models present substantial challenges in this respect, as libraries need not provide sequentially consistent abstractions: to avoid unnecessary synchronisation, they may allow clients to observe relaxed memory effects, and library specifications must capture these. In this paper, we propose a criterion for sound library abstraction in the new C11 and C++11 concurrency model, generalising the standard sequentially consistent notion of linearizability. We prove that our criterion soundly captures all client-library interactions, both through call and return values, and through the subtle synchronisation effects arising from the memory model. To illustrate our approach, we verify implementations against specifications for the lock-free Treiber stack and a producer-consumer queue. Ours is the first approach to compositional reasoning for concurrent C11/C++11 programs. 1

Cyclic abduction of inductively defined safety and termination preconditions

We introduce cyclic abduction: a new method for automatically inferring safety and termination preconditions of heap manipulating while programs, expressed as inductive definitions in separation logic. Cyclic abduction essentially works by searching for a cyclic proof of the desired property, abducing definitional clauses of the precondition as necessary in order to advance the proof search process. We provide an implementation, Caber, of our cyclic abduction method, based on a suite of heuristically guided tactics. It is often able to automatically infer preconditions describing lists, trees, cyclic and composite structures which, in other tools, previously had to be supplied by hand

Automatic parallelization with separation logic

Separation logic is a recent approach to the analysis of pointer programs in which resource separation is expressed with a logical connective in assertions that describe the state at any given point in the program. We extend this approach to express properties of memory separation between different points in the program, and present an algorithm for determining independences between program statements which can be used for parallelization

Linear and Affine Typing of Continuation-Passing Style

Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Queen Mary, University of Londo

Automated verification of shape and size properties via separation logic.

Despite their popularity and importance, pointer-based programs remain a major challenge for program verification. In this paper, we propose an automated verification system that is concise, precise and expressive for ensuring the safety of pointer-based programs. Our approach uses user-definable shape predicates to allow programmers to describe a wide range of data structures with their associated size properties. To support automatic verification, we design a new entailment checking procedure that can handle well-founded inductive predicates using unfold/fold reasoning. We have proven the soundness and termination of our verification system, and have built a prototype system

Measuring the efficacy and quality of a professional development training on prejudice reduction and reflective practice: transforming the delivery of change through collective insight and informed action

The overall objective of school improvement planning is an enhanced level of student achievement through an enhanced leadership framework and successfully implemented program. The improvement plan process requires focus on specific priorities to effect real change. The purpose of this action research study was to provide professional training as part of a continuum change initiative. The study analyzed the salient factors or areas of critical concern, impacting prejudice and controversial issues settings. These variables included levels of leadership, and significance of the following: diversity of identity and experiences, stereotyping, internalized oppression, building pride and capacity, becoming allies, making commitments to change, as well as appreciation of differences in others. This information obtained by the researcher provided baseline data, which laid the groundwork to develop a school improvement plan. This study explored the observed impact of the professional development training on agency employees and disposition toward sustained change in prejudice reduction in their applied practice over a period time. Additionally, the action research methodology procedures used for contextualizing and analyzing the efficacy and impact of prejudice reduction in urban education were described. The study\u27s structured conceptual (Brown, 2009; Clark, 2004) and theoretical frameworks (McKown, 2005; Kotter,1996) reflected a detailed, yet objective analysis on the social justice issue of prejudice reduction that impacts the school environment, especially impacting the agency\u27s early education program administration and its childhood professionals\u27 psychosocial self awareness. Data supported the implication that the eight week diversity leadership training and workshop module activities had a positive impact on the sample group. The participants, who responded and shared their stories, affirmed that the professional training received was important to them both personally and professionally

Incorporating Cooperative Learning Teams and Whole Language in the First Grade

The first purpose of this project was to review current literature regarding whole language and cooperative learning. The second purpose of this project was the development of whole language, cooperative learning strategies and accompanying application lessons for use at the first grade level. Ten cooperative learning strategies and application lessons were developed utilizing a whole language approach. The lessons were centered around children\u27s literature and focused on reading, writing, listening, and speaking activities that were whole, purposeful, and meaningful