Chronic Energy Deficiency, Anemia as a Risk Factor for Low Birth Weight Babies in East Nusa Tenggara

Background:  Low birth weight (LBW) among infants is one cause of neonatal and infant mortality. The Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (SDKI, 2012) indicated that the neonatal mortality rate in Nusa Tenggara Timur was as high as 26/1000 KH, 15% of which were caused by low birth weight. This study seeks tounderstand the relationship between risks to CED, anemia on the incidence of LBW in the district of Ende. Method: This study design was a case control with a total of 156 respondents in the district of Ende, 2015.Case studies were mothers giving birth to infant weighing < 2500 gram and case control was 78 mothers having infants of normal weight ≥ 2500 gram. Data was obtained from mother’s clinic examination cards, ANC records and indepth interviews. Data was analysed using bivariate (chi square) analysis and multivariate using logistic regression.  Result: Study indicates that the risk factors for LBW in infants include  age of mother<20 or ≥35 years with adjusted OR (AOR)=6.8 (95% CI: 1.87 to 25.0), birth spacing <2 years OR 6.5 (95% CI: 1, 78 to 24.2), CED with AOR=5,3(95%CI:1,38-21,0),maternal occupation OR of 4.6 (95% CI: 1, 44 to 14.9), anemia with AOR=4,2(95%CI:1,37-13,1),presence of concomitant diseases such as malaria OR 3.9 (95% CI: 1.21 to 12.7) and low quality of antenatal care OR 3.5 (95% CI: 1.11 to 11.3). Conclusion: Age of mother<20 or ≥35 years,birth spacing <2 years, CED,maternal occupation, anemia,  presence of concomitant diseases such as malaria and low quality of antenatal care are risk factors for LBW in the District of Ende

KORELASI FAKTOR DEMOGRAFI LANSIA DENGAN KECEMASAN KEJADIAN COVID-19 DI KECAMATAN ENDE TENGAH KABUPATEN ENDE PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR

Health services during the pandemic have faced many challenges with the increase in COVID-19 cases among the elderly. The high number of cases has a negative impact on the mental health of the elderly. The anxiety about the incidence of COVID-19 is a mental health problem for the elderly. Efforts to overcome anxiety can have a positive impact on improving health and quality of life. This study aims to determine the correlation of demographic factors of the elderly with the quality and anxiety of covid-19 events. The research method used was correlational with a sample of 100 respondents and sampling was carried out by consecutive sampling from February 2022 to May 2022. Data analysis using spearman test. The results of the study obtained the correlation value of respondents' demographic factors with anxiety of COVID-19 events, namely the value of p = 0.019 (age factor), p = 0.019 (sex factor), p = 0.019 (education level), p = 0.019 (marital status) and p = 0.019 (employment status). From these results, the p value of > 0.05 indicates the absence of a relationship between demographic factors (age, gender, education level, marital status, and occupation) of respondents with anxiety of COVID-19 events. The correlation values obtained from age factors -0.035, sex -0.017, marital status -0.055, and occupation -0.118. Demographic factors have a very weak strength of relationships with negative correlations. The conclusion that it is important to always provide physical, emotional and psychological support for the elderly without looking at the demographic aspects and characteristics of the elderly and recommendations for the elderly to do positive things related to physical and mental health so that the quality of life of the elderly is increasing.Pelayanan kesehatan di masa pandemi meninmbulkan banyak tantangan dengan meningkatnya kasus COVID-19 di kalangan lansia. Tingginya jumlah kasus berdampak negatif pada kesehatan mental lansia. Adanya kecemasan akan kejadian COVID-19 menjadi masalah kesehatan mental lansia. Upaya mengatasi kecemasan dapat memberikan dampak positif terhadap peningkatan kesehatan dan kualitas hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi faktor demografi lansia dengan kualitas dan kecemasan kejadian COVID-19. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu korelasional dengan sampel sebanyak 100 responden dan pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara consecutive sampling dari Februari 2022 sampai Mei 2022. Analisis data menggunakan spearman test. Hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai korelasi faktor demografi responden dengan kecemasan kejadian COVID-19 yaitu nilai p = 0,019 (faktor usia), p = 0,019 (faktor jenis kelamin), p = 0,019 (tingkat pendidikan), p = 0,019 (status pernikahan) dan p = 0,019 (status pekerjaan). Dari hasil tersebut nilai p > 0,05 menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan antara faktor demografi (usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, status pernikahan, dan pekerjaan) responden dengan kecemasan kejadian COVID-19. Nilai korelasi yang didapatkan dari faktor usia -0,035, jenis kelamin -0,017, status pernikahan -0,055, dan pekerjaan -0,118. Faktor demografi memiliki kekuatan hubungan yang sangat lemah dengan korelasi negatif. Kesimpulan bahwa penting untuk selalu memberikan dukungan fisik, emosional dan psikologis bagi lansia tanpa melihat aspek demografi dan karakteristik lansia serta anjuran untuk lansia untuk melakukan hal-hal positif terkait kesehatan fisik dan mental sehingga kualitas hidup lansia pun semakin meningkat

