A comparative study of the discourse of bank advertisements from Banco do Brasil in Brazil and Lloyds TSB in England

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão.Muitos estudos sobre textos tem sido feitos sob a perspectiva da Análise Crítica do Discurso. Concentrando-se em propagandas de um determinado tipo, esta pesquisa tem como foco um estudo comparativo de dois folhetos bancários, um do Banco do Brasil (no Brasil), e outro do Lloyds TSB (na Inglaterra). Com base nos conceitos de Fairclough, que considera o discurso como prática social, eu contrasto o tipo de relação que os participantes mostram no texto e as identidades representadas pelo discurso da instituição bancária. Também tento identificar a ideologia usada nestas propagandas e o seu grau de persuasão. Com fundamentação na gramática sistêmica funcional de Halliday, observo as estruturas lexicogramaticais das orações. Mais especificamente, através do sistema de transitividade, analiso os tipos de processos nos textos, o envolvimento dos participantes nestes processos, e as circunstâncias destes processos. Além disso, através do sistema de modalidade, identifico o tipo de relacionamento no qual os participantes estão envolvidos. Por último, com base no estudo de Kress & van Leeuwen (1996), considero o aspecto visual das propagandas com o intuito de verificar como esta parte interage com o texto verbal para expressar a mensagem no texto. Resultados mostram que ambas as instituições se dirigem ao público de uma maneira informal. Porém, enquanto o Lloyds TSB expressa mais preocupação sobre a vida e as necessidades de seus clientes de uma maneira mais indireta, o Banco do Brasil é mais enfático e direto, mais preocupado em descrever os tipos de investimentos que oferece ao público

Resonances arising from sheltering in the family dynamics of Brazilian women in situations of violence

This study aimed to analyze the repercussions of sheltering in the family dynamics of women in situations of violence. This is a qualitative study in which 12 Brazilian women who were given shelter due to have suffered from violence were interviewed. The data organization and analysis was supported by the Grounded Theory, with the help of Atlas.ti software. Before being in the shelter, the study revealed the hardening of family relations and breaking of affectional bonds as well feelings of anxiety, depression, shame, fear and humiliation. Their permanence in the shelter helped the women to create strategies of coping with violence, which in turn, contributed to their reintegration in society as well as the recovery of their dignity and citizenshipEste estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los efectos del proceso de acogimiento en la dinámica familiar de mujeres brasileñas en situaciones de violencia. Es un estudio cualitativo basado en entrevistas a doce mujeres que sufrieron violencia y que estuvieron en casa de acogida. La organización y el análisis de los datos tuvieron como referencia la teoría fundamentada y el auxilio del software Atlas.ti 7.0. En el período anterior al proceso de acogida, los resultados mostraron el endurecimiento de las relaciones familiares y la ruptura de lazos afectivos, así como la presencia de ansiedad, estados depresivos, vergüenza, miedo y humillación. El proceso de acogimiento hizo posible la creación de estrategias de afrontamiento al problema de la violencia, promoviendo la reinserción social de las mujeres y el rescate de su dignidad y ciudadaní

Trajetórias da Educomunicação nas Políticas Públicas e a Formação de seus Profissionais

Esta obra é composta com os trabalhos apresentados no primeiro subtema, TRAJETÓRIA – Educação para a Comunicação como Política pública, nas perspectivas da Educomunicação e da Mídia-Educação, do II Congresso Internacional de Comunicação e Educação. Os artigos pretendem propiciar trocas de informações e produzir reflexões com os leitores sobre os caminhos percorridos, e ainda a percorrer, tendo como meta a expansão e a legitimação das práticas educomunicativas e/ou mídia-educativas como política pública para o atendimento à formação de crianças, adolescentes, jovens e adultos, no Brasil e no mundo

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK.

