UNIVERSIDADES E INOVAÇÃO: configurações institucionais & terceira missão

O texto analisa a chamada “3ª Missão” da universidade de pesquisa, qual seja, a de transferir conhecimento, tecnologia e inovação; que tem sido acompanhada por reconfigurações tanto da pesquisa (alinhando-a ao novo modo de produção cientifica), quanto do ensino (alinhando-o aos novos perfis adequados à economia e sociedade do conhecimento). Faz-se um breve resumo das reformas européias que alteraram profundamente o sistema de governança do ensino superior e de suas universidades, seguido de uma sistematização das mudanças que vêm redefinindo o lugar e papéis das universidades de pesquisa no Brasil – tanto as promovidas pelo MEC, quanto principalmente, pelo MCT. Estes materiais são usados para discutir o ajuste da configuração institucional das universidades de pesquisa brasileiras – especialmente, as da rede federal – aos novos desafios de produzir (e transferir) conhecimentos e quadros que alavanquem a inovação, a economia e sociedade do conhecimento no país. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: transferência de conhecimento e tecnologia, inovação, 3ª. Missão, governança e relevância do ensino superior.UNIVERSITIES AND INNOVATION: institutional configuration & third mission Maria Helena de Magalhães Castro This text analyses the so called “3rd Mission” of the research university, what ever transfer of knowledge, technology and innovation; that has been fallowed by reconfigurations in both researchers (lining up to the new way of scientific production), and education (lining up to new adequate profiles to the economy and society of technology). Doing a brief summary of the European reforms that changed deeply the governance system of higher education and its universities, fallowed by a changing systematization that has been reshaping the place and roles that of the research universities in Brazil – both those promoted by the MEC (Ministry of Education & Culture), and specially those promoted by MCT (Ministry of Science & Technology). These materials are used to discuss the adjustments of the institutional configuration of the Brazilian research universities – specially the federal network – to the new challenges of producing (and transferring) knowledge and frameworks that propels innovation, economy and knowledge society in the country. KEY WORDS: knowledge and technology transfer, innovation, 3rd Mission, governance and relevance of higher education.UNIVERSITÉS ET INNOVATION: configurations institutionnelles & troisième mission Maria Helena de Magalhães Castro Le texte analyse ce qu’on appelle la “Troisième Mission” de l’université en matière de recherche, c’està- dire celle de transmettre connaissance, technologie et innovation. Ceci suppose quelques reconfigurations/ redéfinitions autant de la recherche (en l’ajustant au nouveau mode de production scientifique) que de l’enseignement (en l’ajustant aux nouveaux profils adaptés à l’économie et à la société de la connaissance). On y présente un résumé des réformes européennes, qui modifient profondément le système de gouvernance de l’enseignement supérieur et des universités. Puis une systématisation des changements qui redéfinissent le lieu et le rôle des universités en matière de recherche au Brésil – celles créés par le MEC (Ministère de l’Éducation et de la Culture) mais aussi et surtout celles créés par le MCT (Ministère des Sciences et de la Technologie). Ces documents sont utilisés pour discuter de l’ajustement de la configuration institutionnelle des universités brésiliennes en matière de recherche – et tout spécialement les fédérales – aux nouveaux défis de production (et transfert) des connaissances et des éléments qui favorisent l’innovation, l’économie et la société de la connaissance dans le pays. MOTS-CLÉS: transfert de connaissance et de technologie, innovation, Troisième Mission, gouvernance et importance de l’enseignement supérieur. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br   Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccr

Uma capitania dos novos tempos: economia, sociedade e política na São Paulo restaurada (1765-1822)

O artigo reflete sobre a trajetória da Capitania de São Paulo, a partir de 1750, apontando sua transformação, de fronteira e "boca do sertão", para território estratégico da conquista e defesa das partes meridionais e área economicamente integrada aos circuitos mercantis atlânticos.In this article, we reflect upon the history of the Captaincy of São Paulo as from 1750, drawing attention to its transformation from frontier land and "door to the backcountry" into a territory of strategic value for the purposes of conquest and defense of the southern regions, and economically integrated into the Atlantic trade routes

Postmortem Analyses Unveil the Poor Efficacy of Decontamination, Anti-Inflammatory and Immunosuppressive Therapies in Paraquat Human Intoxications

studies resulting from human PQ poisonings have assessed the relationship of these therapeutic measures with PQ toxicokinetics and related histopathological lesions, these being the aims of the present study.For that purpose, during 2008, we collected human fluids and tissues from five forensic autopsies following fatal PQ poisonings. PQ levels were measured by gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry. Structural inflammatory lesions were evaluated by histological and immunohistochemistry analysis. The samples of cardiac blood, urine, gastric and duodenal wall, liver, lung, kidney, heart and diaphragm, showed quantifiable levels of PQ even at 6 days post-intoxication. Structural analysis showed diffused necrotic areas, intense macrophage activation and leukocyte infiltration in all analyzed tissues. By immunohistochemistry it was possible to observe a strong nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation and excessive collagen deposition.Considering the observed PQ levels in all analyzed tissues and the expressive inflammatory reaction that ultimately leads to fibrosis, we conclude that the therapeutic protocol usually performed needs to be reviewed, in order to increase the efficacy of PQ elimination from the body as well as to diminish the inflammatory process

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio