HISTÓRIAS E MEMÓRIAS NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL: UM ELO ENTRE LITERATURA INFANTIL, PNBE E PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA

O presente artigo discute acerca do trabalho com a literatura na Educação Infantil considerando a importante contribuição do PNBE neste processo, uma vez que este programa tem como objetivo formar e qualificar bibliotecas escolares. Trata-se de um estudo teórico sobre o PNBE e a literatura infantil, ilustrado com a narrativa de uma experiência do trabalho com a leitura na Educação Infantil. De tal forma, os objetivos deste artigo são: i) apresentar o PNBE e refletir sobre suas contribuições na escola; ii) relatar uma experiência de leitura na educação infantil; iii) mostrar que o trabalho com a literatura na educação infantil pode estar atrelado aos interesses das crianças e pode ser uma preciosa ferramenta na descoberta do mundo pelos pequenos. Compreendemos que intencionalidade e formação constituem-se aspectos fundamentais na construção de um trabalho que afeta significativamente os alunos, possibilitando o estabelecimento de uma relação frutuosa entre a criança e os livros

Revisiting the metallothionein genes polymorphisms and the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma in a Brazilian population

Metallothioneins (MTs) gene polymorphisms have been associated with the ability of free radical scavenging and detoxification of heavy metals leading to cancer development. Our aim was to revisit, in a Brazilian population, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MT gene family previously associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A case-control investigation with 28 OSCC patients and 45 controls was conducted, using conventional risk factors (tobacco use and alcohol consumption) as covariates. SNPs genotyping for rs8052334 (MT1B), rs964372 (MT1B), and rs1610216 (MT2A) was performed by PCR-RFLP, and SNPs for rs11076161 (MT1A) were analyzed by TaqMan assay. The only SNP associated with increased risk for OSCC was the MT-1A AA genotype (OR = 4.7; p = 0.01). We have also evidenced for the first time a significant linkage disequilibrium between the SNPs of MT-2A and MT-1A in this population with the highest frequency (30%) of the unfavorable haplotype G/A/C/T (rs1610216 / rs11076161 / rs964372 / rs8052334) of MT gene polymorphisms (OR = 6.2; p = 0.04). Interestingly, after removing the effects of conventional risk factors, we have uncovered the significance of the AA genotype of the rs11076161 with increased odds of 19-fold higher towards OSCC development. This is the first demonstration that a significant linkage disequilibrium among gene polymorphisms of the MT family may affect susceptibility to oral cancer, which is conditioned by the G/A/C/T haplotype (rs1610216/rs11076161/rs964372/ rs8052334) and the MT-1A gene polymorphism has a potential clinical utility for the OSCC risk assessment

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Desenvolvimento de um padrão de genotipagem por LIS-SSCP (Conformação Polimórfica de Fita Simples em Baixa Força Iônica) para o polimorfismo 145Thr/Met do gene da glicoproteína Ib alfa e análise de sua influência na doença arterial coronária

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação)O presente trabalho objetivou desenvolver um padrão de genotipagem para o polimorfismo 145Thr/Met por meio da técnica LIS-SSCP e analisar a sua influência no desenvolvimento da DAC e IAM (infarto agudo do miocárdio)

Molecular analysis of polymorphisms and gene expression of growth transforming factor β1 (TGF-β1) in prostate cancer