Hubungan Kecemasan Kejadian COVID-19 dengan Kualitas Hidup Lansia di Kecamatan Ende Tengah Kabupaten Ende, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur

The increase in COVID-19 cases in the elderly presents many challenges in the field of health services during the current pandemic The high number of cases has a bad impact on mental health in the elderly. Anxiety is a first-order mental health problem in the elderly. Efforts to deal with anxiety experienced during this pandemic have a very positive effect on improving health and providing a better quality of life. This study aims to determine the relationship between the anxiety of covid-19 events and the quality of life of the elderly. The research method used a descriptive cross-sectional study design with a total sample of 100 respondents with sampling carried out a consecutive sampling from February 2022 to May 2022. Bivariate data analysis using spearman test. The results showed that the relationship between respondents' anxiety about the incidence of COVID-19 and quality of life obtained a p-value = 0.019 meaning that there was a significant relationship between respondents' anxiety and quality of life. The result of a correlation value of -0.234 has a weak relationship strength with a negative correlation which means that the fewer anxiety respondents have about the incidence of COVID-19, the better their quality of life and vice versa. It can be concluded that the importance of the role in providing physical, emotional, and psychological support to the elderly as well as recommendations for physical activity so that in the end it can have a positive effect on changes in their quality of life.Peningkatan kasus COVID-19 pada lansia memberikan banyak tantangan dalam bidang pelayanan kesehatan di masa pandemi saat ini Tingginya jumlah kasus membawa dampak buruk bagi kesehatan mental pada lansia. Kecemasan merupakan masalah kesehatan mental urutan pertama pada lansia. Upaya penanganan kecemasan yang dialami pada masa pandemi ini sangat memiliki efek positif dalam peningkatan kesehatan serta memberikan kualitas hidup yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan kecemasan kejadian COVID-19 dengan kualitas hidup lansia. Metode penelitian menggunakan rancangan descriptive cross-sectional study dengan jumlah sampel 100 responden dengan penarikan sampel dilakukan secara consecutive sampling dari bulan Februari 2022 hingga Mei 2022. Analisis data bivariat menggunakan spearman test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hubungan kecemasan responden tentang kejadian COVID-19 dengan kualitas hidup (quality of life) diperoleh p value=0.019 artinya terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kecemasan responden dengan kualitas hidup. Hasil nilai korelasi sebesar -0.234 memiliki kekuatan hubungan yang lemah dengan korelasi negatif yang berarti semakin berkurang kecemasan responden tentang kejadian COVID-19 maka semakin meningkat kualitas hidupnya begitupun sebaliknya. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pentingnya peran dalam memberikan dukungan fisik, emosional, dan psikologis kepada lansia serta anjuran untuk aktifitas fisik sehingga pada akhirnya dapat berpengaruh positif terhadap perubahan kualitas hidup mereka

Efektifitas Pendidikan Kesehatan Metode Peer Group terhadap Peningkatan Pengetahuan dan Perilaku SADARI Remaja Putri

