The teaching of parametric representation: .parametric representation and nonlinear processes

Las representaciones que suelen usar los arquitectos para desarrollar sus proyectos arquitectónicos contienen información sobre él, pero no acerca de los procesos de modelado que se han llevado a cabo para obtenerlas, cosa que impide su automatización. Esto hace que el proceso de diseño tienda a desarrollarse de forma lineal, ya que depende de la elaboración de múltiples representaciones que deben ser reconstruidas manualmente cada vez que éste se modifica. La representación paramétrica, en cambio, se basa en la descripción de su propio proceso de modelado, lo que ofrece una forma radicalmente diferente de afrontar el problema de la representación y, por extensión, del diseño en sí mismo. Este artículo expone estos argumentos, contrastándolos con la experiencia docente de sus autores durante la impartición de una asignatura de modelado tridimensional avanzado en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Barcelona.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Integration of Language Models in Sequence to Sequence Optical Music Recognition Systems

El present projecte és un estudi del potencial d'integrar per mitjà de diverses tècniques un model de llenguatge a un sistema de Reconeixement Òptic de Partitures (OMR) basat en una arquitectura Sequence to Sequence. L'objectiu és millorar el rendiment del model sobre partitures manuscrites antigues, que són especialment complexes d'interpretar a causa del seu elevat grau de variabilitat i les distorsions que solen incorporar.The following project is a study of the potential of integrating a language model into a Sequence to Sequence-based Optical Music Recognition (OMR) system through various techniques. The goal is to improve the performance of the model on handwritten old music scores, whose interpretation is particularly error-prone due to their high degree of variability and distortion.El presente proyecto es un estudio del potencial de integrar por medio de varias técnicas un modelo de lenguaje a un sistema de Reconocimiento Óptico de Partituras (OMR) basado en una arquitectura Sequence to Sequence. El objetivo es mejorar el rendimiento del modelo sobre partituras manuscritas antiguas, que son especialmente complicadas de interpretar a causa de su elevado grado de variabilidad y las distorsiones que suelen incorporar

Calculation of Nott dynamic retinoscopy

The accommodation that the eye uses to focus at a certain distance does not correspond exactly with the value of the accommodative stimulus. Such accommodation matches the diopter value of what is called the accommodative response. The Nott method is used in the optometric examination to measure the accommodative response at 40 cm by dynamic retinoscopy. The test is performed with the eye compensated by its neutralizing lens (PNL), obtained from binocular subjective examination. In the literature one can find a measurement procedure in which an accommodative test is situated at a distance of 40 cm, starting from that distance, the optometrist without moving the test, shifts the retinoscope until he finds the point of neutralization. The value of the lead or lag of accommodation is usually obtained by subtracting at 2.50D the inverse of the distance to the point of neutralization (in meters). The value of 2.50D is considered accommodative stimulus at 40 cm. The normal value of the accommodative response, considered for the test at 40 cm, is +0'50 or +0.25 D with a standard deviation of ± 0'25D

The human RC3 gene homolog, NRGN contains a thyroid hormone-responsive element located in the first intron

9 pages, 5 figures.NRGN is the human homolog of the neuron-specific rat RC3/neurogranin gene. This gene encodes a postsynaptic 78-amino acid protein kinase substrate that binds calmodulin in the absence of calcium, and that has been implicated in dendritic spine formation and synaptic plasticity. In the rat brain RC3 is under thyroid hormone control in specific neuronal subsets in both developing and adult animals. To evaluate whether the human gene is also a target of thyroid hormone we have searched for T3-responsive elements in NRGN cloned genomic fragments spanning the whole gene. Labeled DNA fragments were incubated with T3 receptors (T3R) and 9-cis-retinoic acid receptors and immunoprecipitated using an anti T3R antibody. A receptor-binding site was localized in the first intron, 3000 bp downstream from the origin of transcription. Footprinting analysis revealed the sequence GGATTAAATGAGGTAA, closely related to the consensus T3-responsive element of the direct repeat (DR4) type. This sequence binds the T3R-9-cis-retinoic acid receptors heterodimers, but not T3R monomers or homodimers, and is able to confer regulation by T3R and T3 when fused upstream of the NRGN or thymidine kinase promoters. The data reported in this work suggest that NRGN is a direct target of thyroid hormone in human brain, and that control of expression of this gene could underlay many of the consequences ofhypothyroidism on mental states during development as well as in adult subjects.This work was supported by grants from Fundación Ramon Areces and DGICYT (PM95–0019).Peer reviewe