BACKGROUND: A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials. METHODS: This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5 × 1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 - relative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674. FINDINGS: Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23 848 participants were enrolled and 11 636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0-75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4-97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8-80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74 341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3-4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation. INTERPRETATION: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials. FUNDING: UK Research and Innovation, National Institutes for Health Research (NIHR), Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Lemann Foundation, Rede D'Or, Brava and Telles Foundation, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Thames Valley and South Midland's NIHR Clinical Research Network, and AstraZeneca

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK

Background A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials. Methods This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5 × 1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 - relative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674. Findings Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23 848 participants were enrolled and 11 636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0–75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4–97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8–80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74 341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3–4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation. Interpretation ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials

Analysing brazilian police interviews in cases of violence against women

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inglês: Estudos Linguísticos e Literários, Florianópolis, 2018.Abstract : Violence against women has been a recurring topic of discussion and of research in areas such as Psychology, History and Linguistics. Based on worldwide statistics, Brazil ranks fifth for cases of violence against women. However, it is claimed that statistics are unreliable due to women s underreporting. By investigating what could lead women to avoid making a complaint to the police, studies in other countries revealed that one of the reasons women give up reporting their cases is that reports to the police do not result in an arrest of an abuser and the risk to the victim may be heightened as a result of the report (Pitts, 2014, p. 1663). Also, linguistic studies on police interviews, mainly in English speaking countries, point to constraints in the process that may lead to failures in the attempt to collect accurate evidence. Against this background, and to the lack of studies in the area in Brazil, this research pursued the following objectives: 1) to understand the current police practice for interviewing participants in cases of violence against women in two police departments in the state of Santa Catarina, in the southern region of Brazil, and, subsequently, 2) to provide suggestions which aim to increase effectiveness in the process of evidence-collection in police interviews in Brazil, more specifically, in cases of violence against women. To this end, the transcripts of audio recordings of 15 police interviews with victims, suspects and witnesses from the two police departments were analysed within the Conversation Analysis (CA) theoretical framework for linguistic analysis. Through the CA approach, it was explained how the interaction between the participants (interviewers and interviewees victims, suspects and witnesses) in the interviews was established mainly in terms of topic management and (self) selection of turns. The findings revealed that the police interviews in general demonstrated constraints in the process of collecting evidence by the interviewers approach to the interviewees as well as the interviewees response to it. About the topic management in the participants interaction, it was verified that both interviewers and interviewees changed topics according to information they (the interviewers) pursued and they (the interviewees) were available and/or capable to provide. The selection of turns in the interactions were mainly conducted by the interviewers. Although the interviewees self-selected when they had the chance to, the interviewers took the floor back at their convenience. The choice for types of questions (closed v. open-ended ) were also the focus of this study. It was observed that, there was the interviewers preference for closed questions as opposed to open-ended ones, giving the interviewees little chance for providing evidence freely. Also, the analyses intended to show how the relations of power were managed in the police discourse as an institutional discourse (Habermas, 1984; Drew and Heritage, 1993; Fairclough, 1989), especially with regard to the police approach to women victims of violence. The police interviews analyses reveal that the discourse of the police (performed by the interviewers), being a powerful institution, was frequently characterised by an informal (and many times friendly) tone, which contributed to minimise the tension and soften the participants interaction. Nevertheless, the approach to the victims was sometimes tense, although receptive. At other times, the victims were approached as being uncertain about their complaints and the legal implications