Analysis of static behavior of a P-FGM Beam

In this paper, the systematic arrangements are acquired to foresee the static behavior of the P-FGM beam and which have been gotten by Navier's solution. The numerical outcomes got by the new shear models are presented and compared with those available in the literature to see the influence of the geometry and the mixing law on the static behavior of this type of FGM beams

Investigations in static response and free vibration of a functionally graded beam resting on elastic foundations

In this article, an analytical study was done to predict the behavior of the beam vis-à-vis bending, buckling, and dynamic responses of isotropic homogeneous beams based on an elastic foundation. The material properties of the FG-beams vary across the thickness using the power law. In this work, the sinusoidal shear deformation beams theory is used to investigate the static and dynamic behavior of FG beams. The present theory fulfills the condition of nullity of edge stresses and does not require the use of a shear correction factor. Hamilton's principle is used to deduce equations of motion, and analytical solutions for simply supported beams were obtained using the Navier resolution method. Nondimensional displacements, eigenfrequencies and critical-buckling loadcs of isotropic homogeneous beams were obtained for various values of the foundation parameters. The numerical results obtained by the present technique have been compared with the results of literature and are in excellent agreement with them. It can be concluded that the current HSDBT is simple and accurate in solving the bending, eigenfrequency and critical-buckling load problems for FGM beams

Assessing The Impact Of The Global Financial Crisis On GCC Countries

No doubt, the international financial crisis that started in the United States of America will cast its effects on all countries of the world, developed and developing. Yet these effects vary from one country to another for several reasons. The GCC countries would not escape these negative effects of this severe crisis. The negative effects of the crisis on gulf countries come from many aspects: first, decrease in price of oil on whose revenues the development programs in these countries depend; second, decrease in the value of US$and the subsequent decrease in the assets owned by these countries in US$; third, a case of economic stagnation will prevail in the world with effects starting to appear. It is obvious that this would be reflected on the real sector in the economies causing a series of negative effects through decrease of the world demand for exports of GCC countries of oil, petrochemicals and aluminum.  Lastly, increased inflation rates with decreased interest rates will result in a decrease in real interest with an accompanying decrease in incentives for saving and consequently investment and economic development. The main aim of the research is to assess the economic effects of the global financial crisis on GCC countries. The paper results are that the big reserves of foreign currencies achieved by the GCC countries in the past few years have helped increase their ability to bear the effects of the financial effects on one hand and their ability to adopt expansionary policies through pumping liquidity to absorb the regressive effects of the crisis on the other. The paper recommends the necessity of taking precautionary procedures for the effects which will result from the expansionary policies effective in GCC countries

Investigating how ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of AURKA contributes to its activity in the cell cycle

Aurora kinase A (AURKA) is a major mitotic regulatory kinase required for mitotic entry, the formation of a bipolar mitotic spindle, and the completion of cytokinesis. In recent years AURKA has been identified as an upstream regulator for many interphase functions such as cilia disassembly and mitochondrial fragmentation. AURKA is overexpressed in many tumours and has a pivotal role in the acquisition of malignant cell phenotypes. Therefore, it is considered a highly attractive drug target for anti-cancer therapy. The activity of AURKA is regulated by phosphorylation at the active loop or the interaction with binding partners. TPX2 is a well-known binding partner of AURKA. It activates AURKA through stabilizing the T-loop and is required for targeting AURKA to the mitotic spindle. Phosphorylation and binding partners may act synergistically to induce hyperactivity of the kinase. Previous research from my lab has highlighted that AURKA is frequently co-expressed with TPX2 in human cancers and proposed AURKA/TPX2 complex as an oncogenic holoenzyme in a variety of cancers. AURKA protein is targeted for proteasome-mediated degradation by the FZR1 activated form of APC/C at the end of mitosis. This study focuses on characterisation of AURKA degrons, the contribution of APC/C-FZR1 in the timing of AURKA inactivation, identifying the physiological consequences of AURKA deregulation outside mitosis, and examining the role of Short Linear motifs (SLiMs) within AURKA N-terminal domain in regulating its stability and activity. I show that the previously known D-box-like motif (R371xxL374) within C-terminal is not a functional degron. I also reveal that the A-box motif may act as an atypical D-box that is sufficient to drive protein degradation. I use a new tool CRISPR/Cas9 FZR1 knockout cell line and a FRET-based biosensor for measuring AURKA activity to investigate directly whether AURKA inactivation is regulated simply by destruction. These, in combination with time-lapse imaging, show that inactivation of AURKA is identical in wild-type and FZR1KO cells, despit¬e the difference in protein levels between the two cell lines. I demonstrate that the timing of AURKA inactivation is regulated via the degradation of its activator TPX2 at mitotic exit. Moreover, the destruction of AURKA is required to regulate its interphase activity. I also identify that extra AURKA activity can have consequences on the morphology of the mitochondrial network outside of mitosis. My time-lapse imaging reveals that FZR1-restricted degradation of AURKA controls mitochondrial dynamics. This mechanism links the destruction machinery, through AURKA signaling to the mitochondrial dynamics of the cell. I further explore the role of the N-terminal domain in the regulation of AURKA activity through the detailed analysis of the potential SLiMs. I find that K23RVL has a role in mediating the autoinhibition of AURKA. I then investigate the hypothesis that calmodulin (CaM) protects AURKA from degradation through its binding to the A-box SLiM. I find that AURKA degradation is not affected by inhibition of Ca2+/CaM. In summary, this work sheds light not only on the molecular mechanisms of AURKA activity and stability but also on the physiological relevance outside mitosis, which is urgently needed in the field to understand the oncogenic activity of AURKA and to improve therapeutic applications of cancer patients.Cambridge Overseas Trust, Youssef Jameel Foundation and Cambridge Philosophical Society