In recent decades, prostate cancer has emerged as one of the most common diseases among older men. In Brazil and the United States is the second most commonly diagnosed after non-melanoma skin cancer. Also, it is the second cause of death in men after lung cancer. Among the cytokines that make up the family of Transforming Growth Factors p (TGF-ps), TGF-pi is most often overexpressed in tumor cells and plays a central role in tumor transformation and progression as well as tumor repression; being the main focus of most studies on the role of growth factors in tumorigenesis. Several studies have shown that somatic mutations in TGF-β1 and other components of its signaling pathway are also associated with tumor development. In the present study, TGF-β1 gene expression in peripheral blood samples from patients with prostate adenocarcinoma (CaP) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) was evaluated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. clinical presentation of patients, disease staging, and also the presence of the LeulOPro (T and C alleles) and Arg25Pro (alleles G and C) polymorphisms, present in exon 1 of the TGFB1 gene. The technique used for patient genotyping was PCR-ARMS, which proved to be very efficient for this. No statistically significant differences were observed between the genotypes and the patient groups analyzed. However, the presence of the C allele in Codon 10 may be involved in the progression of cancer once installed, since a trend was observed between patients with CaP and patients with this disease. allele in presenting a higher Gleason score. We also found a higher level of TGFB1 gene transcripts in patients with CaP, suggesting that this may be a potential serum biomarker for prostate cancer. However, subsequent studies are needed to better understand the role of this cytokine in the development and progression of this disease.Dissertação (Mestrado)Nas últimas décadas, o câncer de próstata tem emergido como uma das doenças mais comuns entre os homens idosos. No Brasil e nos Estados Unidos é o segundo mais comumente diagnosticado após o câncer de pele não melanoma. Outrossim, é a segunda causa de morte em homens depois do câncer de pulmão. Dentre as citocinas que compõem a família dos Fatores p de Transformação do Crescimento (TGF-ps), o TGF-pi é mais freqüentemente superexpresso em células tumorais e desempenha um papel central na transformação e progressão tumoral, tanto quanto na repressão do tumor; sendo o foco principal da maioria dos estudos sobre o papel dos fatores de crescimento na tumorigênese. Vários estudos têm demonstrado que mutações somáticas no TGF-pi e em outros componentes da sua via de sinalização, também estão associadas ao desenvolvimento de tumores. No presente estudo foi avaliada a expressão gênica do TGF-pi em amostras de sangue periférico de pacientes com adenocarcinoma da próstata (CaP) e hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB), por meio da técnica de RT-PCR semi-quantitativa, correlacionando-a ao quadro clínico dos pacientes, estadiamento da doença e, também, à presença dos polimorfismos LeulOPro (alelos T e C) e Arg25Pro (alelos G e C), presentes no éxon 1 do gene TGFB1. A técnica utilizada para a genotipagem dos pacientes foi a PCR-ARMS, mostrando-se bastante eficiente para tal. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os genótipos e os grupos de pacientes analisados, porém, a presença do alelo C no Códon 10 pode estar envolvida na progressão do câncer uma vez instalado, pois foi observada uma tendência entre os pacientes com CaP e portadores desse alelo em apresentar um escore de Gleason mais elevado. Encontramos também um maior nível de transcritos do gene TGFB1 em pacientes com CaP, sugerindo que este pode ser um potencial biomarcador sérico para o câncer de próstata. Contudo, estudos subseqüentes se fazem necessários para uma melhor compreensão do papel dessa citocina no desenvolvimento e progressão dessa doença

Novos biomarcadores para o diagnóstico não invasivo do carcinoma oral de células escamosas