thereof. Finally, in the interviews with suspects, police warnings did not follow a criterion and were issued at different moments in the interviews, before and after pieces of evidence had been reported. The findings of the research allowed suggestions of improvements to what were found as constraints in the police interviews analysed. They were based on recommendations in the ABE protocol developed by the UK government (England and Wales) and applied as measures for police training in that country. Given that, this study falls into the category of a prescriptive one, as the suggestions provided may act as a starting point for the elaboration of a Brazilian protocol that could contribute to the improvement of the practice of police interviews in Brazil of any case in addition to those of violence against women.Violência contra mulheres tem sido um tema recorrente de discussões e pesquisas em áreas como Psicologia, História e Estudos Linguísticos. Baseado em estatísticas mundiais, o Brasil é o 5º pais do mundo em casos de violência contra mulheres. No entanto, dados sobre violência contra mulheres tendem a não ser confiáveis devido a muitos crimes não serem reportados a polícia. De acordo com estudos realizados em outros países, um dos principais motivos pelo qual isto acontece é porque as mulheres vítimas de violência acreditam que os agressores nunca serão presos, além de elas temerem por correr um risco maior se relatarem seus casos (minha tradução) (Pitts, 2014, p. 1663). No entanto, estudos linguísticos sobre a interação verbal na tomada de depoimentos pela polícia, na maioria em países de língua inglesa, apontam para falhas no processo na tentativa de coletar evidências dos casos. Em face a estas observações, e devido à escassez de estudos na área no Brasil, esta pesquisa tem como objetivos: 1) compreender a prática policial de tomada de depoimentos em casos de violência contra mulheres em duas delegacias de polícia no estado de Santa Catarina, no sul do Brasil, e subsequentemente, 2) fornecer sugestões que visam a melhoria do processo de tomada de depoimentos pela polícia no Brasil, mais especificamente, em casos de violência contra mulheres. Para a realização desta pesquisa, foram coletados, através de gravações de áudio, e transcritos 15 depoimentos com vítimas, suspeitos e testemunhas nas duas delegacias. O conteúdo das transcrições das gravações foi analisado sob a ótica da teoria da Análise da Conversa (AC), ferramenta teórica utilizada para análise linguística do discurso verbal. Através desta ferramenta de análise, pretendeu-se observar a interação dos participantes (policiais e depoentes - vítimas, suspeitos e testemunhas) no que diz respeito à administração de tópicos da conversa e de turnos da fala dos participantes. Os resultados deste estudo revelaram deficiências no processo de interação pela busca de evidências criminais, tanto na abordagem aos depoentes como na resposta dos mesmos as solicitações dos policiais. A respeito da administração dos tópicos nas interações, foi verificado que ambos os participantes (policiais e depoentes) alteram os tópicos de acordo com a informação que desejam obter e fornecer, respectivamente. A seleção dos turnos da fala pelos participantes é principalmente realizada pelos policiais. Embora os depoentes se auto selecionam quando tem a oportunidade, os policiais tomam o turno da fala novamente conforme é conveniente. Os tipos de perguntas realizadas para abordagem aos depoentes também foi foco deste estudo. Em relação a abordagem dos policiais aos depoentes, foi evidenciado a preferência por perguntas mais específicas e fechadas, dificultando as chances dos depoentes descreverem os fatos livremente e sem interrupção, especialmente no inicio das entrevistas. Por último, este estudo também objetivou verificar as relações de poder estabelecidas pelo discurso policial como um discurso institucional (Habermas, 1984; Drew and Heritage, 1993; Fairclough, 1989), especialmente na abordagem a mulheres vítimas de violência. Foi observado que, algumas vezes, os policiais apresentaram o uso de um discurso mais informal e de tom mais amigável, o que contribuiu para minimizar a tensão entre os participantes na interação. Entretanto, a abordagem ás vítimas foi as vezes tensa, embora receptiva. Em outras vezes, as vitimas foram interpretadas como incertas a respeito de suas solicitações e as implicações legais das mesmas. Nas abordagens aos suspeitos, a aplicação das advertências policiais (police warnings) não apresentou nenhum critério. Mais especificamente, observou-se que tais advertências foram emitidas em momentos diversos durante os depoimentos, antes ou até mesmo após evidências já terem sido coletadas. Com base nos resultados deste estudo, foram apresentadas sugestões que visam contribuir para a otimização da obtenção de evidências criminais durante o processo de tomada de depoimentos pela polícia em casos de violência contra mulheres. No entanto, tais sugestões podem também servir como base para a melhoria do processo de tomada de depoimentos em outras delegacias no pais, bem como em outros tipos de crimes, além de casos de violência contra mulheres. Tais sugestões foram baseadas no protocolo ABE aplicado no Reino Unido em cursos de treinamentos para policiais. Sendo assim, essa pesquisa assume um caráter prescritivo, estabelecendo recomendações que possam servir como ponto de partida para a elaboração de um material que vise contribuir para a melhoria do processo de coleta de evidências em tomada de depoimentos nas delegacias de polícia no Brasil, mais especificamente, em casos de violência contra mulheres

Resonances arising from Sheltering in the Family Dynamics of Brazilian Women in situations of Violence

