Sprachförderung für Erwachsene in Österreich. Sprachenpolitische Rahmenbedingungen und Ergebnisse einer Erhebung

Bei dem folgenden Beitrag handelt es sich um eine Darstellung des Istzustandes der Sprachförderung in Österreich. Diese beschränkt sich aus offizieller Sicht beinahe vollständig auf die so genannte „Integrationsvereinbarung“, daneben gibt es aber noch zahlreiche andere Angebote, die vor allem von den Volkshochschulen durchgeführt werden. Da es aber kaum Daten zu den bestehenden Sprachfördermaßnahmen gibt, versuchten die AutorInnen im Rahmen einer quantitativen Online-Erhebung eine erste Annäherung an Zahl und Art der angebotenen Maßnahmen in Österreich zu erreichen. Bei der Erhebung ließ sich eine große Differenzierung bei den Kursformaten, die hier nicht im Detail vorgestellt werden, ermitteln und es zeigte sich auch, dass die Sprachförderarbeit quantitativ und qualitativ doch deutlich über die zwangsverpflichtenden „Deutsch-Integrationskurse“ hinausgeht. (DIPF/Orig.

L’obligation conventionnelle d’enquête sur les atteintes à la vie dans le contexte des conflits armés

La condamnation des Pays-Bas dans l’affaire Jaloud sonne comme un double avertissement aux Etats européens intervenant militairement à l’étranger. D’une part, ils emportent avec eux leurs obligations issues de la Convention, et ce, quand bien même un autre Etat contractant occuperait le territoire étranger. D’autre part, la situation de conflit armé n’est pas synonyme d’indulgence de la Cour dans l’examen des obligations positives découlant de la Convention

La construction discursive de l'identité nationale

Cet article vise à présenter les recherches menées à l’Institut de linguistique appliquée de l’Université de Vienne sur les identités nationales, en particulier l’identité autrichienne, réalisées à l’occasion des années anniversaire de la IIe République – 1995, 2005 et 2015 – ainsi que l'approche méthodologique de l'école viennoise de l’analyse de discours (« approche historique de l’analyse de discours », « Diskurshistorischer Ansatz »). Après avoir indiqué les principales hypothèses qui fondent nos recherches, les instruments d’analyse employés ainsi que le corpus étudié, l’article analyse, à l'aide d'exemples, différents aspects relatifs à la construction des identités nationales : leurs contenus, les stratégies argumentatives ainsi que les moyens et les formes de réalisation linguistiques. Enfin, quelques évolutions des discours sur l’identité nationale autrichienne entre 1995 et 2015 seront présentées

Pathological features and outcomes of incidental renal cell carcinoma in candidate solid organ donors

Background: We report the findings of a single Italian center in the evaluation of renal lesions in deceased donors from 2001 to 2017. In risk evaluation, we applied the current Italian guidelines, which include donors with small (< 4 cm, stage pT1a) renal carcinomas in the category of non-standard donors with a negligible risk of cancer transmission. Methods: From the revision of our registries, 2,406 donors were considered in the Emilia Romagna region of Italy; organs were accepted from 1,321 individuals for a total of 3,406 organs. Results: The evaluation of donor safety required frozen section analysis for 51 donors, in which a renal suspicious lesion was detected by ultrasound. Thirty-two primary renal tumors were finally diagnosed: 26 identified by frozen sections and 6 in discarded kidneys. The 32 tumors included 13 clear cell renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), 6 papillary RCCs, 6 angiomyolipomas, 5 oncocytomas, 1 chromophobe RCC, and 1 papillary adenoma. No cases of tumor transmission were recorded in follow-up of the recipients. Conclusion: Donors with small RCCs can be accepted to increase the donor pool. Collaboration in a multidisciplinary setting is fundamental to accurately evaluate donor candidate risk assessment and to improve standardized protocols for surgeons and pathologists

Retrospective screening of solid organ donors in Italy, 2009, reveals unpredicted circulation of West Nile virus

Since the occurrence of West Nile virus (WNV) infection in humans in 2008 in Italy, concerns have been raised about the potential risks associated with solid organ transplantation (SOT). A nationwide retrospective survey showed that 1.2% of SOT donors in 2009 were WNV-seropositive and demonstrated that human WNV infection is distributed throughout several Italian regions. Transmission of WNV or other arboviruses through SOT is a possibility and risk assessment should be carried out before SOT to avoid infection through transplantatation

The nation in context: how intergroup relations shape the discursive construction of identity continuity and discontinuity

The perceived collective continuity (PCC) of a national identity serves as a crucial source of stability and self‐esteem for group members. Recent work has explored the consequences of perceived continuity when the meaning of a nation’s past is seen in a negative light, and the challenges this brings for the negotiation of a positive identity in the present, signalling the potential value of perceived discontinuity The current paper extends this literature by examining the role of intergroup relations in the construction of both collective continuities and discontinuities. Through analysing the discursive management of national identity in nine focus groups in a post‐conflict context (Serbia, N = 67), we reveal how the tensions between continuity and discontinuity are embedded within a broader discussion of the nation’s relationship with relevant national outgroups across its history. The findings contribute to theoretical knowledge on the interlinking of national identity and PCC by illustrating the ways in which intergroup relations of the past shape the extent to which continuity is seen as desirable or undesirable. We argue that despite the psychological merits of collective continuity, discontinuity can become attractive and useful when there is limited space to challenge how a nation’s history is remembered and the valence given to the past. The paper concludes by offering an account of how social and political contexts can influence the nature, functions, and valence of PCC within national identities

Discourses of cultural heritage in times of crisis:The case of the Parthenon Marbles

The paper focuses on the commodification and politicisation of cultural heritage using as a case study the ongoing debate on the return of the Parthenon Marbles from the U.K. to Greece, recently reignited by the press release for the movie The Monuments Men in 2014. Greece has been in the throes of a severe financial crisis for over six years with the ever imminent threat of Grexit constantly disputed. In parallel with this ongoing turmoil, discourses of Greek antiquity have been persistently prominent in the media. In this context, we problematise the complex nexus of relationships between the financial crisis, national identity and cultural heritage. We combine the Discourse-Historical Approach and Interactional Sociolinguistics drawing data from an online forum, and investigate how the users negotiate pro-/anti-return positions and make the financial crisis relevant in the argumentation process. The analysis shows that history, identity, value, and debt are recontextualised in relation to the Parthenon sculptures. The analysis identifies an underlying process of value trade off and brings the current political and economic environment to the fore. We close the paper by foregrounding the implications of our study and provide directions for further research