Conservação pós-colheita de manga "Tommy Atkins" orgânica sob recobrimentos bio-orgânicos.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a conservação pós-colheita de manga ‘Tommy Atkins’ orgânica destinada à exportação, colhida com Boas Práticas Agrícolas (CBP) e sem Boas Práticas Agrícolas (SBP), sob recobrimentos bio-orgânicos. manga colhida na maturidade comercial foi recoberta com extrato de erva-doce a 1,5% (CBP+ED, SBP+ED), com extrato de erva-doce adicionada à fécula de mandioca a 3,0% (CBP+ED+F, SBP+ED+F) e Controle (sem recobrimento, CBP e SBP), armazenada a 10±0,5 oC e 85±2% UR. O uso de BPA manteve a qualidade. O recobrimento com ED comprometeu a aparência da manga pela incidência de manchas na casca; recobrimento associando F + ED manteve a qualidade e retardou o amadurecimento

Antagonismo de Trichoderma no controle de Fusarium spp. sobre Phaseolus lunatus L.

Biological control strategies have become an important tool in the sustainable management of plant diseases. This paper aims to report the Fusarium species that affect fava beans (Phaseolus lunatus L.) grown in Paraíba, Brazil, and determines the potential of Trichoderma isolates to control these fungi. Two Trichoderma and ten Fusarium isolates from fava bean seeds were selected. The beans were obtained from cultivated areas in the municipalities of Remígio, Alagoa Grande and Campina Grande, in Paraíba state. Phylogenetic analyzes based on DNA sequences of the translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1) gene resolved the Fusarium isolates into four species belonging to the F. fujikuroi and F. incarnatum-equiseti species complexes. In vitro tests showed that the two isolates of Trichoderma tested presented antagonistic potential against the pathogens from the fava beans evaluated. In the direct comparison test, the growth of the pathogens was reduced from the seventh day in both treatments. Sporulation also showed a reduction, but only for 40% of Fusarium isolates. This work demonstrates that Trichoderma isolates can be used as a sustainable alternative to manage Fusarium spp. infection of fava beans.O controle biológico para manejo de doenças de plantas tem sido ampliado a fim de reduzir os impactos ambientais negativos. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram reportar espécies de Fusarium que acometem sementes de feijão fava (Phaseolus lunatus L.) cultivadas no estado da Paraíba, e determinar o potencial de isolados de Trichoderma para o controle desses fungos. Foram selecionados dois isolados de Trichoderma e dez isolados de Fusarium obtidos de sementes de feijão fava em áreas de cultivo nos municípios de Remígio, Alagoa Grande e Campina Grande, no estado da Paraíba. Análises filogenéticas baseadas em sequências de DNA do gene fator de alongamento de cadeia 1 alfa (TEF1) dividiram os isolados de Fusarium em quatro espécies pertencentes aos complexos F. fujikuroi e F. incarnatum-equiseti. Os testes in vitro mostraram que os dois isolados de Trichoderma utilizados apresentaram potencial de controle sobre Fusarium em feijão fava. No teste de confronto direto, o crescimento do patógeno foi reduzido a partir do sétimo dia de cultivo, com ambos os isolados de Trichoderma. A esporulação apresentou redução para apenas 40% dos isolados de Fusarium. Isolados de Trichoderma podem ser usados como uma alternativa sustentável para o manejo de Fusarium spp. no feijão fava

Phytochemical survey and antifungal activity of plant extracts in angico seeds (Anadenanthera colubrina Vell. Brenan) / Levantamento fitoquímico e atividade antifúngica dos extratos vegetais em sementes de angico (Anadenanthera colubrina Vell. Brenan)

