TRABALHO PROFISSIONAL: gestão, dimensões e aplicabilidade técnico-operativa

O presente artigo almeja refletir o Serviço Social no âmbito de sua fundamentação teórico-metodológica,como também contribuir para o repensar da atuação profissional. As transformações ocorridas a partir da década de 1990 no Serviço Social têm demandado novas habilidades e competências, impulsionando a categoria profissional para uma atuação diferenciada. Neste sentido, o trabalho apresenta a relevância e a contribuição da fundamentação teórico-metodológica e técnico-operativa como condição para o pleno exercício profissional

Ethnopharmacological study of medicinal plants from the province of Cuanza Norte (Angola)

Studies on African medicinal plants have been limited to some geographically areas, and even though more than  5400 medicinal plants are recognized and documented, other valuable medicinal plant species have not been  studied. Ethnopharmacological studies are important for documenting traditional knowledge associated with the  medical use of biodiversity. This study aims to document the use of medicinal plants from the Province of  Cuanza Norte (Angola). The field work was conducted from December 2018 to January 2019 and the  ethnobotanical data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Informants were selected in accordance  with their residence and community recognition as healers. Recorded plants are listed along with their popular  name, traditional use, part used, and method of preparation. A total of 131 species of medicinal plants were cited.  Mukumbi (Lannea welwitschii), Santa Maria (Chenopodium ambrosioides) and Ditumbata (Boerhavia difusa)  were the most cited species. Out of the total plant parts, leaves were the most frequently material used. Regarding the mode of preparation for the medicinal materials, the major form of preparation is maceration,  followed by infusion and decoction. The main categories of use were infectious and parasitic diseases (e.g., Malaria); undefined pains and illness; diseases of the digestive system; and endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic  diseases (e.g., Diabetes). This study revealed the importance of preserving the ethnobotanical knowledge in order  to protect the biodiversity and to discover new therapeutic molecules. A comparison of the results with other  studies showed that some of the traditional indications are supported by data from scientific literature

Differential expression of proteins in genetically distinct Trypanosoma cruzi samples (TcI and TcII DTUs) isolated from chronic Chagas disease cardiac patients.

Background Trypanosoma cruzi, a hemoflagellate protozoan parasite and the etiological agent of Chagas disease (CD), exhibits great genetic and biological diversity. Infected individuals may present clinical manifestations with different levels of severity. Several hypotheses have been proposed to attempt to correlate the diversity of clinical signs and symptoms to the genetic variability of T. cruzi. This work aimed to investigate the differential expression of proteins from two distinct genetic groups of T. cruzi (discrete typing units TcI and TcII), isolated from chronically infected individuals displaying the cardiac form of CD. For this purpose, epimastigote forms of the two isolates were cultured in vitro and the cells recovered for protein extraction. Comparative two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoreses were performed and differentially expressed spots selected for identification by mass spectrometry, followed by database searching and protein categorization. Results The 2D electrophoretic profiles revealed the complex composition of the T. cruzi extracted proteome. Protein spots were distributed along the entire pH and molecular mass ranges attesting for the integrity of the protein preparations. In total, 46 differentially expressed proteins were identified present in 40 distinct spots found in the comparative gel analyses. Of these, 16 displayed upregulation in the gel from TcI-typed parasites and 24 appeared overexpressed in the gel from TcII-typed parasites. Functional characterization of differentially expressed proteins revealed major alterations associated with stress response, lipid and amino acid metabolism in parasites of the TcII isolate, whilst those proteins upregulated in the TcI sample were primarily linked to central metabolic pathways. Conclusions The comparative 2D-gel electrophoresis allowed detection of major differences in protein expression between two T. cruzi isolates, belonging to the TcI and TcII genotypes. Our findings suggest that patients displaying the cardiac form of the disease harbor parasites capable of exhibiting distinct proteomic profiles. This should be of relevance to disease prognosis and treatment

RECONHECIMENTO DOS ESPAÇOS DE ATUAÇÃO DO ASSISTENTE SOCIAL

O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar e reconhecer alguns dos campos de atuação do assistente social.Durante o trabalho, o método de pesquisa foi uma revisão bibliográfica. Houve análise das normas reguladoras do Serviço Social, sobretudo os valores e princípios do Código de Ética Profissional, as atribuições e as competências asseguradas na Lei de Regulamentação da Profissão (Lei n. 8.662/1993) e nas Diretrizes Curriculares do Serviço Social, elaboradas pela Associação Brasileira de Ensino e Pesquisa em Serviço Social (ABEPSS). Discutir os campos de atuação é importante e necessário, visto que, atualmente, 2.626 municípios (47,2% do total de 5.564municípios, incluindo o Distrito Federal) possuem Centros de Referência de Assistência Social (CRAS) (CFESS,2011) e devem ter em seus quadros assistentes sociais atuando. Além de identificar estes espaços, que não se limitam apenas à saúde ou à segurança social, foi possível estudar a atuação em outros campos, como educação e habitação. Esses estudos têm como escopo a sugestão de estratégias e procedimentos no exercício do trabalho e devem ser considerados para ampliar o exercício da assistência social

