5,557 research outputs found
The Algebraic Structure of the Color Calogero-Sutherland Models
We extend the study on the algebraic structure of the color
Calogero-Sutherland models to the case of color CS model and show
that the generators of the super-Yangian can be obtained from two
loop algebras. Also, a super algebra for the SUSY CS
model is constructed.Comment: LaTeX, 13 page
The variation of relative magnetic helicity around major flares
We have investigated the variation of magnetic helicity over a span of
several days around the times of 11 X-class flares which occurred in seven
active regions (NOAA 9672, 10030, 10314, 10486, 10564, 10696, and 10720) using
the magnetograms taken by the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) on board the Solar
and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). As a major result we found that each of
these major flares was preceded by a significant helicity accumulation over a
long period (0.5 to a few days). Another finding is that the helicity
accumulates at a nearly constant rate and then becomes nearly constant before
the flares. This led us to distinguish the helicity variation into two phases:
a phase of monotonically increasing helicity and the following phase of
relatively constant helicity. As expected, the amount of helicity accumulated
shows a modest correlation with time-integrated soft X-ray flux during flares.
However, the average helicity change rate in the first phase shows even
stronger correlation with the time-integrated soft X-ray flux. We discuss the
physical implications of this result and the possibility that this
characteristic helicity variation pattern can be used as an early warning sign
for solar eruptions
Super Yangian Double and Its Gauss Decomposition
We extend Yangian double to super (or graded) case and give its Drinfel'd
generators realization by Gauss decomposition.Comment: 6 pages, Latex, no figure
Super-Yangian Y(gl(1|1)) and Its Oscillator Realization
On the basis of graded RTT formalism,the defining relation of the
super-Yangian Y(gl(1|1)) is derived and its oscillator realization is
constructed.Comment: 7 pages, latex, no figures, to appaer in the International Workshop
on Frontiers in Quantum Field Theory,Urumqi,11-18,Augast,199
The Localization of -Wave and Quantum Effective Potential of a Quasi-Free Particle with Position-Dependent Mass
The properties of the s-wave for a quasi-free particle with
position-dependent mass(PDM) have been discussed in details. Differed from the
system with constant mass in which the localization of the s-wave for the free
quantum particle around the origin only occurs in two dimensions, the
quasi-free particle with PDM can experience attractive forces in dimensions
except D=1 when its mass function satisfies some conditions. The effective mass
of a particle varying with its position can induce effective interaction which
may be attractive in some cases. The analytical expressions of the
eigenfunctions and the corresponding probability densities for the s-waves of
the two- and three-dimensional systems with a special PDM are given, and the
existences of localization around the origin for these systems are shown.Comment: 12pages, 8 figure
The Integration of Nanomedicine with Traditional Chinese Medicine: Drug Delivery of Natural Products and Other Opportunities
The integration of progressive technologies such as nanomedicine with the use of natural products from traditional medicine (TM) provides a unique opportunity for the longed-for harmonization between traditional and modern medicine. Although several actions have been initiated decades ago, a disparity of reasons including some misunderstandings between each other limits the possibilities of a truly complementation. Herein, we analyze some common challenges between nanomedicine and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). These challenges, if solved in a consensual way, can give a boost to such harmonization. Nanomedicine is a recently born technology, while TCM has been used by the Chinese people for thousands of years. However, for these disciplines, the regulation and standardization of many of the protocols, especially related to the toxicity and safety, regulatory aspects, and manufacturing procedures, are under discussion. Besides, both TCM and nanomedicine still need to achieve a wider social acceptance. Herein, we first briefly discuss the strengths and weaknesses of TCM. This analysis serves to focus afterward on the aspects where TCM and nanomedicine can mutually help to bridge the existing gaps between TCM and Western modern medicine. As discussed, many of these challenges can be applied to TM in general. Finally, recent successful cases in scientific literature that merge TCM and nanomedicine are reviewed as examples of the benefits of this harmonization
The effects of water and microstructure on the performance of polymer electrolyte fuel cells
