171 research outputs found
A visual representation of part-whole relationships in BFO-conformant ontologies
In the visual representation of ontologies, in particular of part-whole relationships, it is customary to use graph theory as the representational background. We claim here that the standard graph-based approach has a number of limitations, and we propose instead a new representation of part-whole structures for ontologies, and describe the results of experiments designed to show the effectiveness of this new proposal especially as concerns reduction of visual complexity. The proposal is developed to serve visualization of ontologies conformant to the Basic Formal Ontology. But it can be used also for more general applications, particularly in the biomedical domain
AnĂÂĄlise de sustentabilidade dos beneficiados do Programa CĂ©dula da Terra no municĂÂpio de Sobral, estado do CearĂÂĄ
The objective of this study is examining the sustainability of settlements of the Cedula da Terra Program, in the municipality of Sobral. For this, was prepared an index of Sustainability (IS) whereas different variables representing economic and social development, social capital and environmental settlements. It is based on studies undertaken by Barreto, Khan and Lima (2005). The results showed an high level of Sustainability for Macapa and average level of Sustainability for the SĂŁo JoĂŁo and PicadaSustainable Development, CĂ©dula da Terra Program, Sobral, Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development,
Risco para violĂȘncia autoprovocada: prenuncio de tragĂ©dia, oportunidade de prevenção
In Brazil, more than 30 self-inflicted deaths per day were registered in 2012, with an estimated number of suicide attempts being 10 to 20 times higher, requiring intersectoral strategies to prevent new cases and follow at-risk groups. The objective of this study was to analyze the association of factors considered of risk for suicide attempt in people attending at a referral hospital in the northern region of CearĂĄ, using the population-based case-control method. We included 153 cases and 153 controls admitted between August 2013 and August 2015, matched by gender, age and origin. Data collection was carried out by means of an appropriate form and information was processed using SPSS. Young adults prevailed, without significant difference by gender, in the sample of cases. Exogenous intoxication emerged as the leading method, and love and family conflict were the main reasons. Leisure proved to be a protective factor. The risk factors were âprevious suicide attemptâ, âhaving some kind of a mental disorderâ, âfamily history of self-injurious behaviorâ and âdrug abuseâ. Many of the controls reported suicidal ideation at some point in their lives. Screening is recommended from the most striking predictors and awareness-raising for notification.En Brasil, se registraron mĂĄs de 30 Ăłbitos auto-provocados por dĂa en 2012 siendo la estimativa para los Intentos de Suicidio entre 10 y 20 veces mayor, lo que exige estrategias intersectoriales para prevenir nuevos casos y hacer un seguimiento de los grupos de riesgo. El objetivo de esta investigaciĂłn fue analizar la asociaciĂłn de factores considerados de riesgo con el intento de suicidio en personas atendidas en un hospital de referencia de la regiĂłn norte de CearĂĄ a partir del mĂ©todo caso-control de base poblacional. Fueron incluidos 153 casos y 153 controles admitidos entre agosto de 2013 y agosto de 2015 emparejados por sexo, edad y procedencia. La recolecciĂłn de los datos fue realizada mediante un formulario propio y las informaciones procesadas por el SPSS. En la muestra de casos prevalecieron los adultos jĂłvenes sin diferencia significativa por sexo. Se destacĂł como mĂ©todo la IntoxicaciĂłn ExĂłgena y las motivaciones por conflictos amorosos y familiares. El ocio demostrĂł ser protector. Los factores de riesgo fueron âintento de suicidio anteriorâ, âser portador de algĂșn trastorno mentalâ, âhistĂłrico familiar de comportamiento auto-lesivoâ y âabuso de drogasâ. Muchos de los controles refirieron ideas suicidas en algĂșn momento de su vida. Se recomienda el seguimiento a partir de los predictores mĂĄs impactantes y la sensibilizaciĂłn para la notificaciĂłn.No Brasil, foram registrados mais de 30 Ăłbitos autoprovocados por dia em 2012 sendo a estimativa para as Tentativas de SuicĂdio cerca de 10 a 20 vezes maior o que exige estratĂ©gias intersetoriais para prevenir novos casos e acompanhar os grupos de risco. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a associação de fatores considerados de risco com a tentativa de suicĂdio em pessoas atendidas em um hospital de referĂȘncia da regiĂŁo norte do CearĂĄ a partir do mĂ©todo caso-controle de base populacional. Foram incluĂdos 153 casos e 153 controles admitidos entre agosto de 2013 e agosto de 2015 pareados por sexo, idade e procedĂȘncia. A coleta de dados foi realizada por um formulĂĄrio prĂłprio e as informaçÔes processadas pelo SPSS. Na amostra de casos prevaleceram os adultos jovens sem diferença significativa por sexo. Destacou-se como mĂ©todo a Intoxicação ExĂłgena e as motivaçÔes por conflitos amorosos e familiares. O lazer demonstrou-se protetor. Os fatores de risco foram âTentativa de suicĂdio anteriorâ, âser portador de algum transtorno mentalâ, âhistĂłrico familiar de comportamento autolesivoâ e âuso abusivo de drogasâ. Muitos dos controles referiram ideação suicida em algum momento da vida. Recomenda-se o rastreamento a partir dos preditores mais impactantes e a sensibilização para notificação
Improving the Quality and Utility of Electronic Health Record Data through Ontologies
The translational research community, in general, and the Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) community, in particular, share the vision of repurposing EHRs for research that will improve the quality of clinical practice. Many members of these communities are also aware that electronic health records (EHRs) suffer limitations of data becoming poorly structured, biased, and unusable out of original context. This creates obstacles to the continuity of care, utility, quality improvement, and translational research. Analogous limitations to sharing objective data in other areas of the natural sciences have been successfully overcome by developing and using common ontologies. This White Paper presents the authorsâ rationale for the use of ontologies with computable semantics for the improvement of clinical data quality and EHR usability formulated for researchers with a stake in clinical and translational science and who are advocates for the use of information technology in medicine but at the same time are concerned by current major shortfalls. This White Paper outlines pitfalls, opportunities, and solutions and recommends increased investment in research and development of ontologies with computable semantics for a new generation of EHRs
Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory
The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger
Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers.
These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of
the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray
energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30
to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of
the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is
determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated
using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due
to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components.
The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of
the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the
AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air
shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy
-- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy
estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the
surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator
scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent
emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for
the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at
least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy
We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio
emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate
energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of
15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV
arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling
quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from
state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our
measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric
energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with
our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector
against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI.
Supplemental material in the ancillary file
Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory
A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding
eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers
with zenith angles greater than detected with the Pierre Auger
Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum
confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above
eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law with
index followed by
a smooth suppression region. For the energy () at which the
spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence
of suppression, we find
eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
Tannins, Peptic Ulcers and Related Mechanisms
This review of the current literature aims to study correlations between the chemical structure and gastric anti-ulcer activity of tannins. Tannins are used in medicine primarily because of their astringent properties. These properties are due to the fact that tannins react with the tissue proteins with which they come into contact. In gastric ulcers, this tannin-protein complex layer protects the stomach by promoting greater resistance to chemical and mechanical injury or irritation. Moreover, in several experimental models of gastric ulcer, tannins have been shown to present antioxidant activity, promote tissue repair, exhibit anti Helicobacter pylori effects, and they are involved in gastrointestinal tract anti-inflammatory processes. The presence of tannins explains the anti-ulcer effects of many natural products
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