Abstract: Introduction: Independent breast examination is an effort to detect breast cancer early which is  often recommended  to every woman. The problem that is happening now is that people's knowledge about SADARI is still lacking. The aim of the  study  was  to  determine  the  effectiveness  of  the  Peer Group Method Health Education towards breast cancer prevention in young women at SMAK St. Thomas Morus, Ende District. Methods: This study used a true experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design. Respondents were determined by simple random sampling divided into two groups consisting of 30 people as the treatment group and 30 people as  the control  group. Results: There is a significant difference between the knowledge and behavior of young women before and after being given health education using the Peer Group method (T test: 0.000). Negative t value -3.548 means that the average knowledge and behavior before being given health education is lower than that after being given health education. Conclusion: the peer group method (peer educators) is considered very effective in providing health education to young women about BSE. So that peer educators are expected to be an alternative in health promotion that is more  effective  in  delivering  health  messages,  especially to adolescents.   Abstrak: Pendahuluan: Pemeriksaan payudara secara mandiri merupakan  upaya  mendeteksi  dini  kanker  payudara  yang sering dianjurkan kepada setiap wanita. Permasalahan yang terjadi saat ini adalah pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai SaDaRi masih kurang. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui Efektifitas  Pendidikan  Kesehatan  Metode  Peer  Group terhadap pencegahan kanker payudara pada Remaja Putri di SMAK St. Thomas Morus Kabupaten Ende. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan True eksperimental dengan Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. Responden ditentukan dengan Simple Random Sampling dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yang terdiri dari 30 orang sebagai kelompok perlakuan dan 30 orang sebagai  kelompok  kontrol.  Hasil:  Terdapat  perbedaan signifikan antara pengetahuan dan perilaku remaja putri sebelum dan sesudah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan dengan metode  Peer  Group  (T-test:0,000).  Nilai  t-hitung  negatif  - 13,548 artinya rata rata pengetahuan dan perilaku sebelum diberikan pendidikan kesehatan lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan sesudah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan. Kesimpulan: metode  peer  group  (pendidik  sebaya)  dinilai  sangat  efektif untuk memberikan pendidikan kesehatan kepada remaja putri tentang    SADARI.   Sehingga   pendidik   sebaya   diharapkan menjadi salah satu alternatif dalam promosi kesehatan yang lebih efektif dalam penyampaian pesan kesehatan khususnya pada remaja

PENTINGNYA PENINGKATAN KETRAMPILAN TENAGA KESEHATAN DALAM PREVENTION MOTHER TO CHILD TRANSMITION HIV, SIFILIS, HEP. B PADA IBU HAMIL DI PUSKESMAS KOTA ENDE

HIV, Syphilis and Hepatitis B infections are infectious diseases that are still a health problem in the world, including in Indonesia. The incidence of mother-to-child transmission ranks 5th highest in Asia. HIV transmission from mother to child is 20-45%, Syphilis transmission from mother to child is 69-80% and Hepatitis B transmission from pregnant women to children is 90-95% (Kemenkes RI, 2014). Only 50% of pregnant women are willing to do an examination or test at the initial Antenatal visit while more pregnant women are known to be positive for viral infections in the final trimester which affects the implementation of treatment (Kesga Division of the Ende District Health Office, 2019). The Objectives to analyse the perception of pregnant women about the role of midwives in the success of the PMTCT-HIV, Syphilis, Hepatitis B program for pregnant women at the Ende Regency Health Center. Methods: using a quantitative design method with a correlational analytic approach. The technique for determining respondents used purposive sampling method. The research sample was first trimester pregnant women who checked themselves at the Ende City Health Center from June to August 2021. The sampling technique used the Slovin formula which amounted to 50 respondents. Data were collected from pregnant women's examination cards, MCH books and interviews with respondents. Data processing used the Spearman Rank correlation test with the help of the SPSS for windows 19.00 program. The results of the Spearman Rank variable test of the role of midwives as communicators, motivators, facilitators and counsellors do not have a significant relationship to the success of the PMTCT-HIV, Syphilis, Hepatitis B Program with a value (p-value <0.05), namely 0.656 for the p-value of the role variable as a counsellor, 0.629 for the p-value of the role variable as a motivator, 0.580 p-value for the role variable as a communicator and 0.445 for the p-value of the midwife's role variable as a facilitator. As for the direction of the relationship between the four variables, it has a unidirectional nature according to the positive value of the Corelation Coefficient, and for the level of relationship between the four variables, namely the variable role of midwives as counsellors and motivators has a strong level of relationship (0.656) and (0629), the variable role of midwives as communicators and facilitators has a moderate level of relationship (0.580) and (0.445). Conclusion is necessary to maximize the success of the PMTCT program, including counsellor training for all health workers, especially midwives, the availability of facilities and infrastructure to support activities and counselling efforts in a sustainable, integrated and integrated manner supported by the ability of midwives to manage health programs to improve knowledge and health behaviour in pregnant women

PEMANFAATAN BOOKLET KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI REMAJA PUTRI DI SMP 1 NEGERI I NDONA KABUPATEN ENDE

This community service aims to empower young women to prevent early reproductive health problems. The methods used in this community service activity are screening, lecture, discussion, simulation and practice. While the stages of problem solving are field observation, problem identification, solution offerings, activity design, implementation, evaluation and monitoring and integration. The results of these activities are age over 14 years (50.0%), menstrual periods up to 4 days (35.5%), changing pads two to 3 times per day (78.9%), height 140 to 150 cm (50.00 %), body weight of 30 to 45 kg (81.6%), the color of milk white mucus (81.6%), the amount of mucus that comes out is small (63.2%) and itching in the genital area is felt occasionally (68.4%). The implementation of community service is expected to produce an outcome in the form of the results of activities in an accredited journal with ISSN

