La intensificación y el uso de los factores de producción en horticultura

Hasta el principio de los años 80 la agricultura en la CEE seguía un comportamiento productivista. La generación de excedentes y la preocupación medioambiental cambiaron las líneas de actuación, y tomaron importancia otros conceptos como la extensificación que más tarde se ha relacionado con la sostenibilidad

Varietal change dominates adoption of technology in Spanish citrus production

After describing the technology adopted and its influence on production and yield, the importance of varietal change, which is essential to meet demand, is underscored. The choice of a variety by growers depends on the expected price it will fetch along with the commercial and crop characteristics and the quality. Survival of a variety in the marketplace depends on the performance as expected and on the existence of other more competitive varieties. First, in Spanish citrus farming, the navel group predominate, with 41.10% of orange production, in which the main varieties are "Navelina" and "Lanelate." The group of late white oranges is also important. The mandarin orange group includes clementines and mandarin hybrids; lemons also feature prominently. In sweet oranges, the navel group and late white group has often been renewed with varieties from the same group. In very early clementines varieties, the survival of which is usually short, the supply of new varieties is excessive. Because of its commercial characteristics and harvesting time, the group with the highest expansion possibilities are the mandarin hybrids which are in demand by hypermarkets. In the introduction of varieties, in recent years we have seen varietal clubs being established, with area control of each variety and very strict rules on cultivation and marketing.This research received no external funding

Propuesta del centro histórico de Querétaro como destino turístico inteligente

El objetivo principal de este trabajo consiste en contestar a la pregunta de qué posibilidades reales y viables tiene el destino turístico Centro Histórico de Querétaro de convertirse en un Destino Turístico Inteligente (DTI). El objetivo secundario consistirá en diseñar la ruta o el itinerario que contenga los pasos necesarios a seguir, basado en un diagnóstico, requisitos y recomendaciones para alcanzarlo. Con este fin se encuestó y entrevistó a un rango de actores representativos del sector turístico de diferentes actividades que intervienen en la oferta turística de Querétaro.2021-2

Primeiro registro de Microcystis sp. nociva e microcistina em dois afluentes do Rio Paraná em Misiones, Argentina

Aim: Characterize cyanobacterial accumulations detected for the first time from November 2020 to February 2022 along the coastal zone of the Paraná River and in the Zaimán and Mártires streams in Posadas (Misiones, Argentina), by identifying the dominant species, determining their potential toxicity, and monitoring their progression using satellite images. Methods: This work analyzes the presence of cyanobacteria by optical microscopy, the production of microcystin (MCY) by molecular and analytical methods, and the detection of these cyanobacterial accumulations by satellite image analysis. Results: Optical microscopy analysis revealed the presence of Microcystis spp. colonies in all collected samples and Dolichospermum sp. in the Mártires stream. Using PCR amplification of a conserved region of the mcyE gene we confirmed the presence of MCY-encoding genes in all samples and MCY in the Zaimán stream using UPLC MS/MS analysis. Complementary satellite image analysis showed blooms in the Zaimán and Mártires streams were detectable during all the sampling periods. The presence of Microcystis spp., and MCY could affect the population, as well as the flora and fauna in the streams and the ecosystems along the Paraná River basin. Conclusions: In this study, we successfully characterized cyanobacterial accumulations along the Paraná River coast and in the Zaimán and Mártires streams, revealing the presence of Microcystis spp. colonies and MCYencoding genes, with potential implications for local populations and ecosystems.Objetivo: Caracterizar o acúmulo de cianobactérias detectadas pela primeira vez de novembro de 2020 a fevereiro de 2022 ao longo da zona costeira do rio Paraná e nos riachos Zaimán e Mártires em Posadas (Misiones, Argentina). Espécies dominantes e seu potencial de toxicidade foram identificadas e sua progressão foram monitoradas usando imagens de satélite. Métodos: Este trabalho analisa a presença de cianobactérias por microscopia óptica, a produção de microcistina (MCY) por métodos moleculares e analíticos e a detecção dessas acumulações de cianobactérias por análise de imagens de satélite. Resultados: A análise de microscopia óptica revelou a presença de colônias de Microcystis spp. e Dolichospermum sp. em amostras coletadas no riacho Mártires. Utilizando amplificação por PCR de uma região conservada do gene mcyE, confirmamos a presença de genes codificadores de MCY e de MCY no Zaimán usando análise UPLC MS/MS. A análise complementar de imagens de satélite mostrou que as florações nos riachos Zaimán e Mártires foram detectáveis durante todos os períodos de amostragem. A presença de Microcystis spp. e MCY poderia afetar a população, bem como a flora e a fauna dos riachos e ecossistemas ao longo da bacia do rio Paraná. Conclusões: Neste estudo, foram caracterizadas com sucesso o acúmulo de cianobactérias ao longo da costa do Rio Paraná e nos riachos Zaimán e Mártires, revelando a presença de colônias de Microcystis spp. e genes que codificam MCY com potenciais implicações para as populações locais e os ecossistemas.Fil: Kolman, María de los Ángeles. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica. Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Miño, María Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica. Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Kunz, Isaias Emanuel. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica. Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Zapata, Pedro Dario. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica. Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentin

