A Motherly Society: Scandinavian Feminism and a Culture of Sexual Equality in the Works of Ellen Key, Elin Wägner, and Alva Myrdal

As a key polemic figure in the late 1800s and early 1900s, Ellen Key (1849-1926) established the concept of "collective motherliness" ("samhällsmoderlighet") and extended the meaning of motherhood from a biological category defined by the birthing of a child to a female societal force, thus bringing forth (or giving birth to) a new and better society.1 A few decades later, Swedish author and activist Elin Wägner (1882-1949) developed a theory of matriarchy in her pivotal work Alarm Clock (1941), and that same year, Swedish sociologist and politician Alva Myrdal (1902-1986) proposed government policies that would promote the welfare of mothers and their children in her book Nation and Family: The Swedish Experiment in Democratic Family and Population Policy (1941). These three Swedish feminists—Ellen Key, Elin Wägner, and Alva Myrdal— influenced the cultural landscape of Sweden in the late-nineteenth and early-tomid- twentieth century, and helped create a foundation for the Swedish welfare state. My aim is to show how their works contributed to the Scandinavian culture of sexual equality and respect for motherhood (and by extension parenthood). I also aim to elucidate the lasting relevance of their work. This article is part of my ongoing book project on Scandinavian feminism. It is, therefore, open to constant revision, rethinking, and rediscovery of the impact of Key, Wägner, and Myrdal

Ignatian Pedagogy for Sustainability to Support Community-based Projects: Client-focused Sustainable Energy Solutions

Seeing the words of Laudato Si’ as a call to action, we are engaging students in Ignatian Pedagogy for Sustainability through a series of community-based projects with the goal of client-focused sustainable energy solutions and associated dialogue. We outline the development of a purpose-created Energy Technology undergraduate program housed in the College of Arts and Sciences at Creighton University, born from Ignatian Sensibilities, and highlight the role of client engagement to engross students in a client-focused design process to deliver sustainable energy initiatives that become practically feasible with student leadership. For the senior capstone of this program, students engage in a year-long Energy Innovation course that brings together students with assorted clients, various stakeholders and diverse sustainable energy-related projects. We argue that such tangible experiences are a prerequisite to understanding motivating factors for clients to make sustainable energy decisions. Concurrently, while considering the Ignatian Pedagogical paradigm for Sustainability, students clearly understand the practical barriers to implementing actual sustainable energy solutions as all invested parties work towards contentment with the delivered solutions

The effects of inbreeding on the social behavior of chickens

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1963 B37Master of Scienc

Electrophilic and Cycloaddition Reactions of 5-methylene-2-norbornene

The 5-aethylene-2-norbornene system, which contains two double bonds of unequal energies, appears to be a unique tool which can be used in distinguishing the two types of electrophilic and the two types of cycloaddition reactions. Previous experimental evidence as well as the data presented here show that electrophiles which form bridged, three-membered intermediates in their addition to olefins all attack at the higher energy endocyclic double bond. Electrophiles which are not known to form bridged intermediates attack at the exocyclic double bond. In such cases the energy of the endocyclic homoallylic, non-classical carbonium ion formed may be the most significant factor. Cycloaddition reactions can be distinguished in the same manner as the electrophilic additions. Concerted cycloaddition reactions attack at the endo double bond and two-step or highly asymmetrical cycloadditions react at the exo double bond. A brief discussion is also presented on the possible equilibriums and rearrangements which could accompany these reactions

Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation modulates evoked-gamma power, event-related potentials, and behavior in autism spectrum disorders.

