Annual survival rate of tropical stingless bee colonies (Meliponini): variation among habitats at the landscape scale in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Stingless social bees live in perennial colonies whose longevity is influenced by various ecological factors. This study analyzed the influence of habitat anthropization and native forest regeneration stage on the longevity of natural colonies at the landscape scale. Random sampling of 25x25m plots, totaling 30ha per habitat type, located and monitored 118 nests of 14 species in the forest and 105 nests of six species in the anthropic habitat. Significant differences in colony longevity were observed between young and long-lived forests  and between long-lived forests and anthropized habitat. Shorter longevities have generally been associated with a set of smaller-bodied species residing in anthropized habitats. The greatest longevities were associated with the three abundant and exclusive forest species, and was similar in the two forest regeneration stages: Melipona scutellaris, Scaptotrigona xanthotricha and Scaptotrigona bipunctata had high annual survival rates ranging from 87% to 93%. Another abundant species in the landscape was Tetragonisca angustula, a small habitat-generalist with short longevity (63%) that varied among habitats. Euclidean distance analysis based on this generalist placed young forest closest to anthropic habitat, and grouped the replicates of long-lived forest. Considering spatial variation in the life history traits, we infer that, among prospective landscape habitats, the Atlantic Forest favors stingless bees with high colonial longevity. On the other hand, generalists, such as T. angustula, with shorter colonial longevity and high reproduction rates are being favored by the expansion of anthropized habitats in place of deforested areas

Permeability of matrices of agricultural crops to Euglossina bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in the Atlantic Rain Forest

International audienceAbstractWe evaluate the permeability of three matrices of arboreal crops for the Euglossina bees that inhabit the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest hotspot. The comparisons of occurrences and abundances within three mosaics of forest and extensive arboreal crops (piassava palm, oil palm, and rubber tree) showed that all the matrices were permeable to most orchid bees. The piassava palm was the most permeable, where the spatial distribution of all species of Euglossina did not differ between forest fragments and matrix. The oil palm has shown some loss of permeability to Eulaema atleticana, while the rubber tree crop was not so permeable to El. atleticana and Euglossa imperialis. Euglossa iopoecila was sampled only in the forest fragments. At the present scale of forest cover in the three studied mosaics (10 to 40 %), the arboreal matrices are contributing towards the functional connectivity in the Atlantic Rain Forest at both scales: the landscape mosaic and the Brazilian Atlantic Forest corridor

Determinação espectrofotométrica de bioativos fenólicos em manga (mangifera indica l) comercializada em governador Mangabeira-Bahia / Spectrophotometric determination of phenolic bioactives in mango (mangifera indica l) commercialized in governador Mangabeira-Bahia

O artigo Determinação espectrofotométrica de bioativos fenólicos em manga Mangifera Indica L.)   comercializada em Governador Mangabeira-Bahia apresenta o resultado do projeto de pesquisa (PIBIC-EM) e descreve a determinação de bioativos fenólicos em manga de diferentes frações e variedades, comercializadas na região de Governador Mangabeira, empregando a espectrofotometria e a quimiometria. Estudos indicam que os polifenóis atuam como antioxidantes na prevenção de doenças cardiovasculares, diabetes tipo II, osteoporose, doenças crônicas e câncer, além de aliviar sintomas como tosse e falta de ar, por regular a função pulmonar. Os resultados para o Teor de Flavonoides Totais (TFC) em mg de QE100g-1DW, variaram de 21±1 a 41±3 e de 46±2 ± 94±2 para a polpa e casca de manga, respectivamente. Os resultados para o Teor de Polifenóis Totais (TPC) variaram de 167±4   a   282 ±2   e de 2013 ± 54 a 2668 ±11 mg de GAE100g-1DW. A ferramenta quimiométrica Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA) possibilitou a discriminação dos dados, relacionando a concentração de fenólicos às diferentes porções das mangas analisadas. Os resultados indicam um alto teor de polifenóis, especialmente nas casacas das amostras analisadas. Assim, há um incentivo do consumo saudável e da bioeconomia regional

Estado nutricional, estilo de vida e consumo alimentar de estudantes de Nutrição de uma universidade pública / Nutritional status, lifestyle and food consumption of Nutrition students at a public university

