Героическое в произведениях А.А. Фета о Крымской войне в контексте эстетической полемики ХIХ века

Проблемы героического в военной прозе и поэзии А.А Фета рассматриваются в контексте эстетической полемики второй половины Х1Х века. В ходе исследования литературно-критических материалов и произведений поэта делается попытка пересмотреть существование традиционных стереотипов относительно творчества и личной жизни художника-эстета и прийти к выводу: военная тематика поэта "чистого искусства" не была обособленной от всего его литературного наследия, она органически вписывалась в его эстетическую программу. Героическое в эстетике и творчестве А. Фета представлено наравне с категорией красоты как составляющей категории прекрасного.Проблеми героiчного в военiй прозi та поезii А.А.Фета разглядаються в контекстi літературної полемікі другоїї половини Х1Х сторіччя. В ході дослiдництва лiтературно-крiтичних матерiалiв та творiв поета робиться спроба переглянути iснування традицiйних стереотипiв вiдносно творчостi та особистого життя художника- естета та прийти до висновка: вiйськова тематика поета "чистого мистецтва" не була вiдокремленою вiд всii його спадщини, вона органiчно вписувалась в його естетичну програму. Героiчне в естетицi та творчостi А.Фета надано нарiвнi з категорiєю красоти, як складовоi категорii прекрасного.Heroic problems in war prose and poetry of A.A.Fet are examined in the context of literal controversy of the second part of the 19thcenturi. In the way of research of literal and critical materials and works of the poet the attempt is making to reexamine existence of formed stereotypes which are related to creative work and personal life of artist-design and go up to the conclusion that poet?s war subject-matter of "pure art" was not isolated from all his legacy. It enters organically into his aesthetic program

The Value of Paratracheal Lymphadenectomy in Esophagectomy for Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus or Gastroesophageal Junction: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Esophageal adenocarcinoma; Nodal metastases; Upper mediastinal lymphadenectomyAdenocarcinoma esofágico; Metástasis ganglionares; Linfadenectomía del mediastino superiorAdenocarcinoma esofàgic; Metàstasis ganglionars; Limfadenectomia del mediastí superiorBackground The role of upper mediastinal lymphadenectomy for distal esophageal or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinomas remains a matter of debate. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of evidence on the incidence of nodal metastases in the upper mediastinum following transthoracic esophagectomy for distal esophageal or GEJ adenocarcinoma. Methods A literature search was performed using Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases up to November 2020 to include studies on patients who underwent transthoracic esophagectomy with upper mediastinal lymphadenectomy for distal esophageal and/or GEJ adenocarcinoma. The primary endpoint was the incidence of metastatic nodes in the upper mediastinum based on pathological examination. Secondary endpoints were the definition of upper mediastinal lymphadenectomy, recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy rate and survival. Results A total of 17 studies were included and the sample sizes ranged from 10-634 patients. Overall, the median incidence of upper mediastinal lymph node metastases was 10.0% (IQR 4.7-16.7). The incidences of upper mediastinal lymph node metastases were 8.3% in the 7 studies that included patients undergoing primary resection (IQR 2.0-16.6), 4,4% in the 1 study that provided neoadjuvant therapy to the full cohort, and 10.6% in the 9 studies that included patients undergoing esophagectomy either with or without neoadjuvant therapy (IQR 8.9-15.8%). Data on survival and RLN palsy rates were scarce and inconclusive. Conclusions The incidence of upper mediastinal lymph node metastases in distal esophageal adenocarcinoma is up to 10%. Morbidity should be weighed against potential impact on survival

Instability of LBV-stars against radial oscillations

In this study we consider the nonlinear radial oscillations exciting in LBV--stars with effective temperatures 1.5e4 K <= Teff <= 3e4 K, bolometric luminosities 1.2e6 L_odot <= L <= 1.9e6 L_odot and masses 35.7 M_odot <= M <= 49.1 M_odot. Hydrodynamic computations were carried out with initial conditions obtained from evolutionary sequences of population I stars (X=0.7, Z=0.02) with initial masses from 70M_odot to 90 M_odot. All hydrodynamical models show instability against radial oscillations with amplitude growth time comparable with dynamical time scale of the star. Radial oscillations exist in the form of nonlinear running waves propagating from the boundary of the compact core to the upper boundary of the hydrodynamical model. The velocity amplitude of outer layers is of several hundreds of km/s while the bolometric light amplitude does not exceed 0.2 mag. Stellar oscillations are not driven by the kappa-mechanism and are due to the instability of the gas with adiabatic exponent close to the critical value Gamma_1 = 4/3 due to the large contribution of radiation in the total pressure. The range of the light variation periods (6 day <= P <= 31 day) of hydrodynamical models agrees with periods of microvariability observed in LBV--stars.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Astronomy Letter

Experimental evidence for neonicotinoid driven decline in aquatic emerging insects