Calidad asistencial percibida y satisfacción de las personas sordas con la atención primaria de un Área de Salud de la Región de Murcia

Objective: To describe the quality of care and satisfaction with regard to the primary care services of the Health Area II Cartagena of the Murcia Health Service as perceived by deaf people of Cartagena and the region.Method: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study. The data were collected through the simultaneous translation of the Questionnaire on Evaluation and Improvement of the Quality of Care (EMCA) relative to the Perceived Quality in Primary Care. The variables analyzed were: age, sex, level of education, kind of deafness, first language and use, communication systems or supports, quality of perceived service, perception of professionalism and humane treatment by doctors, nurses and administrative personnel and overall satisfaction perceived regarding their Health Center.Results: Professionalism and humane treatment on behalf of doctors and administrative staff was perceived as deficient, yet this perception was good in the case of nurses. Overall satisfaction is lower than that in the general population. There are statistically significant differences between the type of deafness and the perceived professionalism, the humane treatment and the perceived professionalism and between the communication system or support and the perceived quality of care.Conclusions: The health care provided to this group with special needs must be adapted so that they perceive quality health care leading to increased access and monitoring of deaf people in the health system.  Objetivo: Describir la calidad asistencial percibida y la satisfacción frente a los servicios de Atención Primaria del Área de Salud II Cartagena del Servicio Murciano de Salud por parte de las personas sordas de Cartagena y comarca.Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal. Los datos se recogieron mediante la traducción simultánea a la lengua de signos española del Cuestionario de Evaluación y Mejora de la Calidad Asistencial de Calidad Percibida en Atención Primaria. Se analizaron las variables: edad, sexo, nivel de estudios, tipo de sordera, primera lengua y uso, sistemas o apoyos comunicativos, calidad de atención percibida, percepción de la profesionalidad y trato humano por parte del profesional de la medicina, enfermería y administración y la satisfacción global percibida con su Centro de Atención Primaria. Resultados: La profesionalidad y trato humano recibido por parte del personal médico y administrativo fue percibido como deficiente, considerándose bueno en caso de las enfermeras. La satisfacción global es menor a la de la población general. Existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el tipo de sordera y la profesionalidad percibida, el trato humano y la profesionalidad percibida y entre el sistema o apoyo comunicativo y la calidad de la atención percibida. Conclusiones: Es necesario adaptar la atención en salud que se presta a este colectivo con necesidades especiales a fin de que perciban una atención sanitaria de calidad que derive en un mayor acceso y seguimiento de personas sordas en el sistema sanitario. &nbsp

Relations between health perception and physical self-concept in adolescents

[Abstract]: Background: Self-rated health is influenced by personal characteristics, such as gender and age. Similarly, it seems that physical self-concept can influence this perception, being positively related to healthy habits and quality of life. Adolescence is a sensitive stage in establishing the physical self-concept as well as in health-related behaviours. Therefore, it is necessary to study these relationships since the behaviours established at these ages will have a lasting impact on life. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse the relation between physical self-concept and self-rated health in adolescents. Methods: A sample of 1697 adolescents (824 boys; 48.5% and 873 girls; 51.5%), aged between 12 and 16 years old (14.2 ±1.0) participated in the study. For data collection, a questionnaire was used. The measured variables were perception of health, physical self-concept and gender. A chi-square test was used to analyse the data and evaluate the association between the variables, and Cramer´s V was used to quantify the degree of association. A Classification and Regression Tree (CART) evaluation was applied to discover the influence of the variables that have an effect on the perception of health. Results: The results show that boys perceive to have better health and greater physical self-concept than girls. Similarly, a positive relationship has been found between the health´s perception in both genders and the physical self-concept, in each of its subdomains. Conclusion: A positive relationship has been found between health perception and physical self-concept. Therefore, an increase in the physical self-concept is presented as an opportunity to improve health self-perception, which can positively affect the health of young people

Green Chemistry and Its Impact on the Transition towards Sustainable Chemistry: A Systematic Review

