Reaction of passion fruit genotypes to root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita e Meloidogyne javanica)

O nematóide das galhas é apontado como uma das causas da baixa produtividade de inúmeras lavouras de maracujá-azedo. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a reação de genótipos de maracujazeiro-azedo aos nematóides das galhas, formado pela mistura de Meloidogyne incognita e Meloidogyne javanica. O ensaio foi conduzido em casa-de-vegetação utilizando o delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e 6 plantas úteis por unidade experimental, em esquema de parcela subdividida com quatro níveis de inóculo: 0; 25; 50 e 75 ovos/ml de substrato, correspondendo as populações iniciais de 0; 3.000; 6.000 e 9.000 ovos por muda, respectivamente, distribuídos nas parcelas e quatro genótipos: Redondão, Yelow Máster FB-100, F1 (Marília x Roxo Australiano) e MAR 20#41, nas subparcelas, totalizando 16 tratamentos. Mudas produzidas em bandejas de poliestireno, contendo substrato artificial à base de vermiculita mais casca de Pinus spp. foram inoculadas aos 40 dias após a semeadura. Avaliações no crescimento vegetativo das plantas e número de galhas foram realizadas noventa dias após a inoculação. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas no crescimento das plantas em função do nível de inóculo. O uso de 3.000 e 6.000 ovos do nematóide por planta resultou em diferença significativa no número de galhas. O genótipo Redondão foi superior às demais cultivares quanto às variáveis relacionadas ao crescimento vegetativo, exceto quanto à massa da matéria fresca de raiz. O genótipo Redondão apresentou moderada resistência quando inoculado com 3.000 ovos por planta do nematóide e moderada suscetibilidade com 6.000 e 9.000 ovos por planta, enquanto o híbrido F1 (Marília x Roxo Australiano) mostrou moderada suscetibilidade com 3.000 ovos por planta e suscetibilidade com 6.000 e 9.000 ovos por planta. Os demais genótipos mostraram moderada suscetibilidade nas três diferentes concentrações de inóculo de Meloidogyne spp (Meloidogyne incognita e Meloidogyne javanica). _____________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe root knot nematode has been the main reasons for low productivity of several passionfruit plantations in Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reaction of passionfruit genotypes to knot root nematode Meloidogyne incognita e Meloidogyne javanica. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse with four randomized blocks and six plants per experimental unit, with a split plot design and four levels of inoculum (0; 25; 50 e 75 eggs/ml of substrate, corresponding to initial population of 0; 3.000; 6.000 e 9.000 eggs per seedling, respectively), as the main plot four genotypes (Redondão, Yelow Máster FB-100, F1 (Marília x Roxo Australiano) and MAR 20#41), were the sub plots, with a total of sixteen treatments. Seedlings were grown in polystyrene trays, with an artificial substrate of vermiculite plus Pinus spp bark inculated 40 days after planting. Evaluations of plant growth and number of root knot were carried out ninety days after inoculation. There were no significant differences on plant growth in relation to level of inoculum. The use of 3.000 and 6.000 eggs of nematodes/plant led to a significant difference in number of root knot. The genotype Redondão was superior for all parameters related to vegetative growth, with exception of root fresh weight. The genotype Redondão showed moderated resistance, when inoculated with 3000 eggs of nematode per plant, while the hybrid F1 (Marília x Roxo Australiano) showed moderated susceptibility with 3.000 eggs per plant and susceptibility with 6.000 and 9.000 eggs per plant. The other genotypes showed moderated susceptibility at all different inoculum concentration of Meloidogyne spp (Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica)

Reaction of ten passionfruit genotypes (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deneger) and Passiflora alata dryand to the race 1 of Meloidogyne incognita

