1,429 research outputs found
A quantification of the glacial imprint on relief development in the French western Alps
International audienceThe morphology of the western Alps has been strongly influenced by Quaternary glaciations. On the basis of observations of glacial morphology in the Belledonne, Grandes Rousses, Taillefer and Pelvoux-Ecrins Massifs (south-eastern France), we reconstitute the glacial trimline and Equilibrium Line Altitude (ELA) during the most extensive glaciation (MEG). Our best estimate of the MEG ELA is 1800 ± 100m. Using digital elevation models, we compare our glacial reconstruction with the relief structure of nine major catchments draining the massifs. Modal elevations of the largest catchments occur at 2000–2500m and coincide with minima in plots of mean slope angles as a function of elevation. Modal elevations and slope minima occur between the modern and MEG ELAs, confirming a strong glacial imprint on relief. In order to quantify glacial valley carving in the massifs, we isolated high-elevation, low-relief surfaces that form rock shoulders adjacent to the glacial valleys from a Digital Elevation Model and constructed an interpolated surface passing through these. Subtracting the present-day topography from this surface allows us to quantify the maximum glacial valley depths. Maximum valley depths determined in this manner are typically > 1000m, with spatial maxima occurring around the location of the MEG ELA in most valleys. These numbers do not take into account glacial valley widening and local glacial overdeepenings. The also neglect, however, potential pre-glacial fluvial valley incision, which could account for 20–50% of the measured valley depths. In spite of these problems, inferred valley depths are reasonably well correlated with the mean reconstructed ice thickness, and constitute about half of the sub-ridgeline relief of the studied catchments. These results lead us to propose a significant Quaternary increase in the relief of the French western Alps, controlled by climate and associated with the initiation of alpine glaciations. For reasonable values of the effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere, the isostatic response to glacial valley carving reaches values of not, vert, similar 300m across the massifs. This number is insufficient to substantially offset topographic lowering due to regional denudation, and we conclude that the isostatic response to glacial valley carving has not increased peak elevations significantly
Vortex liquid correlations induced by in-plane field in underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d
By measuring the Josephson Plasma Resonance, we have probed the influence of
an in-plane magnetic field on the pancake vortex correlations along the c-axis
in heavily underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d (Tc = 72.4 +/- 0.6 K) single crystals
both in the vortex liquid and in the vortex solid phase. Whereas the in-plane
field enhances the interlayer phase coherence in the liquid state close to the
melting line, it slightly depresses it in the solid state. This is interpreted
as the result of an attractive force between pancake vortices and Josephson
vortices, apparently also present in the vortex liquid state. The results
unveil a boundary between a correlated vortex liquid in which pancakes adapt to
Josephson vortices, and the usual homogeneous liquid.Comment: 2 pages, submitted to the Proceedings of M2S HTSC VIII Dresde
Vortex Solid-Liquid Transition in BiSrCaCuO with a High Density of Strong Pins
The introduction of a large density of columnar defects in %underdoped
BiSrCaCuO crystals does not, at sufficiently low
vortex densities, increase the irreversibility line beyond the first order
transition (FOT) field of pristine crystals. At such low fields, the flux line
wandering length behaves as in pristine
%BiSrCaCuO crystals. Next, vortex positional
correlations along the --axis in the vortex Bose glass at fields above the
FOT are smaller than in the low--field vortex solid. Third, the
Bose-glass-to-vortex liquid transition is signaled by a rapid decrease in
c-axis phase correlations. These observations are understood in terms of the
``discrete superconductor'' model.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures Submitted to Phys. Rev. B Rapid Comm. 16-1-2004
Revised version 18-3-200
The magnetization of PrFeAsOF$_{0.12} sueprconductor
The magnetization of the PrFeAsOF polycrystalline sample
has been measured as functions of temperature and magnetic field . The
observed total magnetization is the sum of a superconducting irreversible
magnetization () and a paramagnetic magnetization (). Analysis of dc
susceptibility in the normal state shows that the paramagnetic
component of magnetization comes from the Pr magnetic moments. The
intragrain critical current density derived from the magnetization
measurement is large. The curve displays a second peak which shifts
towards the high-field region with decreasing temperature. In the low-field
region, a plateau up to a field followed by a power law
behavior of is the characteristic of the strong pinning. A vortex
phase diagram for the present superconductor has been obtained from the
magnetization and resistivity data.Comment: A revised version with modified title,8 pages, 7 figure
Role of pair-breaking and phase fluctuations in c-axis tunneling in underdoped BiSrCaCuO
The Josephson Plasma Resonance is used to study the c-axis supercurrent in
the superconducting state of underdoped
BiSrCaCuO with varying degrees of controlled
point-like disorder, introduced by high-energy electron irradiation. As
disorder is increased, the Josephson Plasma frequency decreases proportionally
to the critical temperature. The temperature dependence of the plasma frequency
does not depend on the irradiation dose, and is in quantitative agreement with
a model for quantum fluctuations of the superconducting phase in the CuO
layers.Comment: 2 pages, submitted to the Proceedings of M2S-HTSC VIII Dresde
Multimorbidity is common among young workers and related to increased work absenteeism and presenteeism: results from the population–based Raine Study cohort
Objectives This study aimed to determine the extent of both multimorbidity and work productivity loss among young adults with paid work and to analyze their association.
Methods We included 604 participants from a follow-up of the Raine Study that comprised a cohort who were 22 years at the time (Gen2-22). Information on 36 health conditions, grouped into 10 condition categories, was collected through questionnaires and physical assessments (for body mass index only). Quarterly questionnaires about work productivity, including total absenteeism, sickness absenteeism, and total presenteeism, were distributed electronically over the subsequent 12 months. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the prevalence of health conditions, condition categories, multimorbidity, and work productivity. Zero-inflated negative binomial regression analyses were used to assess the association of multimorbidity with productivity loss.
Results Multimorbidity prevalence was substantially higher in females (63%) compared to males (41%). Productivity loss increased as the number of condition categories increased. For example, total absenteeism was associated with an increase in the number of health condition categories in males [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05–1.36] and females (IRR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04–1.24). Similar results were found for sickness absenteeism and presenteeism. The highest burden of productivity loss was found for musculoskeletal disorders (42 444 hours/1000 workers/year), sleep problems (33 581 hours/1000 workers/year), mental and neurological conditions (15 650 hours/1000 workers/year), and ‘other’ medical conditions (22 519 hours/1000 workers/year).
Conclusions Multimorbidity appears to be highly prevalent among young adults with paid work and is strongly related to work productivity loss. Therefore, young workers should be targeted in interventions aiming to reduce multimorbidity and its impact on work productivity
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