Plant extracts with antimicrobial properties are an ecological alternative to fungicides, and preliminary investigation of their chemical components provides information on their properties. The present study determined the phytochemical profiles of plant extracts from Momordica charantia, Caesalpinia ferrea and Anadenanthera colubrina and evaluated the effect of these extracts on microorganisms and on the physiology of A. colubrina seeds. Extracts were obtained by cold extraction. The phytochemical characteristics of the studied species were investigated by determining the presence of alkaloids, steroids, tannins, flavonoids and saponins. Major secondary metabolites were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Seed health and germination tests were performed using plant extract concentrations of 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm, chemical treatments and a control. For the health test, 200 seeds per treatment were immersed in 20 mL of extract at the tested concentrations for five minutes. For the germination test, 200 seeds were germinated at 27 °C. A completely randomized design was used. A chemical survey of the extracts indicated the presence of alkaloids, steroids, tannins, flavonoids and saponins, as well as the absence of steroids in the M. charantia and A. colubrina extracts and of saponins in the C. ferrea extracts. All extracts and concentrations efficiently reduced Periconia sp., Fusarium sp. and Macrophomina sp. C. ferrea and A. colubrina extracts efficiently reduced Botrytis sp., Alternaria sp. and Rhizoctonia sp. at all concentrations. C. ferrea extract at 1000 and 1500 ppm and A. colubrina extract at all concentrations reduced Colletotrichum sp. A. colubrina extract negatively affected seed germination

Controle da antracnose em frutos de Persea Americana Miller com óleos essenciais

A antracnose é uma doença causada pelo patógeno Colletotrichum gloeosporioides afeta frutos de abacateiro (Persea americana Miller), tornando-os impróprios para a comercialização. Buscando-se o manejo alternativo de doenças, objetivou-se determinar o efeito de óleos essenciais no controle da antracnose em frutos de abacateiro e sua influência sobre a qualidade físico-química. O trabalho foi conduzido no Laboratório de Fitopatologia de Universidade Federal da Paraíba, campus II. Os frutos de abacateiro foram tratados com óleos essenciais de capim-limão, canela, eucalipto, rícino, copaíba, andiroba, alecrim, canola, cravo e linhaça, que foram adicionados ao meio de cultura BDA, na concentração de 0,75 μLmL-1 e adicionado a estes duas gotas de Tween 80. Além do fungicida Tiabendazol 400 ml/100L acrescido no meio BDA e a testemunha (meio de cultura puro). Foram avaliados: índice da velocidade de crescimento micelial, produção de conídios e severidade do patógeno. As avaliações físico-químicas dos frutos foram: perda de massa fresca; firmeza da casca; pH; relação SS/AT. Os óleos essenciais de canela, capim limão, eucalipto, cravo, erva-doce, copaíba e alecrim reduzem o crescimento micelial. Os óleos utilizados mostram potencial como tratamento alternativo reduzindo o uso de fungicidas. O óleo de canela na concentração 0,75 μLmL-1 reduz significativamente o crescimento e esporulação do patógeno. Os óleos essenciais não interferem na qualidade pós-colheita de frutos de abacate P. americana Miller

THERMOTHERAPY IN THE CONTROL OF Fusarium spp. IN ANGICO SEEDS [Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan] AND MAINTENANCE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY

Thermal treatment is frequently used to overcome dormancy in forest seeds; however, it can also be used to control seed-born pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of thermotherapy in controlling Fusarium sp. in angico seeds [Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan] collected in the state of Paraíba, Brazil, and its effect on physiological quality. Nine seed sources located in the municipalities of São João do Cariri - PB, Boa Vista - PB, and Sumé - PB were selected for this study. For the sanitary test, the treatments were composed of untreated seeds (control), chemical treatment, and thermal treatment at temperatures of 50, 60, and 70 °C immersed for 10, 20, 30, and 40 minutes. The same treatments were used in the germination test, and the percentage of germination, first count, dead seeds, seedling length, and germination speed index were evaluated. The results showed that the thermal treatments effectively reduced Fusarium sp. in the seeds. Thermotherapy did not negatively affect the physiological quality of angico seeds and led to an increase in germination percentage

Mangifera indica postharvest: evaluation of the potential of alternative treatments to control anthracnose / Pós-colheita de Mangifera indica: avaliação do potencial dos tratamentos alternativos no controlar da antracnose

The Mangifera indica L. is a fruit with a pleasant aroma, taste and color, with a high source of carotenoids, minerals, carbohydrates, fiber, antioxidants and vitamins A, B, C, E and K, being among the most economically expressive tropical fruits in the international market. However, several factors interfere with commercialization, mainly the damage caused by pathogens, such as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, which is the pathogen responsible for losses in the postharvest phase. Among the alternatives to conventional control, resistance induction (biotic and abiotic elicitors) and fungistatic action have been promising for the production of high quality fruits, free from contamination by pesticides. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of M. charantia and Chitosan® extract in the natural incidence of C. gloeosporioides, severity and postharvest quality of M. indica. The fruits were obtained in CEASA-PB, Brazil, according to the mango maturity scale, in stage 3, in which the fruits were harvested for sale. M. charantia leaves were collected in the city of Areia-PB, Brazil, prepared at the Phytopathology Laboratory, on Campus II of UFPB, and sent to the Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Campus I, UFPB, for the production of ethanolic extract. The treatments were the extract of M. charantia in the concentrations: 1000, 1500 and 2000 µg.mL-1, Chitosan®: 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0%, acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) ( 0.1 gL-1), fungicide (Tiabendazole) (4.0 mL.L-1) and sterile distilled water (control), with four replicates and three fruits. The enzymatic analyzes (peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) were carried out on the day of the fruit harvest and eight days after the application of the treatments. Physical and physical-chemical analyzes such as loss of mass, firmness, total soluble solids (SST) content, pH determination, total titratable acidity and SST/ATT ratio in all Chitosan® concentrations provided the lowest natural incidence of pathogens, reduced the severity of anthracnose and Influenced the high enzymatic activities of Peroxidase, Polyphenoloxidase and Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, preserving the postharvest quality in Mangifera indica (Tommy Atkins) fruits during the entire storage period

FUNGOS ASSOCIADOS ÀS SEMENTES DE Enterolobium contortisiliquum: ANÁLISE DA INCIDÊNCIA, CONTROLE E EFEITOS NA QUALIDADE FISIOLÓGICA COM O USO DE EXTRATOS VEGETAIS

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509821090 The fungi are main micro-organisms associated with seeds, may cause damages, both in the field but also post-harvest and during storage. In this last phase, deterioration can occur by the action of specific fungi, affecting their physiological quality. The use of plant extracts with antimicrobial properties are promising and environmentally friendly alternatives to replace the protection promoted by fungicide application. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of extracts of Allamanda blanchetti e Momordica charantia in concentrations of 10, 100, 500 e 1000 ppm on mycoflora and germination in seeds of Enterolobium contortisiliquum. Seeds were collected in different municipalities in the state of Paraiba (Areia, Arara, Conde and Sobrado). The lots were tested for germination and sanity. The evaluation of the incidence of fungus was made from the visualization of fungi by the method of incubation blotter test. Was used the health test 100 seeds per treatment which were immersed in 20 mL of extracts for five minutes, incubated in then Petri dishes on double layer of filter paper. 200 seeds were used in the germination test, with four replications of 25 seeds per treatment, divided into germitest paper and germinated at temperatures of 30 ± 2°C. The experimental design was completely randomized. It was found in the seeds of Enterolobium contortisiliquum the following fungi: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium sp., Curvularia lunata, Nigrospora sp. and Cladosporium sp. The extracts of Allamanda blanchetti and Momordica charantia at concentrations of 500 and 1000 ppm caused a reduction in the frequency of fungi. The extract of Momordica charantia at concentrations of 500 and 1000 ppm provided an increase in germination and first count, and reduce the percentage of dead seeds.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509821090Os fungos são os principais micro-organismos associados às sementes, podendo causar danos, tanto na fase de campo, como também na pós-colheita e durante o armazenamento. Nesta última fase, a deterioração pode ocorrer pela ação específica de fungos, afetando a qualidade fisiológica das sementes. A utilização de extratos de plantas com propriedades antimicrobianas são alternativas ecológicas e promissoras para substituir a proteção promovida pela aplicação de fungicidas. Objetivou-se nesta pesquisa avaliar a eficiência dos extratos de Allamanda blanchetti e Momordica charantia nas concentrações de 10, 100, 500 e 1000 ppm sobre a micoflora e germinação em sementes de Enterolobium contortisiliquum. As sementes foram coletadas em diferentes municípios do estado da Paraíba (Areia, Arara, Conde e Sobrado). Os lotes foram submetidos a testes de sanidade e de germinação. A avaliação da incidência de fungos foi feita a partir da visualização dos fungos através do método de papel de filtro. Utilizaram-se no teste de sanidade 100 sementes por tratamento, as quais foram imersas em 20 mL dos extratos por cinco minutos, em seguida incubadas em placas de Petri sobre dupla camada de papel de filtro. No teste de germinação utilizaram-se 200 sementes, distribuídas em papel germitest e germinadas à temperatura de 30 ± 2°C. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado. Constatou-se nas sementes de Enterolobium contortisiliquum os fungos: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium sp., Curvularia lunata, Nigrospora sp. e Cladosporium sp. Os extratos de Allamanda blanchetti e Momordica charantia nas concentrações de 500 e 1000 ppm causaram redução da frequência dos fungos. O extrato de Momordica charantia nas concentrações de 500 e 1000 ppm proporcionou o aumento na germinação e primeira contagem, além de reduzir o percentual de sementes mortas

