Tibia malunion with angular deformity: Corrective osteotomy and intramedullary fixation with the chipping technique

There are few options for correcting severe malunion of tibial shaft. Acute correction by close wedge osteotomy followed by fixation with plate is a standard treatment for this but associated with shortening and non-union. Gradual correction with circular external fixation is able to correct the deformity without producing shortening. However it is uncomfortable and require tedious nursing and rehabilitative care. Chipping the non-union site was associated with a favorable outcome for femur fracture because it biologically enhances fracture healing. However, there is no report on chipping osteotomy for tibia mal-union. We consider chipping osteotomy as a treatment option for this patient who refuses to have external fixation for his treatment. Patient achieved corrected alignment of tibia and fracture union in 5 months. However he develops problem with wound healing of the wound

Transmission robuste de vidéo basée ondelette à travers un canal MIMO

National audienceCet article présente l'évolution d'un codeur pour images fixes basé ondelette vers le codage vidéo. Ce codeur associe une transformation en ondelette classique, une quantification vectorielle par sous-bande et une modulation de type MAQ-M. L'exploitation conjointe des éléments de la chaîne de transmission assure une qualité de services dans des conditions de transmission difficiles. Les redondances temporelles sont exploitées, dans le cadre du codage vidéo, par un algorithme spécifique d'estimation et de compensation de mouvement adapté à nos contraintes de codage. Nous proposons ainsi une méthode de codage permettant d'atteindre une bonne robustesse des vecteurs mouvement. Ce codeur nommé V-WTSOM présente une hiérarchisation importante des informations. Nous exploitons cette hiérarchisation en transmission à travers un canal MIMO incluant une possibilité de précodage diagonal. La décomposition en sous-canaux SISO parallèles et indépendants permet d'envisager des stratégies d'allocation basées sur le contenu et améliorant globalement la qualité de service

Dissection moléculaire de la fonction activatrice AF-1 du récepteur aux oestrogènes alpha dans la physiopathologie vasculaire et la prolifération utérine

Les œstrogènes influencent de nombreuses maladies comme le cancer de l'endomètre et les maladies cardiovasculaires. Leurs actions majeures sont relayées par le récepteur aux œstrogènes ERa, régulant la transcription de gènes cibles via deux fonctions activatrices AF-1 et AF-2. Grâce à l'utilisation de souris invalidées pour AF-1, mon équipe a rapporté que l'AF-1 n'était pas nécessaire pour l'action vasculoprotectrice du 17ß-œstradiol (E2), principal œstrogène naturel. Durant ma thèse, nous avons démontré que : i) le tamoxifène, modulateur sélectif des ERs,protège de l'athérosclérose via AF-1, contrairement à l'effet de l'E2 mais n'accélère pas la ré-endothélialisation, ii) l'AF-1 du ERa est nécessaire pour la régulation de la transcription et de la prolifération cellulaire dans l'utérus en réponse à l'E2 et au tamoxifène. Ainsi, ce travail contribue à la dissection moléculaire de l'action du Era in vivo, qui pourrait poser les bases d'une optimisation de la modulation du ERa.Estrogens influence most of the physiological processes in mammals, in particular reproduction and vascular system. Thus, it is not surprising that these steroid hormones influence numerous diseases, including breast and endometrium cancers, as well as cardiovascular diseases. These actions are mediated by two nuclear receptors, estrogen receptors ERa and ERß, which regulate target gene transcription through two independent activation functions AF-1 and AF-2. Using ERa deficient mice or electively targeting AF-1, my team has previously demonstrated that ERa is required for the E2 vasculoprotective actions of 17ß-estradiol (E2), the main natural estrogen. In contrast, activation of AF-1 of ERa is dispensable for atheroprotection, increase of NO relaxation and endothelial healing. During my phD, we have shown that: 1) tamoxifen, a selective ER modulator, used more than 30 years for breast cancer treatment in premenopausal women, prevents atherosclerosis but not accelerates endothelial healing. This atheroprotective effect is ERa-dependant and in contrast to E2, needs its AF-1, 2) AF-1of ERa is necessary to the regulation of gene transcription and cell proliferation in the uterus in response to E2 or tamoxifen. However a residual uterine hypertrophy after chronic E2 treatment persists in mice lacking AF-1 of ERa, potentially due to a stromal edema resulting to the persistence of Vegf-a induction. Furthermore uterine epithelial apoptosis and response to progesterone are largely altered in these mice. Thus, my PhD contributes to the molecular dissection of ERa activation in vivo, which could pave the way of an optimized ERa modulation. Indeed, the selective activation of ERa inducing beneficial effects of E2 without stimulating deleterious effects represents a major therapeutic interest