There is an ongoing unprecedented loss in insects, both in terms of richness and biomass. The usage of pesticides, especially neonicotinoid insecticides, has been widely suggested to be a contributor to this decline. However, the risks of neonicotinoids to natural insect populations have remained largely unknown due to a lack of field-realistic experiments. Here, we used an outdoor experiment to determine effects of field-realistic concentrations of the commonly applied neonicotinoid thiacloprid on the emergence of naturally assembled aquatic insect populations. Following application, all major orders of emerging aquatic insects (Coleoptera, Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Odonata, and Trichoptera) declined strongly in both abundance and biomass. At the highest concentration (10 mg/L), emergence of most orders was nearly absent. Diversity of the most species-rich family, Chironomidae, decreased by 50% at more commonly observed concentrations (1 mg/L) and was generally reduced to a single species at the highest concentration. Our experimental findings thereby showcase a causal link of neonicotinoids and the ongoing insect decline. Given the urgency of the insect decline, our results highlight the need to reconsider the mass usage of neonicotinoids to preserve freshwater insects as well as the life and services depending on them.Environmental Biolog

Therapist alliance building behavior and treatment adherence for dutch children with mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning and externalizing problem behavior

BACKGROUND: Psychological interventions targeting children with mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning (MID-BIF) are suggested to be effective in reducing their externalizing problem behavior, but less is known about the specific treatment processes that may be associated with these effects. AIMS: The current study investigated whether the treatment processes of observed treatment adherence (i.e., the degree to which a therapist sticks to the protocol of a treatment and provides the treatment as intended) and observed therapist alliance-building behavior (TA-BB; i.e., behavior contributing to the affective bond between the therapist and the client) predicted treatment outcomes in a group behavioral parent training combined with group child cognitive behavior therapy targeting externalizing problem behavior in children with MID-BIF. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Seventy-two children (aged 9-18; Mage = 12.1) and their parents in The Netherlands received the intervention program. They reported on children's externalizing behavior, parenting practices and the parent-child relationship by questionnaires at pre-test and post-test, and the observed treatment processes were coded by audio tapes of therapeutic sessions. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: The results showed high levels of both treatment adherence (M = 2.49; SD = 0.20; range 1 - 3) and TA-BB (M = 4.11; SD = 0.32; range 1 - 5). Additionally, repeated measures analyses revealed that levels of treatment adherence significantly predicted the improvement of the parent-child relationship (F(1, 66) = 5.37; p = .024) and that levels of TA-BB significantly predicted the decrease of parent reported externalizing problem behavior (F(1, 66) = 9.89; p = .002). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The current study suggested that optimal treatment processes are important for treatment outcomes in an intervention targeting children with MID-BIF

Ejecta and progenitor of the low-luminosity Type IIP supernova 2003Z

The origin of low-luminosity Type IIP supernovae is unclear: they have been proposed to originate either from massive (about 25 Msun) or low-mass (about 9 Msun) stars. We wish to determine parameters of the low-luminosity Type IIP supernova 2003Z, to estimate a mass-loss rate of the presupernova, and to recover a progenitor mass. We compute the hydrodynamic models of the supernova to describe the light curves and the observed expansion velocities. The wind density of the presupernova is estimated using a thin shell model for the interaction with circumstellar matter. We estimate an ejecta mass of 14 Msun, an explosion energy of 2.45x10^50 erg, a presupernova radius of 229 Rsun, and a radioactive Ni-56 amount of 0.0063 Msun. The upper limit of the wind density parameter in the presupernova vicinity is 10^13 g/cm, and the mass lost at the red/yellow supergiant stage is less than 0.6 Msun assuming the constant mass-loss rate. The estimated progenitor mass is in the range of 14.4-17.4 Msun. The presupernova of SN 2003Z was probably a yellow supergiant at the time of the explosion. The progenitor mass of SN 2003Z is lower than those of SN 1987A and SN 1999em, normal Type IIP supernovae, but higher than the lower limit of stars undergoing a core collapse. We propose an observational test based on the circumstellar interaction to discriminate between the massive (about 25 Msun) and moderate-mass (about 16 Msun) scenarios.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics; one reference remove

Spatiotemporal dynamics of cortical representations during and after stimulus presentation

Visual perception is a spatiotemporally complex process. In this study, we investigated cortical dynamics during and after stimulus presentation. We observed that visual category information related to the difference between faces and objects became apparent in the occipital lobe after 63 ms. Within the next 110 ms, activation spread out to include the temporal lobe before returning to residing mainly in the occipital lobe again. After stimulus offset, a peak in information was observed, comparable to the peak after stimulus onset. Moreover, similar processes, albeit not identical, seemed to underlie both peaks. Information about the categorical identity of the stimulus remained present until 677 ms after stimulus offset, during which period the stimulus had to be retained in working memory. Activation patterns initially resembled those observed during stimulus presentation. After about 200 ms, however, this representation changed and class-specific activity became more equally distributed over the four lobes. These results show that, although there are common processes underlying stimulus representation both during and after stimulus presentation, these representations change depending on the specific stage of perception and maintenance. </p