Neural Mechanisms of Exercise: Effects on Gut Miccrobiota and Depression

Microbiota is a set of microorganisms resident in gut ecosystem that reacts to psychological stressful stimuli, and is involved in depressed or anxious status in both animals and human being. Interestingly, a series of studies have shown the effects of physical exercise on gut microbiota dynamics, suggesting that gut microbiota regulation might act as one mediator for the effects of exercise on the brain. Recent studies found that gut microbiota dynamics are also regulated by metabolism changes, such as through physical exercise or diet change. Interestingly, physical exercise modulates different population of gut bacteria in compared to food restriction or rich diet, and alleviates gut syndromes to toxin intake. Gut microbiota could as well contribute to the beneficial effects of exercise on cognition and emotion, either directly through serotonin signaling or indirectly by modulating metabolism and exercise performance

Neural Mechanisms of Exercise: Anti-Depression, Neurogenesis, and Serotonin Signaling

Depression is associated with decreased serotonin metabolism and functioning in the central nervous system, evidenced by both animal models of depression and clinical patient studies. Depression is also accompanied by decreased hippocampal neurogenesis in diverse animal models. Neurogenesis is mainly defined in dentate gyrus of hippocampus as well as subventricular zone. Moreover, hypothalamus, amygdala, olfactory tubercle, and piriform cortex are reported with evidences of adult neurogenesis. Physical exercise is found to modulate adult neurogenesis significantly, and results in mood improvement. The cellular mechanism such as adult neurogenesis upregulation was considered as one major mood regulator following exercise. The recent advances in molecular mechanisms underlying exercise-regulated neurogenesis have widen our understanding in brain plasticity in physiological and pathological conditions, and therefore better management of different psychiatric disorders

COMPARAÇÃO DO ESTILO DE VIDA DE ACADÊMICOS INGRESSANTES E CONCLUINTES DA ÁREA DA SAÚDE DE UMA FACULDADE DA REGIÃO CENTRAL DE GOIÂNIA

The aim of this study was to analyze the lifestyle profile of new academics and senior students in health courses at a faculty in central Goiânia. The instrument used for data collection was the Pentacle “Wellbeing” Questionnaire developed and approved by Nahas, Barros and Francalacci (2000). The survey consisted of 193 participants who answered fifteen closed questions related to five domains: nutrition, physical activity, preventive behavior, social relationship and stress control. Data analysis was performed from mean ± standard, where ANOVA 3 x 2 compared the beginners and graduates averages, and between courses, adopting the significance level of P <0.05. In a general analysis, the results show regular indices for all components. The Physical Activity component was superior among the aspiring graduates of Physical Education professionals, while the Preventive Behavior showed superior behavior in Nursing graduates. Some components showed significant differences between new academics and seniors (physical activity, preventive behavior, and relationship). Thus, it is concluded that the answers differ partially from the hypothesis initially postulated, since it was expected that graduates would have a higher prevalence of favorable health promotion behaviors, since they acquired theoretical and practical information during the course about the importance of healthy habits.O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o perfil do estilo de vida de acadêmicos ingressantes e concluintes em cursos da área da saúde em uma faculdade da região central de Goiânia.  O instrumento utilizado para coleta de dados foi o Questionário Pentáculo do bem-estar desenvolvido e aprovado por Nahas, Barros e Francalacci (2000). A pesquisa foi composta por 193 participantes que responderam quinze questões fechadas relacionadas a cinco domínios: nutrição, atividade física, comportamento preventivo, relacionamento social e controle do estresse. A análise dos dados foi realizada a partir de média ± padrão, onde ANOVA 3 x 2 comparou as médias de iniciantes e concluintes, e entre cursos, sendo adotado o nível de significância de P < 0.05. Em uma análise geral, os resultados demostram índices regulares para todos os componentes. O componente Atividade Física foi superior dentre os concluintes aspirantes a profissionais de Educação Física, enquanto que o Comportamento Preventivo demonstrou superior comportamento em concluintes de Enfermagem. Alguns componentes apresentaram diferenças significativas entre ingressantes e concluintes (atividade física, comportamento preventivo, e relacionamento). Dessa forma, conclui-se que as respostas diferem parcialmente da hipótese inicialmente postulada, pois era esperado que concluintes tivessem maior prevalência de comportamentos favoráveis à promoção de saúde, uma vez que adquiriram informações teóricas e práticas durante o curso sobre a importância de hábitos saudáveis