O nematóide das galhas causa perdas econômicas para a cultura do maracujazeiro. Esse experimento apresenta a reação de dez progênies de maracujazeiro azedo (Havaiano, Marília Seleção Cerrado, Redondão, Roxo Fiji x Marília, MAR 20#19, MAR 20#32, MAR 20#42, MAR 20#43, MAR 20#45, MAR 20#58) e do maracujazeiro doce, à raça 1 de Meloidogyne incognita. O experimento foi conduzido sob condição de casa de vegetação. Mudas de 30 dias foram inoculadas com 1.200 ovos/planta de M. incognita (raça 1). Noventa dias após a inoculação, foram avaliados o crescimento vegetativo e o número de galhas por planta. As progênies MAR 20#19, MAR 20#32, MAR 20#42, MAR 20#43, MAR 20#45, Marília Seleção Cerrado (MSC), Redondão e híbrido F1 (Roxo Fiji x Marília) foram moderadamente resistentes à raça 1 de M. incognita. Por outro lado, as progênies Havaiano e MAR 20#58 foram moderadamente susceptíveis, apresentando 65,48% e 43,83% de galhas/planta, respectivamente, em relação à testemunha. Aparentemente, as progênies mais vigorosas mostraram-se mais resistentes, enquanto as progênies menos vigorosas mostraram-se mais susceptíveis ao nematóide. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe knot root nematode causes economic losses to passionfruit. The objective of this work wat to study the reaction of ten progenies of yellow passionfruit (Havaiano, Marília Seleção Cerrado, Redondão, F1 (Roxo Fiji x Marília), MAR 20#19, MAR 20#32, MAR 20#42, MAR 20#43, MAR 20#45, MAR 20#58) and the sweet passionfruit to race 1 of Meloidogyne incognita. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions. Thirty-day-old seedlings were inoculated with the M. incognita (1.200 eggs/plant). Ninety days after inoculation, plant growth parameters and number of galls were observed. The progenies MAR 20#19, MAR 20#32, MAR 20#42, MAR 20#43, MAR 20#45, Marília Seleção Cerrado (MSC), Redondão and hybrid F1 (Roxo Fiji x Marília) were moderately resistant to race 1 of M. incognita. On the other hand, the progenies Havaiano and MAR20#58 were moderately susceptible, showing 65,48% and 43,83% of galls/plant, respectively, in relation to control. Aparently, the progenies more vigorous were more resistant, while the progenies less vigorously were more susceptibles to nematodes

Metabolic control of G1–S transition: cyclin E degradation by p53-induced activation of the ubiquitin–proteasome system

When mitochondrial function fails, p53 is recruited to get rid of cyclin E, bringing mitotic progression to a halt

Physical activity, exercise and self-rated health: a population-based study from Sweden

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In order to screen for the most inactive individuals in the population and target health-related interventions where they are most needed it is important to assess different forms of physical activity in population-based studies. The aims were (1) to identify the most inactive individuals in the population by assessing two dimensions of physical activity, (2) to investigate the correlation between exercise and total physical activity and (3) to investigate the association between exercise, total physical activity and good self-rated health.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A simple random sample of the Swedish population aged 25–64 years were interviewed about their living conditions, health and lifestyle in a survey performed by Statitics Sweden. In total 1876 women and 1880 men completed the survey during 1999 (response rate 76.6%) when two different questions about physical activity assessed exercise and total physical activity in all domains (e.g. transportation, exercise, and at work). Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The most inactive individuals (no exercise and total physical activity ≤ 2 hours per week) constituted 4.3% of the sample. The correlation between exercise and total physical activity was low (gamma = 0.4, <it>p = </it>0.02). There were significant associations between higher levels of exercise, total physical activity and good self-rated health after adjustment for age, gender, country of birth, education, employment, marital status, housing tenure, smoking and BMI.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Both exercise and total physical activity were independently associated with good self-rated health. It seems to be advantageous to use more than one question in population based surveys in order to evaluate several dimensions of physical activity and identify the most inactive individuals.</p

Treatment of pulpal and apical disease: The European Society of Endodontology (ESE) S3-level clinical practice guideline.

BackgroundThe ESE previously published quality guidelines for endodontic treatment in 2006; however, there have been significant changes since not only in clinical endodontics but also in consensus and guideline development processes. In the development of the inaugural S3-level clinical practice guidelines (CPG), a comprehensive systematic and methodologically robust guideline consultation process was followed in order to produce evidence-based recommendations for the management of patients presenting with pulpal and apical disease.AimTo develop an S3-level CPG for the treatment of pulpal and apical disease, focusing on diagnosis and the implementation of the treatment approaches required to manage patients presenting with pulpitis and apical periodontitis (AP) with the ultimate goal of preventing tooth loss.MethodsThis S3-level CPG was developed by the ESE, with the assistance of independent methodological guidance provided by the Association of Scientific Medical Societies in Germany and utilizing the GRADE process. A robust, rigorous and transparent process included the analysis of relevant comparative research in 14 specifically commissioned systematic reviews, prior to evaluation of the quality and strength of evidence, the formulation of specific evidence and expert-based recommendations in a structured consensus process with leading endodontic experts and a broad base of external stakeholders.ResultsThe S3-level CPG for the treatment of pulpal and apical disease describes in a series of clinical recommendations the effectiveness of diagnosing pulpitis and AP, prior to investigating the effectiveness of endodontic treatments in managing those diseases. Therapeutic strategies include the effectiveness of deep caries management in cases with, and without, spontaneous pain and pulp exposure, vital versus nonvital teeth, the effectiveness of root canal instrumentation, irrigation, dressing, root canal filling materials and adjunct intracanal procedures in the management of AP. Prior to treatment planning, the critical importance of history and case evaluation, aseptic techniques, appropriate training and re-evaluations during and after treatment is stressed.ConclusionThe first S3-level CPG in endodontics informs clinical practice, health systems, policymakers, other stakeholders and patients on the available and most effective treatments to manage patients with pulpitis and AP in order to preserve teeth over a patient's lifetime, according to the best comparative evidence currently available