Avaliação do Enade na área de pedagogia: análises e discussões à luz das diretrizes curriculares de formação do pedagogo

Este texto apresenta reflexões da Comissão Assessora de Área de Pedagogia do Enade 2014 acerca da relação entre os conteúdos constantes nas questões do Enade/Pedagogia em 2008, 2011 e 2014 e as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o Curso de Graduação em Pedagogia/2006. Traz um breve histórico do curso de Pedagogia no Brasil, evidencia as diretrizes de formação do pedagogo, expõe a pesquisa documental como metodologia, a qual utilizou o software Alceste para tratar os dados, cuja análise será exibida na sequência. Constatou-se que essas provas do Enade trazem elementos que revelam a existência de convergência entre a orientação da formação e a avaliação do curso, porém, devido ao contexto amplo de avaliação de política de formação, não é possível verificar, plenamente, todos os elementos constitutivos dessa formação. Palavras-chave: Formação de Professores. Currículo de Pedagogia. Enade

Piperine decreases pilocarpine-induced convulsions by GABAergic mechanisms

Piperine, an alkaloid present in the Piper genus, was shown to have an anticonvulsant activity, evaluated by the pilocarpine-induced model, in mice. Pilocarpine (350 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered 30 min after piperine (2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, i.p.) which significantly increased latencies to 1st convulsion and to death, and percentage of survivals. These parameters were also increased in the pilocarpine groups pretreated with atropine plus piperine (10 and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively), as related to the pilocarpine group. However, they were not altered in the pilocarpine groups pretreated with memantine (a NMDA-type glutamate receptors blocker, 2 mg/kg, p.o.) or nimodipine (a calcium channel blocker, 10 mg/kg, p.o.), both associated with piperine (1 or 2.5 mg/kg), as compared to the piperine plus pilocarpine group. Moreover, the pilocarpine group pretreated with diazepam (which binds to the GABA(A) receptor, 0.2 and 0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) plus piperine (1 and 2.5 mg/kg) significantly increased latency to the 1st convulsion, as related to the pilocarpine group, suggesting that the GABAergic system is involved with the piperine action. Furthermore, the piperine effect was blocked by flumazenil (2 mg/kg, i.p.), a benzodiazepine antagonist. Untreated P350 animals showed decreased striatal DA and increased DOPAC and HVA levels that were not affected in the piperine plus pilocarpine groups. Piperine increased striatal levels of GABA, glycine and taurine, and reversed pilocarpine-induced increases in nitrite contents in sera and brain. Hippocampi from the untreated pilocarpine group showed an increased number of TNF-alpha immunostained cells in all areas, as opposed to the pilocarpine group pretreated with piperine. Taken together, piperine anticonvulsant effects are the result of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions, as well as TNF-alpha reduction. in addition, piperine effects on inhibitory amino acids and on the GABAergic system may certainly contribute to the drug anticonvulsant activity. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)FMJ, Fac Med Estacio Juazeiro Norte, Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Ceara, Fac Med, UFC, Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Accuracy of faecal calprotectin and neutrophil Gelatinase B-associated Lipocalin in evaluating subclinical inflammation in UlceRaTIVE colitis-the ACERTIVE study

Background and Aims: Mucosal healing and histological remission are different targets for patients with ulcerative colitis, but both rely on an invasive endoscopic procedure. This study aimed to assess faecal calprotectin and neutrophil gelatinase B-associated lipocalin as biomarkers for disease activity in asymptomatic ulcerative colitis patients. Methods: This was a multicentric cross-sectional study including 371 patients, who were classified according to their endoscopic and histological scores. These results were evaluated alongside the faecal levels of both biomarkers. Results: Macroscopic lesions [i.e. endoscopic Mayo score >= 1] were present in 28% of the patients, and 9% had active disease according to fht Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity. Moreover, 21% presented with histological inflammation according to the Geboes index, whereas 15% and 5% presented with focal and diffuse basal plasmacytosis, respectively. The faecal levels of calprotectin and neutrophil gelatinase B-associated lipocalin were statistically higher for patients with endoscopic lesions and histological activity. A receiver operating characteristic-based analysis revealed that both biomarkers were able to indicate mucosal healing and histological remission with an acceptable probability, and cut-off levels of 150-250 mu g/g for faecal calprotectin and 12 mu g/g for neutrophil gelatinase B-associated lipocalin were proposed. Conclusions: Faecal calprotectin and neutrophil gelatinase B-associated lipocalin levels are a valuable addition for assessment of disease activity in asymptomatic ulcerative colitis patients. Biological levels of the analysed biomarkers below the proposed thresholds can rule out the presence of macroscopic and microscopic lesions with a probability of 75-93%. However, caution should be applied whenever interpreting positive results, as these biomarkers present consistently low positive predictive values.Portuguese IBD Group [GEDII - Grupo de Estudo da Doenca Inflamatcria Intestinal]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio