Fasciolose.

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Training graduate students to be teachers

Pedagogic education of graduate students, when and where it exists, is restricted to theoretical courses or to the participation of the students as teachers' assistants. This model is essentially reproductive and offers few opportunities for any significant curriculum innovation. To open an opportunity for novelty we have introduced a new approach in Biochemistry Teaching, a course included in the Biochemistry Graduate Program of the Biochemistry Department (Universidade Estadual de Campinas and Universidade de São Paulo). The content of the course consists of a) choosing the theme, b) selecting and organizing the topics, c) preparing written material, d) establishing the methodological strategies, e) planning the evaluation tools and, finally, f) as teachers, conducting the course as an optional summer course for undergraduate students. During the first semester the graduate students establish general and specific educational objectives, select and organize contents, decide on the instructional strategies and plan evaluation tools. The contents are explored using a wide range of strategies, which include computer-aided instruction, laboratory classes, small group teaching, a few lectures and round table discussions. The graduate students also organize printed class notes to be used by the undergraduate students. Finally, as a group, they teach the summer course. In the three versions already developed, the themes chosen were Biochemistry of Exercise (UNICAMP), Biochemistry of Nutrition (UNICAMP) and Molecular Biology of Plants (USP). In all cases the number of registrations greatly exceeded the number of places and a selection had to be made. The evaluation of the experience by both graduate and undergraduate students was very positive. Graduate students considered this experience to be unique and recommended it to their schoolmates; the undergraduate students benefited from a more flexible curriculum (more options) and gave very high scores to both the courses and the teachers.1457146

Crescimento de Bertholletia excelsa em floresta nativa no Mato Grosso.

Resumo

Aspectos funcionais e nutricionais do tomate: uso de agrotóxicos na tomaticultura de São José de Ubá (RJ).

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Vulnerabilidade ao Stress e Autoestima em Professores do 1.º, 2.º E 3.º Ciclo

Introdução: O stress condiciona o comportamento e desenvolvimento pessoal, podendo ter consequências preocupantes ao nível individual e organizacional. Os professores são uma classe reconhecida como estando sujeita a elevados níveis de stress, fator que prejudica a qualidade do ensino em geral. Objetivos: Avaliar a vulnerabilidade ao stress; identificar os principais fatores de stress e avaliar a correlação entre autoestima e stress, em professores do 1.º, 2.º e 3.º ciclos do ensino básico. Metodologia: Estudo correlacional, com uma amostra constituída por 60 professores do 1.º, 2.º e 3.º ciclos de escolaridade, de escolas do concelho de Leiria. Para a análise das variáveis em estudo foram aplicados: um questionário sociodemográfico; a Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES); o Questionário de stress nos professores: ensino básico e secundário (QSPEBS) e a Escala de vulnerabilidade ao stress (23 QVS). Resultados: O estudo revela que 65% dos professores percecionam a profissão como stressante e que 30% são vulneráveis ao stress. O principal fator de stress identificado foi comportamentos inadequados/indisciplina dos alunos. Verificou-se uma correlação negativa entre a autoestima e a vulnerabilidade ao stress dos professores. Conclusão: Conclui-se que, quanto mais elevada é a auto-estima, menor é a vulnerabilidade dos professores ao stress e que, apesar de não se registarem níveis significativos de vulnerabilidade ao stress na população docente, a maioria dos professores perceciona a sua atividade profissional como geradora de elevados níveis de stress, sendo os comportamentos inadequados/indisciplina dos alunos o fator que mais contribui para o stress nos docentes. / Introduction: Stress affects behavior and personal development, and may have severe consequences either at the individual or organizational level. Teachers are identified as a class exposed to high levels of stress, factor that affects the quality of education in general. Objectives: To assess stress vulnerability; identify key stressors and assess the correlation between self-esteem and stress in primary and secondary school teachers. Methodology: A sociodemographic questionnaire and three self-report measures were administered to a sample of 60 primary and secondary teachers from Leiria district: the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES); a teachers stress questionnaire for primary, secondary and high school (QSPEBS) and a scale to access stress vulnerability (23 QVS). Results: The study reveals that 65% of teachers perceive the profession as stressful and that 30% are vulnerable to stress. The main stressor identified is inappropriate/disruptive behavior of students. There is a negative correlation between self-esteem and vulnerability to stress of teachers. Conclusion: We conclude that a higher self-esteem leads to less stress vulnerability in teachers and that, despite the non-significant level of vulnerability determined in this study, most teachers perceive their activity as stressful, being inappropriate/disruptive behavior of students the factor that most contributes for that