Evidence suggests that cortical minicolumns are reduced in size and increased in number in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), especially in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). More specifically minicolumns in individuals with ASD are narrower and contain less peripheral, neuropil space; this may cause an increase in the ratio of cortical excitation to inhibition and adversely affect the functional distinctiveness of minicolumnar activation. A lack of cortical inhibition may cause signal/sensory amplification which can impair functioning, raise physiological stress, and adversely affect social interaction in patients with ASD. Additionally, the DLPFC forms a circuit interconnected with many areas of cortex (e.g., anterior cingulate, orbitofrontal) and is involved in selecting a possible range of responses while suppressing inappropriate ones. Low-frequency (:\u27SlHz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been shown to increase inhibition of stimulated cortex by the activation of inhibitory circuits. The baseline hypothesis was that individuals with ASD would show electroencephalopgrahic (EEG) and event-related potential (ERP) evidence of amplified cortical activity at early and late stages of visual processing as well as impaired indices of selective attention. The second hypothesis was that low-frequency rTMS would reduce augmented cortical responses at early stage and late stages of visual processing and improve selective attention and behavior in ASD. The baseline findings indicate both ERP and evoked gamma activity are amplified and indiscriminative in ASD at early stages of visual processing which may reflect decreased \u27signal to noise\u27 due to decreased cortical inhibitory processing. Additionally, individuals with ASD showed evidence of compromised selective attention, and had a significantly higher rate of motor response errors. After low-frequency rTMS individuals with ASD showed significant reductions in augmented ERP responses at very early stages of visual processing and showed significant improvement in discriminatory EEG gamma activity. There was also evidence of improved ERP indices of selective attention and significant reductions in irritability and repetitive behavior. TMS has the potential to become an important therapeutic tool in ASD treatment and has shown significant benefits in treating core symptoms of ASD with few, if any side effects

CGMS Version 9.2 - User Manual and Technical Documentation

Detailed information on the installation and use of the new CGMS version 9.2JRC.G.3-Monitoring agricultural resource

ADAPTATION OF WOFOST MODEL FROM CGMS TO ROMANIAN CONDITIONS

This preliminary study is an inventory of the main resources and difficulties in adaptation of the Crop Growth Monitoring System (CGMS) used by Agri4cast unit of IPSC from Joint Research Centre (JRC) - Ispra of European Commission to conditions of Romania.In contrast with the original model calibrated mainly with statistical average yields at national level, for local calibration of the model the statistical yields at lower administrative units (macroregion or county) must be used. In addition, for winter crops, the start of simulation in the new system will be in the autumn of the previous year. The start of simulation (and emergence day) in the genuine system is 1st of January of the current year and the existing calibration was meant to provide a compensation system for this technical physiological delay.Proposed approach provides a better initialisation of the water balance (emergence occurs after start of simulation), as well as a better account for impact of wintering conditions, but obviously a new calibration for all cultivar dependent parameters is necessary. For the preoperational run, the localized model will use the weather data available till the last day available and the missing data from the rest of the year will be replaced either by the daily values of the long term averages or by the values from a year considered similar with the current one.Proposed adaptations permit a better use of information available on local scale and the localized model may be the core of a regional system for crop monitoring and in the same degree as the original system it can be used as tool for specific researches, such as studying the impact of climate changes

Magnetic remanent states in antiferromagnetically coupled multilayers

In antiferromagnetically coupled multilayers with perpendicular anisotropy unusual multidomain textures can be stabilized due to a close competition between long-range demagnetization fields and short-range interlayer exchange coupling. In particular, the formation and evolution of specific topologically stable planar defects within the antiferromagnetic ground state, i.e. wall-like structures with a ferromagnetic configuration extended over a finite width, explain configurational hysteresis phenomena recently observed in [Co/Pt(Pd)]/Ru and [Co/Pt]/NiO multilayers. Within a phenomenological theory, we have analytically derived the equilibrium sizes of these "ferroband" defects as functions of the antiferromagnetic exchange, a bias magnetic field, and geometrical parameters of the multilayers. In the magnetic phase diagram, the existence region of the ferrobands mediates between the regions of patterns with sharp antiferromagnetic domain walls and regular arrays of ferromagnetic stripes. The theoretical results are supported by magnetic force microscopy images of the remanent states observed in [Co/Pt]/Ru.Comment: Paper submitted by the Joint European Magnetics Symposia 2008, Dublin (4 pages, 3 figures