Sanidade e qualidade fisiológica de sementes de Chorisia glaziovii O. Kuntze tratadas com extratos vegetais

The objective of the research was to evaluate the effectiveness of Allium sativum extracts and Lippia alba on pathogens and the physiological quality of Chorisia glaziovii seeds. The treatments consisted of Allium sativum extracts and Lippia alba at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%, and fungicide captan (240 g 100 kg-1 seeds) as the positive control. For the seed sanity, it was adopted the Blotter test method and the physiological quality was determined by germination and seed vigor. The design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme (2 x 5) +1 (plant extracts x concentrations + fungicide) with four replications. It was observed the occurrence of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus sp., Botrytis sp., Cladosporium sp., Curvularia lunata, Nigrospora sp., Pestalotia sp., Periconia sp. and Rhizopus stolonifer on seeds. The Lippia alba extract at 100% was effective in inhibiting pathogens. The increase in the concentration of A. sativum extract reduced to the frst count, and Lippia alba extract caused increase of germinated seeds.O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a eficiência dos extratos de alho e erva-cidreira sobre patógenos e na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de Chorisia glaziovii. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de extratos de alho e erva-cidreira à 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100%, e fungicida Captan®. Para sanidade das sementes adotou-se o método blotter test e a qualidade fisiológica foi determinada pela germinação e vigor. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizados em esquema fatorial (2x5) +1 (extratos vegetais x concentrações + fungicida), com quatro repetições. Observou-se a ocorrência de Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus sp., Botrytis sp., Cladosporium sp., Curvularia lunata, Nigrospora sp., Pestalotia sp., Periconia sp. e Rhizopus stolonifer, nas sementes. O extrato de erva-cidreira à 100% foi eficiente na inibição dos patógenos. O aumento na concentração do extrato de alho foi prejudicial à primeira contagem de germinação, e o extrato de erva-cidreira proporcionou aumento de sementes germinadas

FUNGI ASSOCIATED THE SEEDS OF Enterolobium contortisiliquum : ANALYSIS OF INCIDENCE, CONTROL AND EFFECTS ON PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY WITH THE USE OF PLANT EXTRACTS