Objetivos: Avaliar o estado nutricional, estilo de vida e consumo alimentar de estudantes de Nutrição de uma universidade pública. Métodos: Estudo transversal, aninhado à uma coorte prospectiva, envolvendo 131 universitários, adultos, de ambos os sexos. Procedeu-se avaliação antropométrica e da composição corporal, além de coleta de informações referentes ao estilo de vida e consumo alimentar. Os dados foram analisados no programa SPSS versão 13.0 e Epi-Info versão 3.5.4, adotando-se um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: O excesso de peso foi de 11,0% no sexo feminino e de 36,4% no masculino, segundo o índice de massa corporal e o excesso de gordura corporal de 9,2% e 18,2%, respectivamente. A inatividade física foi constatada em 56,5%, a ingestão de bebida alcoólica em 35,1% e o tabagismo em 3,1%. Observou-se um maior consumo alimentar de legumes no sexo feminino (p=0,026) e consumo superior de carne bovina frita (p=0,016) entre os homens. O consumo de carboidratos simples mostrou uma correlação negativa com o índice de massa corporal (rho=-0,37), com a circunferência da cintura (rho=-0,34) e com o percentual de gordura corporal (rho=-0,37), apenas no sexo feminino. Conclusão: Foram evidenciados valores expressivos de excesso de adiposidade corporal, além de predominância de inatividade física, e no sexo masculino, consumo alimentar de risco para doenças cardiovasculares, destacando a importância do acompanhamento desta população, com vistas à prevenção de agravos

A epidemiologia da cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo no Brasil e os principais fatores de risco da cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo: The epidemiology of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in Brazil and the main risk factors for takotsubo cardiomyopathy

A Cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo (CTT) é uma disfunção cardíaca reversível, a qual está relacionada, diretamente, ao estresse físico ou emocional. Objetiva-se através dessa pesquisa evidenciar os principais fatores de risco da CT. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática realizada no motor de busca Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) na base de dados das “Ciências em Saúde em Geral” (Scielo, Medline, Lilacs). Percebeu-se que que a CT apresenta uma ocorrência maior em mulheres na fase de pós-menopausa, onde são atingidas pelo estresse emocional, bem como a inserção de marcapasso também pode desencadear a doença. Entretanto, a etiologia da CT ainda é marcada por controvérsias, mas há concordância acerca do surgimento da CT estar relacionado com a abundância de catecolaminas circulantes

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Heterogeneidade espacial e diversidade de abelhas Meliponini na Mata Atlântica (RPPN da Michelin, Bahia)

Frequently, the stingless bees or Meliponini (Apidae, Hymenoptera) are the most numerous group of floral visitors in the tropical forests, as the Atlantic Rain Forest (ARF). In the ARF, the Meliponini present variation in their diversity at local spatial scale likely associated with differences in vegetation structure and habitat quality. In this study, using honey baits datum, local spatial variation was measured and related to two stages of forest regeneration: intermediate and advanced (or mature forest). Stingless bee diversity (H’) was similar in both forest stages. However, there is spatial variation in species richness with more abundant species (or dominant species) at the intermediate regenerated stage. Response to spatial heterogeneity was also expressed as differential foraging by forest strata, with most bee individuals attracted to honey baits at the higher strata. In contrast, a few stingless bee species likely showed foraging preferences for the low or high forest stratum.Freqüentemente, as abelhas sem ferrão ou meliponíneos (Apidae, Hymenoptera) constituem o grupo mais numeroso de visitantes florais nas florestas tropicais, como a Mata Atlântica (MA). Na MA, a fauna de meliponíneos apresenta variações na diversidade em escala espacial local, provavelmente, associadas às diferenças espaciais na estrutura da vegetação ou na qualidade dos hábitats. Neste estudo, foram realizadas amostras simultâneas, com iscas de mel, em áreas contíguas de floresta em dois estágios de regeneração: intermediário e avançado. A diversidade (H’) foi similar nos dois estágios, porém, observou-se variação na riqueza e maior número de espécies abundantes (ou dominantes) no estágio intermediário de regeneração da floresta. A resposta à heterogeneidade também se expressou na estratificação de forrageio, com maior número de indivíduos atraídos para iscas de mel no estrato superior. Entretanto, poucas espécies parecem ter preferências específicas de forrageio por um ou outro estrato