The bile duct ligated rat : a relevant model to study muscle mass loss in cirrhosis

Muscle mass loss and hepatic encephalopathy (complex neuropsychiatric disorder) are serious complications of chronic liver disease (cirrhosis) which impact negatively on clinical outcome and quality of life and increase mortality. Liver disease leads to hyperammonemia and ammonia toxicity is believed to play a major role in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. However, the effects of ammonia are not brain-specific and therefore may also affect other organs and tissues including muscle. The precise pathophysiological mechanisms underlying muscle wasting in chronic liver disease remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we characterized body composition as well as muscle protein synthesis in cirrhotic rats with hepatic encephalopathy using the 6-week bile duct ligation (BDL) model which recapitulates the main features of cirrhosis. Compared to sham-operated control animals, BDL rats display significant decreased gain in body weight, altered body composition, decreased gastrocnemius muscle mass and circumference as well as altered muscle morphology. Muscle protein synthesis was also significantly reduced in BDL rats compared to control animals. These findings demonstrate that the 6-week BDL experimental rat is a relevant model to study liver disease-induced muscle mass loss

Simulações para avaliação dos impactos de economia de água nos centros de reservação de Curitiba

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Daniel Costa dos SantosMonografia (graduação) - Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor de Tecnologia. Curso de Graduação em Engenharia AmbientalInclui referênciasResumo : O objetivo deste trabalho é estimular a economia de água e sensibilizar o usuário a utilizar formas eficientes para promover a diminuição do consumo exacerbado. Incentivar o uso consciente, reforçando a educação ambiental e estimular o investimento em dispositivos de economia de água. Com uma análise detalhada do Sistema de Abastecimento de Água de Curitiba e Região Metropolitana – SAIC, foram realizadas simulações nos centros de reservação do Cajuru e do Corte Branco. A partir dessas simulações, foi realizada a redistribuição do volume total de água economizado para as regiões onde o consumo médio é inferior ao consumo mínimo de conforto. A análise também foi realizada referente ao impacto que essa economia gerará no rodízio que está sendo realizado na cidade de Curitiba desde março de 2020. Finalmente, foi avaliada a motivação para a distribuição do rodízio e a influência do poder aquisitivo no seu relaxamento. A partir de toda essa análise, o resultado obtido foi que com as ações propostas, para diminuição dos desperdícios, seria possível atingir de forma positiva uma grande parcela da população.Abstract : The objective of this study is to stimulate water savings and sensitize the user to use efficient ways to promote a reduction in exacerbated consumption. Encourage conscientious use, reinforcing environmental education and encouraging investment in water-saving devices. With a detailed analysis of the Water Supply System of Curitiba and Metropolitan Region - SAIC, carrying out simulations in the reserve centers of Cajuru and Corte Branco. Based on these simulations, the total volume of water saved will be redistributed to regions where the average consumption is lower than the minimum consumption for comfort. The analysis will also be made regarding the impact that this economy will generate in the rotation that has been carried out in the city of Curitiba since March 2020. Finally, the motivation for the rotation distribution and the influence of purchasing power on its relaxation will be evaluated. From all this analysis, the result obtained was with the proposed actions, to reduce waste, it would be possible to positively reach a large portion of the population