Os fungos s\ue3o os principais micro-organismos associados \ue0s sementes, podendo causar danos, tanto na fase de campo, como tamb\ue9m na p\uf3s-colheita e durante o armazenamento. Nesta \ufaltima fase, a deteriora\ue7\ue3o pode ocorrer pela a\ue7\ue3o espec\uedfica de fungos, afetando a qualidade fisiol\uf3gica das sementes. A utiliza\ue7\ue3o de extratos de plantas com propriedades antimicrobianas s\ue3o alternativas ecol\uf3gicas e promissoras para substituir a prote\ue7\ue3o promovida pela aplica\ue7\ue3o de fungicidas. Objetivou-se nesta pesquisa avaliar a efici\ueancia dos extratos de Allamanda blanchetti e Momordica charantia nas concentra\ue7\uf5es de 10, 100, 500 e 1000 ppm sobre a micoflora e germina\ue7\ue3o em sementes de Enterolobium contortisiliquum. As sementes foram coletadas em diferentes munic\uedpios do estado da Para\uedba (Areia, Arara, Conde e Sobrado). Os lotes foram submetidos a testes de sanidade e de germina\ue7\ue3o. A avalia\ue7\ue3o da incid\ueancia de fungos foi feita a partir da visualiza\ue7\ue3o dos fungos atrav\ue9s do m\ue9todo de papel de filtro. Utilizaram-se no teste de sanidade 100 sementes por tratamento, as quais foram imersas em 20 mL dos extratos por cinco minutos, em seguida incubadas em placas de Petri sobre dupla camada de papel de filtro. No teste de germina\ue7\ue3o utilizaram-se 200 sementes, distribu\ueddas em papel germitest e germinadas \ue0 temperatura de 30 \ub1 2\ub0C. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado. Constatou-se nas sementes de Enterolobium contortisiliquum os fungos: Aspergillus niger , Aspergillus flavus , Rhizopus stolonifer , Penicillium , Curvularia lunata , Nigrospora sp. e ,Cladosporium sp. Os extratos de Allamanda blanchetti e Momordica charantia nas concentra\ue7\uf5es de 500 e 1000 ppm causaram redu\ue7\ue3o da frequ\ueancia dos fungos. O extrato de Momordica charantia nas concentra\ue7\uf5es de 500 e 1000 ppm proporcionou o aumento na germina\ue7\ue3o e primeira contagem, al\ue9m de reduzir o percentual de sementes mortas.The fungi are main micro-organisms associated with seeds, may cause damages, both in the field but also post-harvest and during storage. In this last phase, deterioration can occur by the action of specific fungi, affecting their physiological quality. The use of plant extracts with antimicrobial properties are promising and environmentally friendly alternatives to replace the protection promoted by fungicide application. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of extracts of Allamanda blanchetti and Momordica charantia in concentrations of 10, 100, 500 and 1000 ppm on mycoflora and germination in seeds of Enterolobium contortisiliquum. Seeds were collected in different municipalities in the state of Paraiba (Areia, Arara, Conde and Sobrado). The lots were tested for germination and sanity. The evaluation of the incidence of fungus was made from the visualization of fungi by the method of incubation blotter test. Was used the health test 100 seeds per treatment which were immersed in 20 mL of extracts for five minutes, incubated in then Petri dishes on double layer of filter paper. 200 seeds were used in the germination test, with four replications of 25 seeds per treatment, divided into germitest paper and germinated at temperatures of 30 \ub1 2\ub0C. The experimental design was completely randomized. It was found in the seeds of Enterolobium contortisiliquum the following fungi: Aspergillus niger , Aspergillus flavus , Rhizopus stolonifer , Penicillium sp., Curvularia lunata , Nigrospora sp. and Cladosporium sp. The extracts of Allamanda blanchetti and Momordica charantia at concentrations of 500 and 1000 ppm caused a reduction in the frequency of fungi. The extract of Momordica charantia at concentrations of 500 and 1000 ppm provided an increase in germination and first count, and reduce the percentage of dead seeds

Transmissão de Fusarium SP. e qualidade de sementes de Ceiba glaziovii submetidas a tratamentos salinos / Transmission of Fusarium SP. and quality of Ceiba glaziovii seeds submitted to saline treatments

Ceiba glaziovii é uma espécie florestal de ocorrência no nordeste brasileiro que demanda tratamento sanitário para manutenção da sua viabilidade, devido os efeitos deletérios causados pela associação das sementes com microrganismos patogênicos. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o efeito da salinidade sobre a qualidade sanitária e fisiológica de sementes de C. glaziovii. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Fitopatologia, da Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Utilizou-se água salina com condutividade elétrica de: 0,0 (controle); 1,5 dS m-1; 3,0 dS m-1; 4,5 dS m-1; 6,0 dS m-1; 7,5 dS m-1; 9,0 dS m-1 e fungicida Dicarboximida (240 g.de i a/ 100 kg-1 de sementes) no tratamento de sementes de C. glaziovii. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado. O fungicida dicarboximida não se mostrou eficiente no tratamento para esta espécie vegetal. A taxa de transmissão de Fusarium sp. foi baixa em relação ao número de sementes não germinadas, nas condições avaliadas. As concentrações com condutividade elétrica de 7,5 a 9,0 dS m-1 se mostraram apropriadas no tratamento das sementes de C. glaziovii pois não apresentaram efeito deletério e foram eficientes na redução da incidência de fungos patogênicos