Fatores que influenciam interações entre beija-flores e plantas em Mata Atântica

Resum

Alterações oculares por uso sistêmico de alfa-interferon em pacientes com hepatite C

PURPOSE: To describe ocular (specially fundoscopic) changes due to systemic alpha-interferon (IFN) therapy in patients with hepatitis C. This is a prospective, descriptive and observational (non-interventional) study, and its results are preliminary. METHODS: Patients were selected with indication of alpha-interferon therapy for hepatitis C. They underwent ocular examinations before therapy and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after starting the therapy. HIV patients and those who had a history of previous treatment with alpha-interferon were excluded from the study, but examined. RESULTS: Fifty-one patients were selected from November 1999 to June 2000. The male-to-female ratio was 1.55. The age average was 47 years. The best corrected visual acuity ranged from 20/15 to 20/40. Most of the symptomatic patients complained of foreign body sensation in the eyes, which became more tolerable with time. Complaints comprised flu-like symptoms, joint pain, depression, headache, and general weakness. Ocular findings related to alpha-interferon were: cotton wool spots (3 eyes) and intraretinal hemorrhage (1 eye). One patient died during the study, due to another disease not related to hepatitis, and one patient refused to be examined. CONCLUSIONS: There are retinal vascular changes due to systemic alpha-interferon for hepatitis C. There are no studies in our country describing ocular changes in patients with hepatitis C on therapy with alpha-interferon. General physicians and specially gastroenterologists should pay special attention to this problem, and refer these patients to the ophthalmologist in order to determine and follow any lesion that may be related to the use of this drug.OBJETIVO: Avaliar alterações oculares (em especial lesões fundoscópicas) em pacientes com hepatite C tratados com alfa-interferon (IFN). MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo, descritivo e observacional de pacientes com hepatite C do serviço de Gastroenterologia da UNIFESP com indicações de uso de alfa-interferon entre novembro de 1999 e junho de 2000. Esses pacientes foram submetidos a exame oftalmológico completo antes e 1, 3, 6 e 12 meses após o início do tratamento. Pacientes HIV positivos, ou com exposição prévia à droga foram excluídos. RESULTADOS: De um total de 51 pacientes selecionados, 31 foram acompanhados. A relação masculino-feminino foi de 1,55, e a média de idade de 47 anos. A acuidade visual corrigida variou de 20/15 a 20/40. Vinte e dois por cento dos pacientes queixaram-se de sensação de corpo estranho, principalmente nos dois primeiros meses de terapia. Queixas gerais foram: artralgia, cefaléia, depressão, fraqueza muscular. Achados oculares foram: hemorragia retiniana (um olho) e exsudatos moles (três olhos), todos assintomáticos. Em um paciente com história pregressa de tratamento com interferon, observou-se presença de hemorragia vítrea, exsudatos duros e moles e tortuosidade vascular. Um paciente faleceu durante o tratamento por infarto cardíaco. CONCLUSÕES: Existem alterações oculares por uso sistêmico de alfa-interferon. Não existem estudos no nosso país descrevendo essas alterações. Médicos clínicos gerais e gastroenterologistas devem prestar atenção a esse tipo de problema, e encaminhar os pacientes a um serviço de oftalmologia para acompanhamento paralelo.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de OftalmologiaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)UNIFESP, Depto. de OftalmologiaUNIFESPSciEL

Unraveling Brazilian Indian population prostate good health: clinical, anthropometric and genetic features

To compare dietary, lifestyle, clinical, anthropometric, genetic and prostatic features of Brazilian Indians and non-Indians (Amazon). 315 men, 228 Indians and 89 non-Indians, ≥40 years old were submitted to digital rectal examination, serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), testosterone, TP53 and GSTP1 genotyping, anthropometric, lifestyle, dietary, personal and familial medical history. Prostatic symptoms were evaluated with the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). Macuxis and Yanomamis represented 43.6% and 14.5% of Indians respectively who spontaneously referred no prostate symptoms. Mean IPSS was 7, range 3-19, with only 15% of moderate symptoms (score 8-19); Mean age was 54.7 years, waist circumference 86.6 cm, BMI 23.9 kg/m2. Yanomamis presented both lower BMI (21.4 versus 24.8 and 23.3, p=0,001) and prostate volume than Macuxis and “other ethnic groups” (15 versus 20, p=0.001). Testosterone (414 versus 502 and 512, p=0.207) and PSA (0.48 versus 0.6 and 0.41, p=0.349) were similar with progressive PSA increase with aging. Val/Val correlated with lower PSA (p=0.0361). Indians compared to control population presented: - TP53 super representation of Arg/Arg haplotype, 74.5% versus 42.5%, p<0.0001. -GSTP1 Ile/Ile 35.3% versus 60.9%; Ile/Val 45.9% versus 28.7%; Val/Val 18.8% versus 10.3%; p=0.0003. Observed specific dietary, lifestyle, anthropometric and genetic profile for TP53 and GSTP1 may contribute to Brazilian Indian population prostate good health.41234435