Le lévosimendan en cardiologie et chirurgie cardiaque sous circulation extracorporelle

Introduction : le lévosimendan est un agent inodilatateur utilisé avec succès dans le traitement de l’insuffisance cardiaque aigue et chronique. Son utilisation dans le traitement du syndrome du bas débit cardiaque en pré opératoire et en postopératoire après chirurgie cardiaque sous circulation extracardiaque est peu documentée, il semble être une alternative très intéressante en terme de morbimortalité.Objectif de l’étude : l’évaluation de l’intérêt du lévosimendan par rapport à la dobutamine dans le sevrage rapide des drogues inotropes en chirurgie cardiaque sous circulation extracorporelle pour des malades déjà sous lévosimendan avant la chirurgie.Matériels et méthodes : soixante patients ayant présenté un syndrome de bas débit cardiaque avant et aprés chirurgie cardiaque sous circulation extracorporelle, ayant necessité des drogues inotropes positives et vacopresseurs (dobutamine ± noradrénaline). En postopératoire dans le cadre du sevrage des drogues, nous avons identifié deux groupes : groupe lévosimendan (n=30) et groupe dobutamine (n=30). Dans le groupe lévosimendan, la dobutamine a été remplacée en postopératoire immédiat par le lévosimendan. Les différents paramètres hémodynamiques (PAM, FC, IC, VES, RVS), la durée de séjour en unité de soins intensif et la mortalité à 30 jours ont été évalués et comparés entre les deux groupes de patients.Résultats : l’index cardiaque était significativement plus augmenté dans le groupe lévosimendan par rapport au groupe dobutamine (2.8 [0.3] l/min/m² versus 2.3 [0.4] ml/min/m²) respectivement, P<0.05. De plus le lévosimendan réduit significativement les résistances vasculaires. La durée de séjour et la mortalité à 30 jours étaient significativement moindres dans le groupe lévosimendan par rapport au groupe dobutamine.Conclusion : l’utilisation du lévosimendan dans le traitement du syndrome de bas débit cardiaque sous circulation extracorporelle a permis une amélioration rapide de l’état hémodynamique avec un court séjour en unité se soins intensif et une faible mortalit

Estimation Of The Economic Impact Of Brain Drain On The Labor Expelling Country

The emigration of human resources leads to many losses for the labor expelling country. Such losses would, without doubt, adversely affect the economic and social development programs in multiple aspects including state loss of migrants efforts in producing the desired growth whether in the planning and preparation stages or in the implementation stage and the cost opportunity represented in the financial resources spent on the migrants prior to their emigration which could have been utilized in other areas taking into account, the limited financial resources in the underdeveloped countries which are mainly labor expelling countries. Hence, the loss of such countries is doubled. They neither benefited from their labor after years of spending in education and health, nor they saved their funds and exploited in other alternatives like improving education and health services, providing job opportunities for residents, improving the innovation climate or even increasing civil production to improve the living standards of individuals. The study is devoted to analyze and measure of economic effects of labor emigration in the labor expelling economy, through taking Egypt – the largest Arab country suffering from this phenomenon- as an example and using data derived from Egyptian sources. Estimates have emphasized growing losses generated by the Egyptian labor emigration, especially by brain drain. The paper concludes that measures and policies must be adopted to stop this drain by addressing the causes of labor emigration or rather, the existing properties of the labor expelling country. Also, efforts must be made to ensure that data related to immigration is always available, updated and estimated by official bodies having human, financial and technical capabilities for this task

A Review of the Literature on Factors That May Influence Entrepreneurial Intention among University Students

The purpose of this article is to present a review of the literature on the variables that can influence students' entrepreneurial intention, as well as the theories underlying our research work. Several theories have been mobilized to explain entrepreneurial intention, notably Sokol and Shapero's theory (1982) and Ajzen's theory (1991). But among students in particular, we must ask what factors spark the idea of starting a business.  After examining several articles in the literature on entrepreneurial intention (about thirty), we were able to identify, through an archiving method, three essential variables that act on entrepreneurial intention: The desire to undertake, the social factor and the degree of feasibility. But isn't it important to look at other variables that can influence the entrepreneurial act

A Review of the Literature on Factors That May Influence Entrepreneurial Intention among University Students

The purpose of this article is to present a review of the literature on the variables that can influence students' entrepreneurial intention, as well as the theories underlying our research work. Several theories have been mobilized to explain entrepreneurial intention, notably Sokol and Shapero's theory (1982) and Ajzen's theory (1991). But among students in particular, we must ask what factors spark the idea of starting a business.  After examining several articles in the literature on entrepreneurial intention (about thirty), we were able to identify, through an archiving method, three essential variables that act on entrepreneurial intention: The desire to undertake, the social factor and the degree of feasibility. But isn't it important to look at other variables that can influence the entrepreneurial act

A frictional contact problem with wear involving elastic-viscoplastic materials with damage and thermal effects

We consider a mathematical problem for quasistatic contact between a thermo-elastic-viscoplastic body with damage and an obstacle. The contact is frictional and bilateral with a moving rigid foundation which results in the wear of the contacting surface. We employ the thermo-elasticviscoplastic with damage constitutive law for the material. The damage of the material caused by elastic deformations. The evolution of the damage is described by an inclusion of parabolic type. The problem is formulated as a coupled system of an elliptic variational inequality for the displacement, a parabolic variational inequality for the damage and the heat equation for the temperature. We establish a variational formulation for the model and we prove the existence of a unique weak solution to the problem. The proof is based on a classical existence and uniqueness result on parabolic inequalities, differential equations and fixed point arguments