CHAPTER I: Early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an important factor to reduce mortality rates and treatment success is directly related to its diagnosis at early stages. However, unfortunately, most oral carcinomas are diagnosed in late stages of the disease. This is the first study that describes an scFv fragment, selected by Phage Display against total salivary proteins, that effectively recognize antigens with diagnostic potential for early detection of oral cancer. ELISA immunoassays in 30 samples of saliva from OSCC patients and 30 healthy subjects showed that the scFv D09 recognize antigens present in tumoral samples (p <0.0001). The diagnostic test showed high discriminative power with a significant ROC curve (AUC=0.97) and 100% specificity. Imunohistochemistry tests revealed that the selected antibody also showed higher affinity to tissues related to well differentiated oral carcinomas, such as keratin pearls. The two-dimensional proteomic analysis revealed that the scFv D09 recognizes two spots in saliva samples (~50 kDa; pI 5.75 e 5.86) and only one in tissue samples (~28 kDa and pI 4.68). Final characterization of the peptides sequences is under investigation through mass spectrometry. These data, although preliminary, may significantly alter the diagnosis of oral cancer, once they provide strong evidence that saliva is a powerful clinical tool for early detection through a non-invasive and highly sensitive diagnostic method. CHAPTER II: Several studies have been suggesting annexin A1 protein as an active player in tumorigenesis of many organs. Nevertheless, its tumor biomarker role has been mainly studied in tissues by immunohistochemistry or cell culture. Hence, in this investigation, the peripheral blood from 27 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients and 25 negative control individuals were examined by quantitative real-time PCR. Down-regulated ANXA1 expression at mRNA level was observed in OSCC samples (p = 0.026). Significantly diminished mRNA levels correlated to age, sex and the anatomical site of the tumor lesion were observed. Moreover, the ROC curve analysis revealed the performance of ANXA1 expression as a suitable biomarker for patients with oral cavity cancer, especially those with 60 years of age or older and/or women. For the first time, ANXA1 mRNA is revealed as blood-based biomarker, and its adoption for complementary non-invasive diagnosis of OSCC is suggested. These results suggest that, beyond the anti-inflammatory function, annexin A1 may also play a tumor suppressor role in peripheral blood cells, such as leukocytes.Doutor em Genética e BioquímicaCAPÍTULO I: A detecção precoce do carcinoma oral de céulas escamosas (OSCC) é fator importante na diminuição das taxas de mortalidade e o sucesso do tratamento relaciona-se diretamente com seu diagnóstico em fases iniciais. Contudo, infelizmente, a maioria dos carcinomas orais é diagnosticada em fases tardias da doença. No presente trabalho, pela primeira vez, é descrito um fragmento scFv, selecionado por Phage Display contra proteínas totais salivares, que reconhece efetivamente antígenos com potencial diagnóstico para a detecção precoce do câncer oral. A análise de reatividade por meio do teste imunoenzimático ELISA em 30 amostras de saliva de pacientes com OSCC e 30 indivíduos saudáveis, mostrou que o scFv D09 reconhece antígenos presentes na saliva tumoral (p<0.0001). O teste diagnóstico apresentou elevado poder discriminativo, avaliado estatisticamente pela curva ROC (AUC=0.97), além de 100% de especificidade. Ensaios de imunohistoquímca mostraram que o anticorpo seleciondo também apresenta afinidade por estruturas teciduais características de carcinomas orais bem diferenciados, como, por exemplo, pérolas de queratina. A análise proteômica bidimensional revelou que o scFv D09 reconhece 2 spots nas amostras de saliva (~50 kDa; pI 5.75 e 5.86) e apenas um nas amostras de tecido (~28 kDa and pI 4.68). A caracterização final das sequências peptídicas está em andamento por meio de espectrometria de massas. Esses dados, embora preliminares, alteram significativamente o diagnóstico do câncer oral, pois fornecem fortes evidências de que a saliva representa uma poderosa ferramenta clínica para sua detecção precoce, por meio de um método diagnóstico de baixo custo, minimamente invasivo e altamente sensível. CAPÍTULO II: Vários estudos têm descrito a anexinaA1 (ANXA1) como uma proteína ativa no processo de tumorigênese em muitos órgãos. Contudo, o seu papel como biomarcador tem sido, principalmente, avaliado em amostras de tecido por imuno-histoquímica ou cultura celular. Na presente investigação, amostras de sangue periférico de 27 pacientes com carcinoma oral de células escamosas (OSCC) e 25 voluntários saudáveis foram examinadas por meio da técnica de RT-PCR em tempo real quantitativa. Foram observados menores níveis de expressão dos transcritos nos pacientes com OSCC (p=0.026). Níveis significativamente menores de RNA mensageiro foram correlacionados à idade, sexo e também ao sítio anatômico das lesões tumorais. Ademais, análises estatísticas por meio de curvas ROC revelaram que a análise da expressão da ANXA1 é adequada para discriminar pacientes com lesões dentro da cavidade oral, especialmente aqueles do sexo feminino e/ou com 60 anos de idade ou mais. Pela primeira vez foi demonstrado o potencial da ANXA1 como biomarcador sanguíneo e propõe-se a sua adoção como teste diagnóstico complementar não-invasivo. Esses dados sugerem que, além da sua função antiinflamatória, a anexina A1 pode ainda desempenhar um papel supressor de tumor em células do sangue periférico, tais como os leucócitos