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los efectos del proceso de acogimiento en la dinámica familiar de mujeres brasileñas en situaciones de violencia. Es un estudio cualitativo basado en entrevistas a doce mujeres que sufrieron violencia y que estuvieron en casa de acogida. La organización y el análisis de los datos tuvieron como referencia la teoría fundamentada y el auxilio del software Atlas.ti 7.0. En el período anterior al proceso de acogida, los resultados mostraron el endurecimiento de las relaciones familiares y la ruptura de lazos afectivos, así como la presencia de ansiedad, estados depresivos, vergüenza, miedo y humillación. El proceso de acogimiento hizo posible la creación de estrategias de afrontamiento al problema de la violencia, promoviendo la reinserción social de las mujeres y el rescate de su dignidad y ciudadanía.This study aimed to analyze the repercussions of sheltering in the family dynamics of women in situations of violence. This is a qualitative study in which 12 Brazilian women who were given shelter due to have suffered from violence were interviewed. The data organization and analysis was supported by the Grounded Theory, with the help of Atlas.ti software. Before being in the shelter, the study revealed the hardening of family relations and breaking of affectional bonds as well feelings of anxiety, depression, shame, fear and humiliation. Their permanence in the shelter helped the women to create strategies of coping with violence, which in turn, contributed to their reintegration in society as well as the recovery of their dignity and citizenship

Resonances arising from Sheltering in the Family Dynamics of Brazilian Women in situations of Violence

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los efectos del proceso de acogimiento en la dinámica familiar de mujeres brasileñas en situaciones de violencia. Es un estudio cualitativo basado en entrevistas a doce mujeres que sufrieron violencia y que estuvieron en casa de acogida. La organización y el análisis de los datos tuvieron como referencia la teoría fundamentada y el auxilio del software Atlas.ti 7.0. En el período anterior al proceso de acogida, los resultados mostraron el endurecimiento de las relaciones familiares y la ruptura de lazos afectivos, así como la presencia de ansiedad, estados depresivos, vergüenza, miedo y humillación. El proceso de acogimiento hizo posible la creación de estrategias de afrontamiento al problema de la violencia, promoviendo la reinserción social de las mujeres y el rescate de su dignidad y ciudadanía.This study aimed to analyze the repercussions of sheltering in the family dynamics of women in situations of violence. This is a qualitative study in which 12 Brazilian women who were given shelter due to have suffered from violence were interviewed. The data organization and analysis was supported by the Grounded Theory, with the help of Atlas.ti software. Before being in the shelter, the study revealed the hardening of family relations and breaking of affectional bonds as well feelings of anxiety, depression, shame, fear and humiliation. Their permanence in the shelter helped the women to create strategies of coping with violence, which in turn, contributed to their reintegration in society as well as the recovery of their dignity and citizenship

Resonances arising from sheltering in the family dynamics of Brazilian women in situations of violence

This study aimed to analyze the repercussions of sheltering in the family dynamics of women in situations of violence. This is a qualitative study in which 12 Brazilian women who were given shelter due to have suffered from violence were interviewed. The data organization and analysis was supported by the Grounded Theory, with the help of Atlas.ti software. Before being in the shelter, the study revealed the hardening of family relations and breaking of affectional bonds as well feelings of anxiety, depression, shame, fear and humiliation. Their permanence in the shelter helped the women to create strategies of coping with violence, which in turn, contributed to their reintegration in society as well as the recovery of their dignity and citizenshipEste estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los efectos del proceso de acogimiento en la dinámica familiar de mujeres brasileñas en situaciones de violencia. Es un estudio cualitativo basado en entrevistas a doce mujeres que sufrieron violencia y que estuvieron en casa de acogida. La organización y el análisis de los datos tuvieron como referencia la teoría fundamentada y el auxilio del software Atlas.ti 7.0. En el período anterior al proceso de acogida, los resultados mostraron el endurecimiento de las relaciones familiares y la ruptura de lazos afectivos, así como la presencia de ansiedad, estados depresivos, vergüenza, miedo y humillación. El proceso de acogimiento hizo posible la creación de estrategias de afrontamiento al problema de la violencia, promoviendo la reinserción social de las mujeres y el rescate de su dignidad y ciudadaní