Additions to neotropical stereoid fungi (Polyporales, Basidiomycota): one new species of Lopharia and one new combination in Phlebiopsis

Stereoid fungi are an artificial group with mostly effused-reflexed to stipitate basidiomata, smooth hymenophore, and hyaline spores. From recent surveys in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, and Cerrado, six specimens of this group had their identity tested with the nrITS and nrLSU sequences. Two of them were nested within the Lopharia s.s. clade and represent a new species L. erubescens, characterized by the dextrinoid reaction of the cystidia, and small basidia and spores. The other four were initially identified as Hjortstamia amethystea, but nested in the Phlebiopsis clade. Thus, we proposed the new combination, Phlebiopsis amethystea. We also provide keys to neotropical Lopharia s.l. and Phlebiopsis s.l. and allied species.The authors would like to thank Diogo Careli dos Santos for the donation of the collection, the Herbário Pe. Camille Torrend (URM) for the loan of the exsiccates, the Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia de Fungos (UFPE, Brazil), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq; grant SISBIOTA (563342/2010-2), PPBio Semi-Árido (457476/2012-5), PROTAX (562106/2010-3), Universal (472792/2011-3), PQ (307601/2015-3)), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pesquisa e Ensino Superior (CAPES; grant Capes-SIU 008/13) and Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco (FACEPE; grant ATP-0021-2.03/18, APQ-0788-2.03/12) for the financial support. CAPES is also acknowledged for the master scholarship of RSC and PhD scholarship of CRSL, and FACEPE for the PhD scholarship of RSC and post-doctorate scholarship of CRSL and VXL. We also would like to thank Nordesta Reforestation & Education for the support in the field work performed at the Biological Reserve of Pedra Talhada. This study was also partially supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of the UID/BIO/04469/2019 unit and the BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020-Programa Operacional Regional do Norte.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Ludo Vegetal: uma nova alternativa para a aprendizagem de Botânica

Didactic games are important educational tools as they allow stimulating students interests in several complex contents, like Botany, for example. In that sense, to make easier botany teaching and learning, it was created a game, called Plant Ludo, which was firstly applied in a graduation class in Biological Sciences, and then, in a high school class. These students, in turn, answered questions showing their opinion about Ludo Vegetal, and their answers indicate that the game had a positive acceptance like a didactic learning tool. Contributions and suggestions given by the graduating students, this first stage of investigation, were important to the next Plant Ludo application stage in the high school class. The game application in this level of education revealed that the students answered correctly a high number of questions in a short time of game and this result was possible due to the rapport and collaboration of the team members during the game. It is considered that the Plant Ludo was efficient in the approach of important Botany contents, and can be considered an alternative didactic resource to the Botany teaching in high school.Jogos didáticos são importantes ferramentas educacionais, pois podem estimular o interesse de estudantes em diversos assuntos considerados complexos, como, por exemplo, a Botânica. Nessa perspectiva, para facilitar o ensino e a aprendizagem do conteúdo de botânica, foi confeccionado um jogo, denominado Ludo Vegetal, o qual foi aplicado inicialmente em uma turma de licenciandos em Ciências Biológicas e, posteriormente, em uma turma de alunos do ensino médio. Estes, por sua vez, responderam perguntas expondo sua opinião sobre o Ludo Vegetal, e suas respostas indicam que o jogo teve aceitação positiva como instrumento didático de ensino. As contribuições e sugestões fornecidas pelos licenciandos, nesse primeiro momento da investigação, foram importantes para a etapa posterior de aplicação do Ludo Vegetal no ensino médio. A aplicação do jogo nesse nível de ensino mostrou que os alunos responderam corretamente um considerável número de perguntas em pouco tempo e que esse resultado foi possível em função do entrosamento e da colaboração dos integrantes das equipes durante a partida. Considera-se que o Ludo Vegetal se mostrou eficiente na abordagem de importantes temáticas da Botânica, podendo ser considerado um recurso didático alternativo para o ensino de Botânica no ensino médio

FungalTraits:A user-friendly traits database of fungi and fungus-like stramenopiles

The cryptic lifestyle of most fungi necessitates molecular identification of the guild in environmental studies. Over the past decades, rapid development and affordability of molecular tools have tremendously improved insights of the fungal diversity in all ecosystems and habitats. Yet, in spite of the progress of molecular methods, knowledge about functional properties of the fungal taxa is vague and interpretation of environmental studies in an ecologically meaningful manner remains challenging. In order to facilitate functional assignments and ecological interpretation of environmental studies we introduce a user friendly traits and character database FungalTraits operating at genus and species hypothesis levels. Combining the information from previous efforts such as FUNGuild and Fun(Fun) together with involvement of expert knowledge, we reannotated 10,210 and 151 fungal and Stramenopila genera, respectively. This resulted in a stand-alone spreadsheet dataset covering 17 lifestyle related traits of fungal and Stramenopila genera, designed for rapid functional assignments of environmental studies. In order to assign the trait states to fungal species hypotheses, the scientific community of experts manually categorised and assigned available trait information to 697,413 fungal ITS sequences. On the basis of those sequences we were able to summarise trait and host information into 92,623 fungal species hypotheses at 1% dissimilarity threshold