Prevalence and risk factors of low birth weight in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is a public health problem and is one of the causes of neonatal death in Indonesia. The Indonesian Demographic Health Survey (IDHS) in 2012 showed that the neonatal mortality rate in East Nusa Tenggara was 26/1000 live births with the most common cause of death being LBW at 10/1000 live birth rates. The profile of the Ende District Health Office in 2014 showed that the neonatal mortality rate was 12/1000 live birth rates, of which 15% were caused by low birth weight.  Purpose: To determine prevalence and risk factors of low birth weight in East Nusa Tenggara, IndonesiaMethod: The study was conducted in six public health centers in Ende Regency, NTT Province. The research design was a case-control with 156 respondents. In the case group the infants who birth weighing <2500 grams as many as 78 while the control group was 78 who gave birth to babies with a normal birth weight of 2500 grams and selected randomly from the birth register in 2015. Data were collected from the examination card of pregnant women, the MCH handbook, and by interviews with each respondent. Data were analyzed bivariate (chi-square) and multivariate using logistic regression. Results: Showed that the risk factors that significantly increased the incidence of low birth weight babies were maternal age with adjusted OR(AOR) = 6.8 (95% CI:1.87-25.0), birth spacing with AOR = 6, 5(95%CI: 1,78-24.2), working mother status with AOR=4,6(95%CI:1,44-14,9), , malaria co-morbidities with AOR=3.9(95 %CI: 1,21-12,7) and the quality of ANC is less with AOR= 3,5 (95% CI: 1,11-11,3). Conclusion: Age < 20 or 35 years, birth spacing, maternal occupation, malaria comorbidities and poor quality of antenatal care are risk factors for the occurrence of low birth weight in Ende Regency.

Pemberdayaan Peer Group Remaja Putri untuk Deteksi Dini Kanker Payudara melalui Pemeriksaan Sadari di Smak St.Petrus Kecamatan Ende Timur Kabupaten Ende

ABSTRAK Pemeriksaan payudara secara mandiri merupakan upaya mendeteksi dini kanker payudara. Data Profil Dinas Kesehatan  Propinsi NTT  tahun 2017 tercatat cakupan deteksi dini kanker leher rahim dan kanker payudara oleh Puskesmas di wilayah  Kerja Propinsi NTT sangat rendah Permasalahan yang terjadi saat ini adalah pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai SADARI masih kurang begitupun pada remaja putri, pelatihan dan sosialisasi tentang kesehatan reproduksi terutama kepada kalangan remaja,terkait SADARI masih kurang dari puskesmas, Sehingga membutuhkan pendekatan edukasi yang lebih efektif salah satunya melalui pendidikan teman sebaya (peer group) yakni salah satu bentuk kegiatan dari program PKPR (Pelayanan Kesehatan Peduli Remaja). dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pemberdayaan remaja putri melalui peer grup dalam mendetteksi dini kanker payudara melalui pemeriksaan SADARI (Pemeriksaan Payudara Sendiri) di SMAK St. Petrus Kecamatan Ende Timur Kabupaten Ende. Yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah penyuluhan, pelatihan SADARI dan dilanjutkan dengan diskusi. Penyuluhan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa tentang pencegahan penyakit kanker payudara. Materi penyuluhan yang diberikan mencakup materi tentang pengertian penyakit kanker payudara, faktor risiko dan penyebab penyakit kanker payudara, akibat penyakit kanker payudara dan pencegahan penyakit kanker payudara serta prosedur pemeriksaan SADARI. Diskusi dilakukan setelah pemberian materi selesai dilaksanakan. Peserta bertanya tentang materi yang belum dipahami tentang penyakit kanker payudara dan pemeriksaan SADARI. Hasil pengukuran pre dan post tes didapatkan bahwa rata- rata pemahaman sebelum diberikan materi dan pelatihan sebesar 48,18 sedangkan rata-rata pemahaman sesudah diberikan materi dan pelatihan sebesar 71,82. Penyuluhan terbukti efektif meningkatkan pemahaman tentang pencegahan penyakit kanker payudara pada siswa. Siswa juga sangat antusias terhadap materi karena mendapatkan ilmu yang baru. Oleh karena itu perlu ditingkatkan kegiatan sosialisasi dan pelatihan kepada kepala remaja khususnya siswa tentang pencegahan dini kanker payudara dengan melakukan pemeriksaan SADARI sehingga dapat meningkatkan pemberdayaan dan peran remaja putri dalam  mencegah kanker payudara. Kata Kunci: Pemberdayaan, Remaja Putri, Kanker Payudara, SADARI  ABSTRACT Breast self-examination is an effort to detect breast cancer early. Data from the Profile of the NTT Provincial Health Office in 2017 noted that the coverage of early detection of cervical cancer and breast cancer by the Puskesmas in the NTT Province Work area is very low. especially for teenagers, related to BSE is still lacking from puskesmas, so it requires a more effective educational approach, one of which is through peer group education, which is one form of activity from the PKPR (Adolescent Care Health Service) program. The purpose of this activity is to increase the knowledge and empowerment of young women through peer groups in early detection of breast cancer through the BSE examination (Breast Self-Examination) at SMAK St. Petrus, East Ende District, Ende Regency. In this meeting we used counseling, BSE training and continued with discussion. Counseling is expected to increase students' knowledge about breast cancer prevention. The counseling material provided includes material on the definition of breast cancer, risk factors and causes of breast cancer, the effects of breast cancer and prevention of breast cancer as well as BSE examination procedures. Discussions are carried out after the presentation of the material has been completed. Participants asked about materials that were not understood about breast cancer and BSE examinations. The results of the pre and post test measurements showed that the average understanding before being given the material and training was 48.18 while the average understanding after being given the material and training was 71.82. Counseling is proven to be effective in increasing students' understanding of breast cancer prevention. Students are also very enthusiastic about the material because they get new knowledge. Therefore, it is necessary to increase socialization and training activities for adolescent heads, especially students about early prevention of breast cancer by conducting BSE examinations so that they can increase the empowerment and role of young women in preventing breast cancer. Keywords: Empowerment, Young Women, Breast Cancer, BS

