Semantics of "Verse" in the Qur'an in the light of the Syntagmatic and Paradigmatic Relations

One of the most frequent words of the Holy Qur'an is "Verse", whose association with various vocabularies has provided a very broad semantic field for the term. Therefore understanding the conceptual scope and thus the precise explanation of its semantic domain is indispensable in order to properly understand the Divine Viewpoint. This paper with an analytical-descriptive method and in the light of the Syntagmatic and Paradigmatic relations studies the semantic domain of "verse" in the semantic system of the Qur'an, and explains the semantic differences in the conjunctive fields and also the assessment of different semantic relations; and has concluded that in the discourse of the Qur'an, the "verse" is used to express the relation between sign and meaning, the sign that is sometimes used in genetic affairs, sometimes in religious affairs, and in tangibles  and Intangibles affairs, and its purpose is to pay attention to some matters including materiality and spirituality for the sake of peace and security. The semantics of the verse with regard to Syntagmatic and Paradigmatic relations as well as lexical proofs, which support the semantic findings, indicate that the divine verses are a sign of attaining guidance, thanks, piety, science, certainty, thought , remembrance and .... In fact, God has revealed His genetic and religious verses to man with the purpose of providing a foundation for faith, which ultimately leads to peace and security

Effects of Environmental Factors on the Growth, Optical Density and Biomass of the Green Algae Chlorella Vulgaris in Outdoor Conditions

Effect of environmental factors on the growth of the Chlorella vulgaris was studied. C. vulgaris was  cultivated in sterilized natural seawater enriched with F/2-Si medium. Then grow in bucket, tub and photobioreactor (PBR) in outdoor condition. The daily routine work consisted of culture checkups of optical density, biomass gains, atmosphere lux, culture lux, atmosphere temperature and culture temperature  were recorded. The highest biomass yields were (3.0 μg/ml-1) in December and (2.01 μg/ml-1) in November in PBR. The highest deviation was in atmosphere lux in time 8:30 (± 117.7) and lowest  deviation was in atmosphere temperature in time 15:00 (± 1.0499). Optical density (OD) indicated that the best growth of C. vulgaris in outdoor condition was obtained in 650 lux and also it increased with increasing amount of lux. Tub report of C. vulgaris showed different growing behaviors at the various concentration of light and at the different temperatures. Algal production in outdoor PBR is relatively inexpensive, but is only suitable for a few, fast-growing specie. Finally, this fact is noteworthy that in outdoor conditions, temperature and light have important role in growth of C. vulgaris in present study.  ©JASEMKeywords: Chlorella vulgaris, Biomass, Photobioreactor, Growth

Factor structure and invariance of the pain catastrophizing scale in patients with chronic pain and their spouses

PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate the equivalency and factor structure of the patients and significant others' version of pain catastrophizing scales in patients with chronic pain and their spouses who are not in pain. METHOD: Participants were 142 married couples in which 1 spouse reported chronic musculoskeletal pain. Confirmatory factor analyses were used to compare 4 models of pain catastrophizing, and to examine the invariance of the factor structure of the PCS-Patient version and the PCS-Significant other version in patients with chronic pain and their spouses. RESULTS: The results indicated that the 2-factor oblique model provided an adequate fit to the data of both patients with chronic pain and their spouses who are not in pain. Moreover, it was found that when gender was controlled, the hypothesized factor structures of the PCS-patient version and the PCS-Significant other version were invariant. Indeed, it was revealed that the PCS-Patient version and the PCS-Significant other version measure the same factors in couples in which 1 of them have a chronic pain condition. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the current study showed that the 2-factor oblique model is the best fit in both samples (i.e., patients with chronic pain and their spouses). Therefore, it can be suggested that these versions can be used among patients and their spouses and the findings regarding them can be compared. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)

P63 marker Expression in Usual Skin Cancers Compared With Non Tumoral Skin Lesions

Background: Non-melanoma skin cancers including basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are the most common malignant diseases in human. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of the P63 marker in common skin cancers and non-tumoral skin lesions and compared the difference between them. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, sampling was performed from the archive of sample blocks from patients admitted in Shahid Mohammadi Hospital during 2010-2011. Sixty samples (including 30 samples of non-tumoral skin lesions and 30 samples including basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma) were studied. The evaluation of p63 gene expression was performed using immunohistochemistry method. Student’s T-test and Chi-square test were used for analysis of the data. Results: P63 gene were expressed in 4 cases (13.33 %) of non_tumoral lesions and all tumoral lesions (100%). In tumoral lesions, 5 cases (16.66 %) showed 1+ severity expression, 11 cases (36.66%) 2+severity expression and 14 cases (46.66 %) 3+severity expression. All 4 non-tumoral lesions showed 1+severity expression of P63gene. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the frequency and severity of gene expression of P63 could be used for differentiation between basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma as well as non-tumoral skin lesions

Comparison the efficiency of Fenton and Photo–fenton processes for the removal of Reactive red 198 Dye from the aqueous solution

The textile industry produces a large amount of polluted effluents discharged into the environment. Therefore, this research was carried out to compare the efficiency of removal of Reactive red 198 (RR–198) dye by fenton and photo–fenton processes and determine the optimal conditions for maximum removal. This study was conducted on a laboratory scale. The effect of influential parameters, including pH (3–9), Fe(II) concentration (10–200mg/L), H2O2 concentration (25–150mg/L), dye concentration (50–200mg/L) and reaction time (15–90min.) on dye removal was investigated and the optimal conditions were determined according to the maximum dye removal efficiency. The results indicated that the dye removal rate increased as the pH and Fe(II) concentration decreased. The optimal conditions for RR–198 removals from the aqueous solution are pH of 3, Fe (II) concentration of 10mg/L, H2O2 concentration of 50mg/L, the initial dye concentration of 50mg/L, and the reaction time of 15min.. The maximum dye removal efficiency under optimal conditions was 98.82%. The results of this study revealed that the photo–fenton process was superior to the removal of dye compared to fenton process

The Relationship of Religious Orientation and Spiritual Health to Resilience among High School Sophomores in Kerman

For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Background and Objective: Resilience is one of the issues discussed in health psychology. Numerous studies have focused on factors related to this variable. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of religious orientation and spiritual health in predicting resilience.Method: This study is of descriptive and correlative nature. The statistical population of the research includes all 4611 female students of the second year of high school in Kerman. The sample of 360 students was selected through multistage cluster sampling method. Data collection instruments were religious orientation questionnaire (Allport, 1967), spiritual health questionnaire (Palutzian & Ellison, 1982), and Connor and Davidson’s resilience questionnaire (2003). To analyze the collected data, the statistical indices which are mean and standard deviation along with correlation and regression were used. In this study, the ethical issues were all considered and the authors declared no conflict of interest.Results: Analysis of data showed that there was a relationship between religious orientation as well as spiritual health and resilience among female students. In this regard, 0.51 and 0.54 of the resilience variance is predictable through internal and external religious orientation, respectively. Moreover, 0.48 and 0.56 of resilience variance is predictable through religious health and existential health, respectively.Conclusion: Considering the obtained results, those hypotheses which are based on the significant relationship of religious orientation and spiritual health to resilience are confirmed. Therefore, attaching importance to religion in educational contexts helps young adults to increase their resilience.For downloading the full-text of this article please click here