Facial-muscle weakness, speech disorders and dysphagia are common in patients with classic infantile Pompe disease treated with enzyme therapy

Classic infantile Pompe disease is an inherited generalized glycogen storage disorder caused by deficiency of lysosomal acid α-glucosidase. If left untreated, patients die before one year of age. Although enzyme-replacement therapy (ERT) has significantly prolonged lifespan, it has also revealed new aspects of the disease. For up to 11 years, we investigated the frequency and consequences of facial-muscle weakness, speech disorders and dysphagia in long-term survivors. Sequential photographs were used to determine the timing and severity of facial-muscle weakness. Using standardized articulation tests and fibreoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing, we investigated speech and swallowing function in a subset of patients. This study included 11 patients with classic infantile Pompe disease. Median age at the start of ERT was 2.4 months (range 0.1-8.3 months), and median age at the end of the study was 4.3 years (range 7.7 months −12.2 years). All patients developed facial-muscle weakness before the age of 15 months. Speech was studied in four patients. Articulation was disordered, with hypernasal resonance and reduced speech intelligibility in all four. Swallowing function was studied in six patients, the most important findings being ineffective swallowing with residues of food (5/6), penetration or aspiration (3/6), and reduced pharyngeal and/or laryngeal sensibility (2/6). We conclude that facial-muscle weakness, speech disorders and dysphagia are common in long-term survivors receiving ERT for classic infantile Pompe disease. To improve speech and reduce the risk for aspiration, early treatment by a speech therapist and regular swallowing assessments are recommended

Systematic meta-analyses and field synopsis of genetic association studies of violence and aggression

A large number of candidate gene studies for aggression and violence have been conducted. Successful identification of associations between genetic markers and aggression would contribute to understanding the neurobiology of antisocial behavior and potentially provide useful tools for risk prediction and therapeutic targets for high-risk groups of patients and offenders. We systematically reviewed the literature and assessed the evidence on genetic association studies of aggression and related outcomes in order to provide a field synopsis. We searched PubMed and Huge Navigator databases and sought additional data through reviewing reference lists and correspondence with investigators. Genetic association studies were included if outcome data on aggression or violent behavior either as a binary outcome or as a quantitative trait were provided. From 1331 potentially relevant investigations, 185 studies constituting 277 independent associations on 31 genes fulfilled the predetermined selection criteria. Data from variants investigated in three or more samples were combined in meta-analyses and potential sources of heterogeneity were investigated using subgroup analyses. In the primary analyses, which used relaxed inclusion criteria, we found no association between any polymorphism analyzed and aggression at the 5% level of significance. Subgroup analyses, including by severity of outcome, age group, characteristics of the sample and ethnicity, did not demonstrate any consistent findings. Current evidence does not support the use of such genes to predict dangerousness or as markers for therapeutic interventions

Search for flavor changing neutral current interactions of the top quark in final states with a photon and additional jets in proton-proton collisions at s=13 TeV

A search for the production of a top quark in association with a photon and additional jets via flavor changing neutral current interactions is presented. The analysis uses proton-proton collision data recorded by the CMS detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of Formula Presented. The search is performed by looking for processes where a single top quark is produced in association with a photon, or a pair of top quarks where one of the top quarks decays into a photon and an up or charm quark. Events with an electron or a muon, a photon, one or more jets, and missing transverse momentum are selected. Multivariate analysis techniques are used to discriminate signal and standard model background processes. No significant deviation is observed over the predicted background. Observed (expected) upper limits are set on the branching fractions of top quark decays: Formula Presented (Formula Presented) and Formula Presented (Formula Presented) at 95% confidence level, assuming a single nonzero coupling at a time. The obtained limit for Formula Presented is similar to the current best limit, while the limit for Formula Presented is significantly tighter than previous results

Search for new Higgs bosons via same-sign top quark pair production in association with a jet in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV

A search is presented for new Higgs bosons in proton-proton (pp) collision events in which a same-sign top quark pair is produced in association with a jet, via the pp→tH/A→ttc‾ and pp→tH/A→ttu‾ processes. Here, H and A represent the extra scalar and pseudoscalar boson, respectively, of the second Higgs doublet in the generalized two-Higgs-doublet model (g2HDM). The search is based on pp collision data collected at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb−1. Final states with a same-sign lepton pair in association with jets and missing transverse momentum are considered. New Higgs bosons in the 200–1000 GeV mass range and new Yukawa couplings between 0.1 and 1.0 are targeted in the search, for scenarios in which either H or A appear alone, or in which they coexist and interfere. No significant excess above the standard model prediction is observed. Exclusion limits are derived in the context of the g2HDM