Ludo Vegetal: uma nova alternativa para a aprendizagem de Botânica

Didactic games are important educational tools as they allow stimulating students interests in several complex contents, like Botany, for example. In that sense, to make easier botany teaching and learning, it was created a game, called Plant Ludo, which was firstly applied in a graduation class in Biological Sciences, and then, in a high school class. These students, in turn, answered questions showing their opinion about Ludo Vegetal, and their answers indicate that the game had a positive acceptance like a didactic learning tool. Contributions and suggestions given by the graduating students, this first stage of investigation, were important to the next Plant Ludo application stage in the high school class. The game application in this level of education revealed that the students answered correctly a high number of questions in a short time of game and this result was possible due to the rapport and collaboration of the team members during the game. It is considered that the Plant Ludo was efficient in the approach of important Botany contents, and can be considered an alternative didactic resource to the Botany teaching in high school.Jogos didáticos são importantes ferramentas educacionais, pois podem estimular o interesse de estudantes em diversos assuntos considerados complexos, como, por exemplo, a Botânica. Nessa perspectiva, para facilitar o ensino e a aprendizagem do conteúdo de botânica, foi confeccionado um jogo, denominado Ludo Vegetal, o qual foi aplicado inicialmente em uma turma de licenciandos em Ciências Biológicas e, posteriormente, em uma turma de alunos do ensino médio. Estes, por sua vez, responderam perguntas expondo sua opinião sobre o Ludo Vegetal, e suas respostas indicam que o jogo teve aceitação positiva como instrumento didático de ensino. As contribuições e sugestões fornecidas pelos licenciandos, nesse primeiro momento da investigação, foram importantes para a etapa posterior de aplicação do Ludo Vegetal no ensino médio. A aplicação do jogo nesse nível de ensino mostrou que os alunos responderam corretamente um considerável número de perguntas em pouco tempo e que esse resultado foi possível em função do entrosamento e da colaboração dos integrantes das equipes durante a partida. Considera-se que o Ludo Vegetal se mostrou eficiente na abordagem de importantes temáticas da Botânica, podendo ser considerado um recurso didático alternativo para o ensino de Botânica no ensino médio

Diversity of Brazilian Fungi

Abstract Knowledge about the Brazilian fungal diversity was, until 2010, recorded in few taxonomy and ecology publications, as well as in a handful of species lists. With the publication of the Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil and the continued availability of an online list, it has been possible to aggregate this dispersed knowledge. The version presented here adds 2,111 species names to the 3,608 listed in 2010. A total of 5,719 species of fungi distributed in 1,246 genera, 102 orders and 13 phyla represents a considerable increase over the last five years, when only 924 genera and 78 orders were registered. Basidiomycota (2,741 species in 22 orders) and Ascomycota (1,881 species in 41 orders) predominate over other groups. The Atlantic Rainforest has the largest number of records, with 3,017 species, followed by Amazon Rainforest (1,050), Caatinga (999), Cerrado (638) and Pampa and Pantanal with 84 and 35 species, respectively. The Northeast region has the greatest richness (2,617 species), followed by Southeast (2,252), South (1,995), North (1,301) and Central-West (488 species). Regarding the States of the Federation, São Paulo with 1,846 species, Pernambuco with 1,611 and Rio Grande do Sul with 1,377 species are the most diverse

FungalTraits : a user-friendly traits database of fungi and fungus-like stramenopiles

The cryptic lifestyle of most fungi necessitates molecular identification of the guild in environmental studies. Over the past decades, rapid development and affordability of molecular tools have tremendously improved insights of the fungal diversity in all ecosystems and habitats. Yet, in spite of the progress of molecular methods, knowledge about functional properties of the fungal taxa is vague and interpretation of environmental studies in an ecologically meaningful manner remains challenging. In order to facilitate functional assignments and ecological interpretation of environmental studies we introduce a user friendly traits and character database FungalTraits operating at genus and species hypothesis levels. Combining the information from previous efforts such as FUNGuild and FunFun together with involvement of expert knowledge, we reannotated 10,210 and 151 fungal and Stramenopila genera, respectively. This resulted in a stand-alone spreadsheet dataset covering 17 lifestyle related traits of fungal and Stramenopila genera, designed for rapid functional assignments of environmental studies. In order to assign the trait states to fungal species hypotheses, the scientific community of experts manually categorised and assigned available trait information to 697,413 fungal ITS sequences. On the basis of those sequences we were able to summarise trait and host information into 92,623 fungal species hypotheses at 1% dissimilarity threshold.Supplementary Information: Fig. S1. Trait distributions of fungal genera in different fungal phyla.Fig. S2. Trait distributions of Stramenopila genera in different Stramenopila phyla.Fig. S3. Distribution of the ten most common fungal guilds among annotated sequences.Table S1. Traits of genera.Table S2. Traits of sequences.Table S3. Traits of species hypothesis.Table S4. Example dataset for genus-level annotation using the vlookup function in Excel.Table S5. Comparison of workflows and outputs conducted in FunTraits and FUNGuild.Supplementary item 1. List of trait states for genera and sequences.Supplementary item 2. Instructions for annotators of fungal ITS sequences.Estonian Science Foundation, the University of Tartu and the European Regional Development Fund.https://www.springer.com/journal/132252021-11-01hj2021BiochemistryForestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)GeneticsMicrobiology and Plant Patholog