Knowledge of Toxoplasmosis among Doctors and Nurses Who Provide Prenatal Care in an Endemic Region

Congenital toxoplasmosis is a potentially severe infection and its prevention is most often based on serological screening in pregnant women. Many cases could be prevented by simple precautions during pregnancy. Aiming to assess the knowledge about toxoplasmosis among professionals working in antenatal care in a high prevalent region, a questionnaire was administered to 118 obstetric nurses and physicians attending at primary care units and hospitals. The questionnaire was self-completed and included questions on diagnosis, clinical issues, and prevention. Only 44% of total answers were corrected. Lower scores were observed among those with over 10 years of graduation, working in primary care units, and nurses. Errors were mainly observed in questions of prevention and diagnosis. As congenital toxoplasmosis is a mother-to-child (MTC) transmitted disease, early diagnosis and treatment can prevent serious and irreversible fetal damage. Thus, doctors and nurses who provide prenatal care must be appropriately trained on prophylactic, diagnostic, and clinical aspects of toxoplasmosis. The authors suggest that measures should be taken for continuing education regarding toxoplasmosis in pregnancy

Development of cardiorespiratory fitness standards for working memory using receiver operating curves in 15-year-old adolescents

Background: Working memory performance is associated with better academic achievements in children and adolescents, and it is positively related to CRF. However, what level of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) discriminates higher working memory performance is not known. The purpose of this study was to identify CRF thresholds linked to working memory in adolescents. Methods: Data of 141 adolescents (53.2 % girls) were collected (14.9 years) from a cross-sectional study during the year 2019. CRF was assessed by the 20-m shuttle run test, and maximal oxygen uptake was calculated using the Mahar ' s equation. Working memory was evaluated by the Corsi blocks test and performance was classified by percentiles. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to identify CRF thresholds. Results: The ROC analysis indicated that CRF could be used to discriminate working memory in adolescents. CRF thresholds of >= 45.03 ml.kg(-1).min(-1)for boys and >= 36.63 ml.kg(-1).min(-1)for girls were found to be indicative of "normal" working memory performance. Conclusions: CRF could discriminate low and normal working memory performance in 14-16- year-old adolescents. These thresholds could allow for earlier identification and intervention of low working memory performance using CRFThe authors would like to thank the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) for the research productivity grant (ERVR) and the CoordenacAo de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) for the PhD/MSc scholarship (VMRW, DZF, MROB)

Nutritional diagnosis of orange orchards of the Fronteira Oeste region of Rio Grande do Sul

A Fronteira Oeste do Rio Grande do Sul (RS) vem se destacando pela diversificação produtiva e pelo desenvolvimento do setor frutícola. A adequada nutrição dos pomares é um dos fatores essenciais para garantir o sucesso da atividade nessa nova região produtora. Devido à escassez de dados referentes à citricultura da região da Fronteira Oeste do RS, objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar o estado nutricional de laranjeiras cultivadas nas condições edafoclimáticas da região. Os pomares em que se realizaram as amostragens foram constituídos por plantas adultas. Os pomares de laranjeiras da Fronteira Oeste do RS apresentam, de forma geral, deficiência foliar em N, Ca, Mn e Zn, e excesso foliar de Cu e P. Isso indica a necessidade de adequação do manejo do solo e da adubação, visando o aumento no conteúdo de matéria- orgânica do solo, e o aprimoramento da adubação com N, P, Mn e Zn. Os teores de um mesmo nutriente entre solo e tecido foliar não são correlacionados.The Fronteira Oeste region of Rio Grande do Sul State (RS), Brazil, has become important by the productive diversification and the development of the fruit sector. The correct nutrition of the orchards is one of the essential factors to guarantee the success of the activity of this new producing region. Due to the scarcity of data referring to citrus production in the region of Fronteira Oeste do RS, the aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status of the orange trees cultivated under the edaphoclimatic conditions of this region. The orchards in which the samples were taken are adult plants. The orange orchards of Fronteira Oeste of RS show leaf deficiency in N, Ca, Mn and Zn and leaf excess of Cu and P. This indicates the need for adequate soil management and fertilization, aiming at increasing the soil organic matter and improving fertilization with N, P, Mn and Zn. The contents of the same nutrient between soil and leaf tissue are not correlated

Indicadores microbiológicos de qualidade do solo em recuperação de um sistema agroflorestal

The verification of soil quality is an important tool to monitor its degradation, and to plan the implementation of sustainable management practices. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil quality in three agroforestry systems located in the Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (APAE RURAL) of Campo Mourão, Paraná. The three areas present distinct stages: an initial one, with characteristics of soil degradation activity (Area 1); an intermediary, where the agroforestry system was implemented a year ago (Area 2); and an advanced one, presenting more mature and perennial forest formation (Area 3). Three functional groups of microorganisms were used in each of the areas: total fungi, aerobic bacteria and cellulase producing bacteria. All microorganisms were quantified by Colony Forming Units per gram (UFC / g) of diluted soil. Area 1 showed lower abundance of total microorganisms, in the order of 105 UFC; Area 2 presented intermediate composition of total fungi, aerobic bacteria and cellulase producing bacteria, with UFC around 107 for the three functional groups; Area 3 had the highest amount of fungi (108), aerobic bacteria (1010) and cellulase producing bacteria (1011). When comparing the areas within each functional group, the lowest amount of aerobic bacteria in Area 1 (107) was observed, as well as a higher amount of cellulase producing bacteria in Area 3 (1011). These results show that the areas have distinct qualities in relation to microorganisms. Area 1 with less microorganisms, Area 2 with intermediate quantities and Area 3 with more colonies formed as expected due to the time of implantation of the agroforestry system in each area.A verificação da qualidade do solo é um instrumento importante para monitorar a sua degradação, e planejar a implantação de práticas sustentáveis de manejo. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade do solo em três áreas com sistema agroflorestal localizadas na Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (APAE RURAL) de Campo Mourão, Paraná. As três áreas apresentam estágios distintos: uma inicial, com características de atividade de degradação do solo (Área 1); uma intermediária, onde foi implantado o sistema agroflorestal há um ano (Área 2); e uma avançada, apresentando formação florestal mais madura e perene (Área 3). Foram utilizados três grupos funcionais de microrganismos em cada uma das áreas, sendo eles: fungos totais, bactérias aeróbias e bactérias produtoras de celulase. Todos os microrganismos foram quantificados por Unidades Formadoras de Colônia por grama (UFC/g) de solo diluído. A Área 1 exibiu menor abundância de microrganismos totais, na ordem de 105 UFC; Área 2 apresentou composição intermediária de fungos totais, bactérias aeróbias e bactérias produtoras de celulase, com UFC em torno de 107 para os três grupos funcionais; Área 3 apresentou maior quantidade dos microrganismos em estudo, com maior quantidade de fungos (108), bactérias aeróbias (1010) e bactérias produtoras de celulase (1011). Quando comparadas as áreas dentro de cada grupo funcional, destacou-se a menor quantidade de bactérias aeróbias na Área 1 (107), assim como maior quantidade de bactérias produtoras de celulase na Área 3 (1011). Esses resultados mostram que as áreas têm qualidades distintas em relação a micro-organismos. A Área 1 com menos micro-organismos, a Área 2 com quantidades intermediárias e a Área 3 com mais colônias formadas conforme o esperado devido ao tempo de implantação do sistema agroflorestal em cada área

Motives for sports practice in young soccer and volleyball athletes

The reasons why athletes, especially young people, seek to adhere to sports practice has aroused the interest of research. The aim of this study was to identify the reasons for the sports practice of young soccer and volleyball athletes according to gender, age, family economic class, practice time and level of competitiveness. 188 athletes, 56 volleyball athletes and 132 soccer players aged 10-16 participated in the study. The reasons for the sport were identified through the Participation Motivation Questionnaire (PMQ). The data were analyzed through Covariance Analysis. The results indicated that, in general, the most important reason for sports practice was “Technical Competence” (4.51±0.54), followed by factors of intermediate importance: “Competition” (4.30±0.73), “Group Activity” (4.29±0.71) and “Physical Fitness” (4.25±0.64). Low-income families (C) attributed greater importance to the motivation factors related to “Social Recognition” and “Group Activity”. Athletes with lower practice time conceded less relevance to “Group Activity” and “Affiliation”, while those with a national competitive level demonstrated greater importance to all motivation factors, with the exception of “Competition.” Young athletes have been motivated to practice sports, especially for reasons related to self-realization, improvement of technical skills and overcoming challenges. Differences were also identified between family economic class groups, practice time and competitive level in the motivation factors for sports practice