Avaliação da resistência de Anticarsia gemmatalis Hubner, 1818 (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) ao seu vírus de poliedrose nuclear, Baculovirus anticarsia

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Flávio MoscardiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências BiológicasInclui referências: p. 68-71Área de concentração: EntomologiaResumo: Com o objetivo de avaliar a suscetibilidade natural de Anticarsia gemmatalis ao seu vírus de poliedrose nuclear IVPN), Baculovirus anticarsia, foram coletadas populações do inseto com histórico de exposição e não exposição a aplicações do virus nas regiões de Dourados (MS), Passo Fundo(RS) e Londrina e Rancho Alegre (PR). Na segunda geração, estas foram comparadas por duas gerações mediante bioensaios com o VPN, sendo os dados referentes ao logaritmo da dose e a percentagem de mortalidade submetidos a análise de regressão ( Probites ). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre elas, concluindo-se, portanto, que as referidas populações de A. gemmatalis não apresentam resistência natural ao vírus, apesar de até oito anos de exposição a aplicações do patógeno, dependendo do local. A população de Dourados ( MS ) não exposta ao vírus foi mantida, com o objetivo de submetê-la a uma pressão de seleção por dez gerações, para determinar se esta espécie é potencialmente capacitada a desenvolver resistência ao vírus. Em cada geração foi montado um bioensaio com a finalidade de estabelecer a concentração letal 80 (CL80) a ser utilizada na geração seguinte. Paralelamente, foi realizado um teste visando uma sobrevivência de 20% das larvas. A. gemmatalis demonstrou capacidade para desenvolver resistência quando a população foi mantida isolada em condições de laboratório. A taxa final de resistência (CL50 da população resistente dividido pela CL50 da população suscetível) foi de 109.18 vezes, após 10 gerações. Com o objetivo de avaliar a possibilidade de reversão da resistência, a população resistente foi dividida em duas sub-populações. Uma delas foi deixada livre de pressão de seleção, verificando-se que, após quatro gerações, a resistência manteve-se estável, mas com tendência a diminuir. A outra subpopulação foi cruzada sucessivamente com a população testemunha (suscetível), observando-se perda total da resistência ao vírus após quatro gerações. Concluiu-se que, quando comparados os comportamentos das populações livres de pressão de seleção com o cruzamento de resistentes x testemunha, o aporte do caráter de suscetibilidade da população suscetível contribui de forma importante para a não manifestação de resistência o que poderia explicar a não verificação de resistência em populações naturais de 1 . gemmatalis, mesmo para aquelas expostas há vários anos a aplicações do vírus.Abstract: In order to evaluate the natural susceptibility of Anticarsia gemmatalis to its nuclear poiyhedrosis virus (NPV), Baculovirus anticarsia , populations of the insect, with history of exposition and non exposition to field applications of the NPV, were collected in the regions of Dourados, MS, Londrina and Rancho Alegre, PR, and Passo Fundo, RS. These were submitted to bioassays with the NPV in the second generation, and no significant differences were found among the test populations regarding the susceptibility to the virus. The colony from Dourados (non exposed) was maintained under conlinous laboratory rearing in order to conduct selection pressure experiments to determine the potential capacity of A. gemmataIis to develop resistance to the NPV. After 10 generations the selected colony showed a 109.2 fold increase in resistance to the NPV when compared to the non exposed (control) colony. The possibility of reversion of resistance was also evaluated by spilling the selected colony in two: one of them was left free from the selection pressure, and another was bred successively with the susceptible colony, in the first case, the resistance remained stable after four generations, although with a tendency to decrease. In the second, the resistance was completely lost after four generations showing that the susceptibility character in the control colony strongly contributed for the reversion of resistance in the selected colony. This finding may help to explain the non detection of resistance to the NPV in natural populations of A. gemmatalis, even those exposed for several years to field applications of the pathogen