Measurement accuracy in accommodative response by the Nott method

The measurement of accommodative response is usually performed by means of the Nott method. The accommodative response values were obtained as described in the bibliography and considering that the neutralizing lens shapes the target image. The values in accommodative response differ according to the calculation method utilized. The accommodation and convergence values when the target is placed 40 cm away from the glasses are not the same in emmetropic and ametropic subjects. At the position of the effective binocular object, the initial values are indeed the same for both types of subjects. Comparing with experimental measurements using the Monocular Estimate Method (Mem), it was obtained the same values given the effect of the neutralizing lens. Optimizing the Nott method would require placing the target at a position where the effective binocular object is 40 cm. Furthermore, the effect of the neutralizing lens should be considered in the calculation method

El vehículo de hidrógeno. Almacenamiento de hidrógeno en polímeros de microporosidad intrínseca (PIMs)

El cambio climático se presenta como uno de los grandes retos en la actualidad de la humanidad, cobrando importancia el desarrollo de alternativas sostenibles que no conlleven emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero. El sector del transporte supone casi un 70% del consumo de combustibles fósiles. Una posible solución es la utilización del hidrógeno como alternativa sostenible al empleo de combustibles fósiles, disminuyendo las emisiones de gases. Para que se difunda el uso del hidrógeno como alternativa sin emisiones, será necesaria la creación de un mercado que permita conseguir una disminución de los costes de suministro, y alcanzar la competitividad frente a otras alternativas. El presente Trabajo Fin de Grado (TFG) se centra en el vehículo de hidrógeno y los principales tipos de almacenamiento de hidrógeno, destacando la posible implementación de materiales nanoporosos como futuras pilas de combustible. El almacenamiento de hidrógeno en sólidos mediante fisisorción es un tema de gran interés en la actualidad. El objetivo es buscar compuestos constituidos elementos ligeros, que tengan una gran cantidad de volumen libre en su interior y presenten una gran estabilidad térmica y homogeneidad. En este contexto, en este TFG se estudia el almacenamiento de hidrógeno en polímeros de microporosidad intrínseca (PIMs), una clase de sólidos microporosos amorfos constituidos por materiales orgánicos, que poseen una microporosidad intrínseca debida a la existencia de poros interconectados de diámetro menor o igual a 2 nm.Climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity today, and the development of sustainable alternatives that do not involve greenhouse gas emissions is becoming increasingly important. The transport sector accounts for almost 70% of fossil fuel consumption. One possible solution is the use of hydrogen as a sustainable alternative to the use of fossil fuels, reducing gas emissions. In order for the use of hydrogen to become widespread as an emission-free alternative, it will be necessary to create a market that will enable a reduction in supply costs and achieve competitiveness compared to other alternatives. This Final Degree Project (TFG) focuses on the hydrogen vehicle and the main types of hydrogen storage, highlighting the possible implementation of nanoporous materials as future fuel cells. The storage of hydrogen in solids by physisorption is a topic of great interest at present. The aim is to search for compounds consisting of light elements, which have a large amount of free volume in their interior and present high thermal stability and homogeneity. In this context, this TFG studies hydrogen storage in intrinsic microporous polymers (IMPs), a class of amorphous microporous solids made of organic materials, which have an intrinsic microporosity due to the existence of interconnected pores of diameter less than or equal to 2 nm.Grado en Físic

Human mortality effects of economic growth fluctuations of Austrian population based on 1960-2017 data

Recently, researchers have seen the need to study the increase in life expectancy and thus, mortality decline throughout the years in order to understand population structure for policymakers, individuals, governments, pension funds and insurance companies. The first and most accepted mortality model is the one of Lee and Carter (1995) and has been widely used in different papers in order to fit and forecast mortality. The main objective of this research is to study the effects of macroeconomic factors on human mortality. For this reason, the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) per capita parameter, considered as a good indicator of a country's economic growth, will be added into the model as proposed by Niu and Melenberg (2014) in order to allow for more precise interpretations of the model. This paper will analyze Austrian population for the years 1960-2017, and its parameters will be estimated by Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and finally Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) procedure will be used in order to forecast mortality for the next 10 years with 95% confidence intervals

Analysis of the calculation of the amplitude of accommodation

The push-up method is routinely used to measure the amplitude of accommodation. In this method the diopter value corresponding to the nearest point that the eye can focus is determined, wearing his neutralizing lens, but not the value of the maximum diopter variation that makes the eye. The aim of this paper is to review the calculation described in the push-up method taking into account the real position of the near point of the eye. In the subjective push-up method, it is calculated the reciprocal of the distance from the lens until the test object at this position of first, slight, sustained blur. We calculated the differences between this value and the ocular amplitude of accommodation, taking into account that the eye is really looking at the image of first blur through the neutralizing lens. Experimental measurements were also taken to determine whether they were similar to theoretical values. The results obtained by the two calculation methods compared were in general significantly different and the difference was greater for young people with high ametropy. The theoretical results were in agreement with the experimental ones. According to the optometric information required must select the appropriate calculation method, since the values obtained in each of them are not comparable