Inventory policy planning for spare parts and its application in the heavy-duty truck and bus industry

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering. Johannesburg, November 1994.Inventories are produced, used (e.g. for raw materials, supplies, spare parts, and So forth) or distributed by every organisation. Moreover, inventories represent a major investment from the perspectives of both individual firms and entire national economies. In addition, enormous costs are incurred in the planning, scheduling, control and actual carrying out of replenlshment-Iprocuretnentl related activities. Interest in the subject of inventory management is constantly increasing, yet Silver and Petarsonlll (P(eface) found that "although invi ,~ory management ha.l been studied in considerable depth from a theoretical perspective, yet, those of us who, throuah consulting work, come into. clos>!)contact with mananerlal decision procedures in this arer are repeatedly surprised to find how limited, and ad hoc, many of the existing decision systems actually are. The rate at which theory has been developed has far outstripped the rate at which decision practices of firms have been successft,Jlly upgraded. A major g~o has existed between the theoretical solutions, on the one hand, and the real world problems, on the other". Inventory control is the science-based art of ensuring that lust enough inventory (or stockl is held by an organisation to meet both its internal and external demand commitments economically. There can be disadvantages in holding either too much 01 too little inventory. Therefore, inventory control is primarily concerned with obtaining the correct inventory with compromise between these two extremes. The control and maintenance of inventories is a problem common to all enterprises in any sector of a given economy. The primary aim of this study is to identify What the inventory policy of a company shoull;I be to Secure a reduction in inventory-related costs while maintaining a high level of customer service. Lewis(2) defines two bMlt:~ tvpes of inventory policy. Those in which decisions concerning replenishment are based on the lellel of inventory held, are known as "fixed-order quantity models" or "re-order level policies" and those in which such declslons arc made on a time basis are known as "fixed-time period models" or "re-order cycle policies". According to Nadder(3) (7I 11) the basic distinction between fixed-order quantity models and fixed-tlme period models is that the former are "event-triggered" while the latter are "time-triggered". That is, a fixed-order quantity model initiates an order when the "event" of reaching a specified re-order level occurs. This event may take place at any time, depending on the demand for the items considered. In contrast, the fixed-time period model is limited to placing orders at the end of a predetermined time period; hence, the passage of time alone "triggers" the model. In this thesis, we shall discuss both classical inventory models and heuristic models. We shall also conduct an investigation into the factors affecting high levels of inventory ~ mainly lead times (supplier and internal lea' times) in relation to spare 9arts in the heavv-dutv truck and bus industry. The thesis also suggests guidelines for controlling stock or these types of commodities in a practical environment. This will be done by either researching the existing inventory models or developing new inventory models or a combination of both, the intention being not to look for absolute optimisation, but rather to achieve significant improvements over current operations.GR 201

Bring Back the Noise: How Cariou v. Prince Will Revitalize Sampling

In 1988, John Carlin argued in an article in this Journal that fair use should be extended to cover works of appropriation art so as to protect appropriative artists from claims of copyright infringement. He wrote that “[a]n extension of fair use to cover artistic use through Appropriation would not compromise either the underlying logic of copyright law, or the intent of Congress in creating a legislative exception to copyright monopoly in the fair use doctrine.” In 1992, artist Jeff Koons unsuccessfully argued that one of his sculptures, which borrowed heavily from a photograph he purchased in a card shop, was fair use. But in 1994, the Supreme Court ruled that works of appropriation art do not inherently infringe on the original author’s copyright. Since then, courts have moved towards embracing Carlin’s view that copyright should encourage appropriation art by accepting such art as fair use, not condemn it by finding such art to be infringement. The most recent development came from the Second Circuit in Cariou v. Prince, where the court of appeals embraced perhaps the most expansive interpretation of fair use of any court yet. Up to this point, however, these cases have only involved visual art. This Note seeks to track the progress that courts have made towards accepting appropriation art as fair use and argues that the reasoning from recent cases dealing with visual art can also be applied to music

The effect of finger joint profile and orientation on the strength properties of Timber beam for selected Malaysian timber species / Mohd Azran Razlan