Aerobic Exercise Does Not Predict Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor And Cortisol Alterations in Depressed Patients

The pathophysiology of depression is related to neurobiological changes that occur in the monoamine system, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neurogenesis system and the neuroimmune system. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the research of the effects of exercise on brain function, with a special focus on its effects on brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cortisol and other biomarkers. Thus, the aim of this study is to present a review investigating the acute and chronic effects of aerobic exercise on BDNF and cortisol levels in individuals with depression. It was not possible to establish an interaction between aerobic exercise and concentration of BDNF and cortisol, which may actually be the result of the divergence of methods, such as type of exercises, duration of the sessions, and prescribed intensity and frequency of sessions

Comparison Among Aerobic Exercise and Other Types of Interventions to Treat Depression: A Systematic Review

Depression is a common and disabling disease that affects over 100 million people worldwide and can have a significant impact on physical and mental health, reducing their quality of life. Thus, the aim of this article was to provide information on research results and key chains related to the therapeutic effects of chronic aerobic exercise compared with other types of interventions to treat depression, which may become a useful clinical application in a near future. Researches have shown the effectiveness of alternative treatments, such as physical exercise, minimizing high financial costs and minimizing side effects. In this review, the data analyzed allows us to claim that alternative therapies, such as exercise, are effective on controlling and reducing symptoms. 69.3% of the studies that investigated the antidepressant effects of exercise on depressive were significant, and the other 30.7% of the studies improved only in general physiological aspects, such as increased oxygen uptake, increased use of blood glucose and decreased body fat percentage, with no improvement on symptoms of depression. From the sample analyzed, 71.4% was composed of women, and regarding the severity of symptoms, 85% had mild to moderate depression and only 15% had moderate to severe depression. However, there is still disagreement regarding the effect of exercise compared to the use of antidepressants in symptomatology and cognitive function in depression, this suggests that there is no consensus on the correct intensity of aerobic exercise as to achieve the best dose-response, with intensities high to moderate or moderate to mild

COVID-19 and Quarantine: Expanding Understanding of How to Stay Physically Active at Home

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Anti-viral effects of medicinal plants in the management of dengue: a systematic review

Background: Dengue is considered as an important arboviral disease. Safe, low-cost, and effective drugs that possess inhibitory activity against dengue virus (DENV) are mostly needed to try to combat the dengue infection worldwide. Medicinal plants have been considered as an important alternative to manage several diseases, such as dengue. As authors have demonstrated the antiviral effect of medicinal plants against DENV, the aim of this study was to review systematically the published research concerning the use of medicinal plants in the management of dengue using the PubMed database.Materials and Methods: Search and selection of publications were made using the PubMed database following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA statement).Results: Six publications met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final selection after thorough analysis.Conclusion: It is suggested that medicinal plants’ products could be used as potential anti-DENV agents.Keywords: Dengue, arbovirus, medicinal plants, PubMe

EFFECT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATION GENERATED IN OSCILLATING/VIBRATORY PLATFORM ON THE CONCENTRATION OF PLASMA BIOMARKERS AND ON THE WEIGHT IN RATS.

Background: Whole body vibration (WBV) exercise has been used in health sciences. Authors have reported that changes on the concentration of plasma biomarkers could be associated with the WBV effects. The aim of this investigation is to assess the consequences of exposition of 25 Hz mechanical vibration generated in oscillating/vibratory platform (OVP) on the concentration of some plasma biomarkers and on the weight of rats. Materials and Methods: Wistar rats were divided into two groups. The animals of the Experimental Group (EG) were submitted to vibration (25 Hz) generated in an OVP with four bouts of 30 seconds with rest time of 60 seconds between the bouts. This procedure was performed daily for 12 days. The animals of the control group (CG) were not exposed to vibration. Results: Our findings show that the WBV exercise at 25 Hz was not capable to alter significantly (