Extraction of phenological parameters from temporally smothed vegetation indices

Within the MARS Crop Yield Forecasting System (MCYFS; Royer and Genovese, 2004) of the European Commission vegetation indicators like NDVI, SAVI and fAPAR are operationally derived for daily, decadal and monthly time steps. Besides low resolution sensors as SPOT-VGT and NOAA-AVHRR, medium resolution data from TERRA/AQUA-MODIS or ENVISAT-MERIS are used at pan-European level. In case of available time-series, esp. NOAA AVHRR (since 1981) and SPOT-VGT (since 1998) difference values of the indicators (e.g. relative or absolute differences) and frequency analysis of the indicators (e.g. position in historical range or distribution) are calculated. The exploitation of the data is performed at full resolution, at grid level of the MCYFS or regional unmixed means (C-indicators) are used. Therefore a database has been set-up in order to provide the indicators based on a weighted average for each CORINE land cover class within an area of interest. The study aims to develop a strategy for an optimal use of the different sensors and thus derived indicators at different aggregation levels for the ingestion into the MCYFS. As a first step smoothing algorithms have to be applied to the time series to diminish noise effects. Therefore, existing methods as simple sliding windows, piecewise linear regression or fitting of polynomial functions are employed and compared. Thereafter the time-series analysis is performed with the aim to establish relationships between indicators profile features and the crop phenology.JRC.DDG.H.4-Monitoring agricultural resource

Zur Invertierbarkeit von durch spatio-temporale Filter erzeugten Abbildungen mit besonderem Bezug zur Entwicklung einer lernfähigen Sehprothese

Für die Entwicklung wahrnehmungsbasierter Dialogverfahren für das Training lernfähiger Retina Encoder (RE) wird ein Inverter Modul benötigt, welches die spatio-temporale Abbildung, die durch den RE geleistet wird, umkehrt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird, ausgehend von einem speziellen Modell der visuellen Informationsverarbeitung beim Menschen, der Sehvorgang als Sequenz zweier Abbildungen betrachtet, die auf zueinander invers sein müssen. Mit der mathematischen Beschreibung dieser spatio-temporalen Filterung war es möglich, zwei unterschiedliche Inversionsverfahren, die Matrix-Methode und die Entscheidungsbaum-Methode, zu entwickeln, die einen Eingangsreiz perfekt aus dem RE-Filterergebnis rekonstruieren können. Die Matrix-Methode wurde durch Übertragung geeigneter Inversionsverfahren aus anderen Wissenschaftsdisziplinen auf die Retina Encoder Problemstellung realisiert. Die Entwicklung der Entscheidungsbaum-Methode basierte auf Erkenntnissen und Annahmen über die visuelle Informationsverarbeitung im Zentralen Sehsystem des Menschen sowie auf künstlich generierten Augenbewegung. Es stellte sich dabei heraus, dass die Invertierung der ST-Filterung typischerweise auf ein schlecht gestelltes Problem (ill-posed problem) bzw. schlecht konditioniertes Problem (ill-conditioned problem) führt. Aus diesem Grund musste die Matrix Methode durch Regularisierungsverfahren erweitert werden. Die Eignung der Inversionsverfahren für das wahrnehmungsbasierte RE-Training mit normalsichtigen Versuchspersonen wurde in Dialogverfahren unter Einsatz evolutionärer Algorithmen mit automatischer Selektion untersucht. Es stellte sich heraus, dass die Entscheidungsbaum-Methode der Matrix-Methode im Falle schlecht konditionierter RE-Abbildungen bei der Rekonstruktion reiner schwarz-weißer Reizmuster überlegen ist. Der Einsatz der Entscheidungsbaum-Methode im Inverter Modul zusammen mit einem ebenfalls neu entwickelten Lerndialogverfahren mit ortspezifischem Feedback (Position Sensitive Tuning) ermöglichte normalsichtigen Versuchspersonen ein schnelles und erfolgreiches RE-Training. </p