The jointing together of timber member plays a very important role in the construction of timber structure because all timber structures are made of elements that must be connected together for the transfer of loads between them. Of the failures observed in timber structures, most are attributed to improper connections design, construction (fabrication) detail, or serviceability. Timber connection can be divided into two categories which are mechanical joints and end joints. For end joints, three possible end-joints might be considered in timber connection; butt joints, scarf joints and finger-joints. Finger-joints offer the best way of joining wood, since they provide high strength, not wasteful of wood and can be manufactured at high production rates. Finger joints are type of structural end joint used in glue laminated timber (Glulam) to form long, continuous lamination out of individual pieces of timber. Finger-joint strength evaluations have been well documented on temperate species. Extensive studies have also been conducted on methods used to finger joint and the effect of finger joint profile to the strength of timber. However, little information is available on finger jointing of Malaysian tropical hardwoods especially finger profile geometry and orientation for optimum strength. This thesis reports on the research work carried out in determining the effect of finger-joint length ( 15 mm and 25 mm), orientations (horizontal and vertical) and species of Malaysian timbers (Kapur, Merpauh, Resak, Bintangor, White Meranti, Sesenduk and Kelampayan) on the strength properties of finger jointing as connections in timber beams. The bondability of adhesive to timber, thick adherend shear test and contact angle were conducted. Non-destructive test (NDT) was also performed. The results showed that there is no significant difference in the joint strength of the beams for all species in terms of finger lengths and orientations. The failure modes of the failed bending specimens were observed and it was found that timbers in lower strength groups (SG 6 and SG7), failed mostly in timbers. However for higher strength groups’ timber (SG 4 and SG5) the failures were mostly in adhesive failure. These results correlate well with the thick adherend shear test and contact angle tests. The NDT tests were conducted to see if this method can be used to predict the MOE of finger jointed beam. The test results for NDT tests showed that is no correlation in the dynamic MOE and static bending MOE

The Effect Of Anti Roll Bar On The Heavy Vehicle Handling

Vehicle rollover contributes to huge number of tragic accident in recent years. Heavier vehicle have greater tendency to rollover due to their lower roll stiffness and smaller rollover threshold. While common passenger car could overcome the stability issue by means of speed reduction, having higher points of centre of gravity, it is impossible for heavier vehicle to seek balance between stability and speed. Simple balance spring device known as anti roll bar has been introduced to passenger car to enhance the roll stiffness of the suspension system without having to trade off speed and ride comfort. A system with the same goal has been developed for heavier vehicle. However, the system requires active feedback control system which resulted in the creation of a complex safety control system known as active anti roll system

Aplikasi M-Commerce Berbasis Android pada Toko “Fani Bags”

Bags Fani store is one bag shop. Fani Bags store sells a wide range of bags such as backpacks, travel bags, briefcases etc. However, the mechanism of buying and selling or marketing is done manually, the buyer must come to the store to buy goods from Fani Bags. Then it becomes inefficient. M-commerce (mobile commerce) is a trading system that is performed by the method of trading is done with portable media or mobile devices such as smartphones, PDAs etc. This application is based Mobile Application (Android) using java programming and MySQL as the database and PHP as webserver. M-commerce to be a solution to solve the problems on the Fani Bags store due to m-commerce and smart phones as a media liaison, customers can easily access or purchase products Fani Bags store without having to come to the store. It can be concluded using mobile commerce applications of this transaction will be carried out more easily, efficiently, and of course the wider area coverag

Saya tidak jangka dilantik Naib Canselor

Saya mulakan tugas denagan bermesyuarat bersama Timbalan Naib Canselor (TNC) hampir dua jam. Walaupun dulu saya TNC dan faham tugas canselori, tetapi sebagai NC memanglah ada perubahan... dulu saya membantu sekarang tanggungjawab lebih besar. Sebenarnya ramai orang menjangka perlantikan saya, tetapi saya sendiri tak jangka sebab sebelum ini saya TNC di bahagian pembangunan dan saya selesa kerana ia bidang saya

5 Kementerian Patut Selaras Kajian Herba

Pertindihan fungsi dalam aspek perlaksanaan tugas lima kementerian perlu disusun semula bagi memastikan pengeluaran bahan mentah herba negara yang ketika ini dianggarkan bernilai lebih RM400 juta terus berkembang