This study presents a systematic review that addresses the didactics of Green Chemistry in the field of chemistry education, and its main goal is to explore the implications of education in Green Chemistry in response to growing environmental concerns. To carry this out, three databases were reviewed—Dialnet, Web of Science, and Scopus—using the PRISMA method and inclusion and exclusion criteria were established. Articles from journals from the last 6 years, in English or Spanish, that addressed the didactics of Green Chemistry at any educational level, and that offered free access to the whole text, were included; studies that did not specifically focus on the didactics of Green Chemistry or that addressed topics not pertinent to the goals of this review, as well as textbooks, laboratory guides, and other educational resources, were left out. The Boolean operators “AND” and “OR” were used with respective keywords, in both English and Spanish, in the different databases to see with which combinations the greatest number of studies fitting the proposed goals were obtained. Finally, 13 of the 695 articles initially selected were included and analyzed (Dialnet: 146; Web of Science: 330; Scopus: 219). The results show how Green Chemistry can play a fundamental role as a learning strategy to promote sustainable development and contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals established in the 2030 Agenda.The realization of this work was possible thanks to the resources of the University of Huelva (including grants from our own research plan and COIDESO to carry out a research stay at James Cook University)

Simple and Sustainable Preparation of Cathodes for Li−S Batteries: Regeneration of Granular Activated Carbon from the Odor Control System of a Wastewater Treatment Plant

To obtain a wide variety of green materials, numerous investigations have been undertaken on industrial waste that can act as sustainable resources. The use of hazardous wastes derived from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), especially the activated carbon used in odor control systems, is a highly abundant, scalable, and cost-effective strategy. The reuse of waste materials is a key aspect, especially for the sustainable development of emerging energy storage systems, such as lithium-sulfur (Li−S) batteries. Herein, granular active carbons from two WWTP treatment lines were regenerated in air at low temperature and utilized as the sulfur host with micro-/mesoporous framework. The resulting regenerated carbon and sulfur composites were employed as cathodes for Li−S cells. The SL-ACt3@S composite electrode with 60 wt% loaded sulfur exhibited a remarkable initial capacity of 1100 mAh g−1 at C/10 rate and higher than 800 mAh g−1 at C/2. Even at a rate of 1C, it maintained a high capacity of almost 700 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention of 85.4 % after 350 cycles, demonstrating a very low capacity fading of only 0.042 % per cycle. It is essential to note that the coulombic efficiency was always higher than 96 % during all the cycles. In this proposal, the only used source material was expired carbon from WWTP that was obtained with a simple and effective regeneration process. This “trash into treasure” strategy leads to a new way for using hazardous waste material as high-performance and environmentally safe electrodes for advanced Li−S batteries

Determinantes del resultado de la innovación en empresas españolas.

En el presente estudio se examina cómo determinantes de la innovación, en específico: la innovación de productos, la innovación de procesos y las patentes influyen en el resultado de la innovación en empresas manufactureras españolas; considerando el efecto que ejercen los outputs de innovación a partir de los inputs de innovación (gastos internos de I+D, gastos externos de I+D, financiación pública, personal especializado en I+D y cooperación con agentes externos) durante el período 2003–2016. Este análisis empírico utiliza una muestra de 12.849 empresas que ejecutan actividad innovadora en territorio español, por medio de la base de datos del PITEC. Los principales resultados obtenidos reflejan como los citados determinantes favorecen el proceso innovador de las empresas.<br /

Potential probiotic and functional properties of Brettanomyces strains isolated from kombucha tea

Kombucha, a beverage traditionally obtained through the fermentation of tea, is believed to have beneficial health properties. Therefore, characterizing the microorganisms responsible for this fermentation is essential to demonstrate its potential health benefits and to identify candidates for new probiotics. In this study, four probiotic yeast strains isolated from kombucha tea were identified, by the PCR-RFLP analysis of the ribosomal ITS region and the sequence of the D1/D2 domain of the 26S rDNA, as Brettanomyces bruxellensis (UVI55 and UVI56) and B. anomalus (UVI57 and UVI58). Properties relevant to probiotics were also studied in these strains. All of them showed excellent survival in simulated gastric (99%–100%) and duodenal (95%–100%) juices. The ability to self-aggregate (38%–100%), adhesion to xylene (15%–50%) and, above all, adhesion to Caco-2 cells (4%–21%), revealed its potential capacity to adhere to the intestinal epithelium. In addition, the tested strains showed excellent antioxidant capacity (82%–94%), antimicrobial activity against different pathogens (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, and Bacillus cereus), as well as remarkable cytotoxic activity against colon, melanoma and ovarian tumor cell lines. Finally, using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model, strain UVI56 exhibited ability to both extend the lifespan of the nematode and protect it against infection by S. enterica. These results support the probiotic and functional properties of the analyzed strains. In conclusion, the study revealed that kombucha tea could be a source of potential probiotics that contribute to its health-promoting properties and that the characterized Brettanomyces strains could be exploited directly as probiotics or for the development of new functional foods.Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. PID2022-138330OB-100Xunta de Galicia | Ref. GPC-ED431B 2023/35Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED481A-2020/19