n this paper, we present a comprehensive non-isothermal, one-dimensional model of the cathode side of a Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell. We explicitly include the catalyst layer, gas diffusion layer and the membrane. The catalyst layer and gas diffusion layer are characterized by several measurable microstructural parameters. We model all three phases of water, with a view to capturing the effect that each has on the performance of the cell. A comparison with experiment is presented, demonstrating excellent agreement, particularly with regard to the effects of water activity in the channels and how it impacts flooding and membrane hydration. We present several results pertaining to the effects of water on the current density (or cell voltage), demonstrating the role of micro-structure, liquid water removal from the channel, water activity, membrane and gas diffusion layer thickness and channel temperature. These results provide an indication of the changes that are required to achieve optimal performance through improved water management and MEA-component design. Moreover, with its level of detail, the model we develop forms an excellent basis for a multi-dimensional model of the entire membrane electrode assembly
Evidence for the immobile bipolaron formation in the paramagnetic state of the magnetoresistive manganites
Recent research suggests that the charge carriers in the paramagnetic state
of the magnetoresistive manganites are small polarons. Here we report studies
of the oxygen-isotope effects on the intrinsic resistivity and thermoelectric
power in several ferromagnetic manganites. The precise measurements of these
isotope effects allow us to make a quantitative data analysis. Our results do
not support a simple small-polaron model, but rather provide compelling
evidence for the presence of small immobile bipolarons, i.e., pairs of small
polarons. Since the bipolarons in the manganites are immobile, the present
result alone appears not to give a positive support to the bipolaronic
superconductivity theory for the copper-based perovskites.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, monor correction
A role of periaqueductal grey NR2B-containing NMDA receptor in mediating persistent inflammatory pain
The midbrain periaqueductal grey (PAG) is a structure known for its roles in pain transmission and modulation. Noxious stimuli potentiate the glutamate synaptic transmission and enhance glutamate NMDA receptor expression in the PAG. However, little is known about roles of NMDA receptor subunits in the PAG in processing the persistent inflammatory pain. The present study was undertaken to investigate NR2A- and NR2B-containing NMDA receptors in the PAG and their modulation to the peripheral painful inflammation. Noxious stimuli induced by hind-paw injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) caused up-regulation of NR2B-containing NMDA receptors in the PAG, while NR2A-containing NMDA receptors were not altered. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed that NMDA receptor mediated mEPSCs were increased significantly in the PAG synapse during the chronic phases of inflammatory pain in mice. PAG local infusion of Ro 25-6981, an NR2B antagonist, notably prolonged the paw withdrawal latency to thermal radian heat stimuli bilaterally in rats. Hyperoside (Hyp), one of the flavonoids compound isolated from Rhododendron ponticum L., significantly reversed up-regulation of NR2B-containing NMDA receptors in the PAG and exhibited analgesic activities against persistent inflammatory stimuli in mice. Our findings provide strong evidence that up-regulation of NR2B-containing NMDA receptors in the PAG involves in the modulation to the peripheral persistent inflammatory pain
Double-exchange is not the cause of ferromagnetism in doped manganites
The coexistence of ferromagnetism and metallic conduction in doped manganites
has long been explained by a double-exchange model in which the ferromagnetic
exchange arises from the carrier hopping. We evaluate the zero-temperature spin
stiffness D(0) and the Curie temperature T_{C} on the basis of the
double-exchange model using the measured values of the bare bandwidth W and the
Hund's rule coupling J_{H}. The calculated D(0) and T_{C} values are too small
compared with the observed ones even in the absence of interactions. A
realistic onsite interorbital Coulomb repulsion can reduce D(0) substantially
in the case of a 2-orbital model. Furthermore, experiment shows that D(0) is
simply proportional to x in La_{1-x}Sr_{x}MnO_{3} system, independent of
whether the ground state is a ferromagnetic insulator or metal. These results
strongly suggest that the ferromagnetism in manganites does not originate from
the double-exchange interaction. On the other hand, an alternative model based
on the d-p exchange can semi-quantitatively explain the ferromagnetism of doped
manganites at low temperatures.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, some modifications in scientific content
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