Pemberdayaan Akseptor Dan Kader Mengenal Efek Samping Kontrasepsi Hormonal Di Pustu Tanjung Kabupaten Ende

ABSTRAK Peserta KB aktif dan akseptor KB baru di kabupaten Ende 53,2 %, lebih memilih menggunakan alat kontrasepsi hormonal sedangkan pemilihan alat kontrasepsi lain berada dibawah 20%. Alat kontrasepsi suntik yang paling banyak digunakan, berikutnya implant dan pil. Akseptor yang mengalami efek samping kenaikan berat badan dan hipertensi 32 orang (11,03%), dan akseptor terbanyak berada di Puskesmas pembantu Tanjung. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah pemberdayaan akseptor dan kader kesehatan mengenal efek samping penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal, dimana sasarannya adalah kader dan akseptor. Metode yang digunakan adalah screening,ceramah, diskusi, simulasi dan praktikum oleh khalayak sasaran. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat menunjukan semua akseptor memiliki pengetahuan baik (83,33%) pada pretest sedangkan posttest (100%) namun belum tahu tentang lama penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal baik secara suntik, implant dan pil. Keterampilan yang dicapai adalah semua kader dan akseptor 28 orang (100%) dapat mengukur tinggi badan, menimbang berat badan, dan mengukur tekanan darah. Diharapkan pengamatan yang intensif dari bidan Pustu Tanjung dan dapat diperdaya oleh kader KB untuk membantu mengawasi efek samping kontrasepsi hormonal. Kunci : Pemberdayaan akseptor dan kader, efek samping kontrasepsi hormonal.                                    ABSTRACT 53.2% of active family planning participants and new family planning acceptors in the Ende district prefer to use hormonal contraceptives while the choice of other contraceptives is below 20%. The most widely used injectable contraceptives are implants and pills. There were 32 acceptors who experienced side effects of weight gain and hypertension (11.03%), and the most acceptors were in the Tanjung auxiliary health center. Research in Kumasi sub-district, Ghana, India, because some acceptors experienced long and heavy menstruation, spotting, no menstruation, and vaginal discharge so they were afraid of modern contraceptive methods (Kimberly Daniels, 2015). The aim of this community service is to empower acceptors and health cadres to recognize the side effects of using hormonal contraceptives, where the targets are cadres and acceptors. The methods used are screening, lectures, discussions, simulations, and practicum by the target audience. The results of community service show that all acceptors have good knowledge (83.33%) at pretest while posttest (100%), but they do not know about the length of time using hormonal contraceptives both by injection, implant, and pill. The skill achieved is that all 28 cadres and acceptors (100%) can measure height, weight body weight, and measure blood pressure. It is hoped that intensive observation from the midwife of Pustu Tanjung and the family planning cadres can help to monitor the side effects of hormonal contraception. Keywords:  Empowerment of acceptors and cadres, side effects of hormonal contraception