An investigation of the roles of traditional leadership in the liberation struggle in southern Sudan from 1983-2004

The aim of this research study was to examine the role of traditional leadership during the upsurge of civil war in Southern Sudan. There has not been much research conducted in this field especially in Abiem County. Throughout the research process the role of traditional leaders has shown an unprecedented position during the liberation struggled characterized by huge support in terms of material support, manpower and political mobilization. The data analysis clearly reflected the roles of traditional leaders that occupied the historical perspective amidst the armed struggle waged by successive liberation movements and especially during the Sudan people’s Liberation Movement and Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLM/SPLA) from 1983 - 2004. It reflected on the vital roles of people’s support in the liberation movement represented by their traditional leaders, chiefs, elders, spiritual leaders, women and youth. Thus the perception of the role of traditional leadership in its different categories ha s shown a satisfactory and effective contribution to the war of liberation in Southern Sudan. However, in order to achieve the objectives, an investigation was conducted with various interviewees. As stated earlier, participants ranged from the chiefs and elders to local military and civil appointed administrators, women, youth and religious leaders. The main results of the study have profoundly asserted the important role of traditional leaders in the local government and their involvement in popular decision making and in local conflict management

Impact of Intestinal Peptides on the Enteric Nervous System: Novel Approaches to Control Glucose Metabolism and Food Intake

The gut is one of the most important sources of bioactive peptides in the body. In addition to their direct actions in the brain and/or peripheral tissues, the intestinal peptides can also have an impact on enteric nervous neurons. By modifying the endogenousproduction of these peptides, one may expect modify the “local” physiology such as glucose absorption, but also could have a “global” action via the gut–brain axis. Due to the various origins of gut peptides (i.e., nutrients, intestinal wall, gut microbiota) and the heterogeneity of enteric neurons population, the potential physiological parameters control by the interaction between the two partners are multiple. In this review, we will exclusively focus on the role of enteric nervous system as a potential target of gut peptides to control glucose metabolism and food intake. Potential therapeutic strategies based on per os administration of gut peptides to treat type 2 diabetes will be described

Comparison of marshall mix properties between normal acw14 hot mix asphalt mixture and acw14 with carbide lime as filler replacement materia

Many researchers have been using Marshall Mixture design method for designing Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) mixtures. The objective of this study is to evaluate the Marshall Mix properties for both types of mixtures using normal aggregate and carbide lime as filler material in ACW 14 mix. One using ordinate aggregate available at UNIMAS civil lab and another one the filler size of 75 μm was replace by carbide lime. The asphalt cement use varies from 4.5% to 6.5% and having penetration grades of 80/100. The mix were compare in term of Marshall Properties such as stability and flow; and volumetric properties are mixture density, Voids Filled with Asphalt (VFA), Voids in Mineral Aggregate (VMA), and Voids in Total Mix (VTM). Study show that the hot mix asphalt for the normal aggregate mix having a greater density but carbide mix having greater stability. The optimum binder content for the normal mix asphalt was 5.67% and 5.63% for the carbide mix. The ACW 14 for the carbide mix does not satisfied JKR requirement for flow, void in total mix and voids in aggregate filled with asphalt mean while the ACW 14 for normal only fail to satisfy the void in total mix and voids in aggregate filled with asphalt