Biocatalisador enzimático usando enzimas da casca do abacaxi (Ananas comosus) imobilizado em esferas de hidrogel

The enzymatic extract from pineapple peels, considering the time factor, low cost and ease of preparation of the reaction system, makes the use of this plant material scrap an economical alternative for some reactions of synthetic interest. Therefore, this work aimed to prepare pineapple peel enzymatic extract containing bromelain, with and without mechanical grinding for a period of up to 9-days of extraction, and then immobilizing those extracts on hydrogel beads for their application as a biocatalyst to produce energy interest esters. The best protein content obtained was 1.95 mg mL-1 for 6-days with mechanical grinding, as for the hydrolysis of p-NPP (p-nitrophenyl palmitate), 0.0125 U.mL-1 for 1-day extraction with trituration. The best index esterification activity achieved for the lauric acid as a substrate was 1.8 U mL-1 at 1-day extraction without grinding. For the hydrogel beads immobilization, a maximum protein yield of 28.8% was obtained with the 1-day extract and mechanical grinding, and in terms of p-NPP activity, a yield of 40.6% for the immobilized with 9-day extract without mechanical grinding. The immobilized and dehydrated beads with 1-day extract without grinding took the best esterification activity, 7.2 U g-1 of biocatalyst. The best conversion performance in the biocatalysis of fatty esters was by esterification of the dodecanoate n-propyl, with 95.1% for a period of 48 hours of reaction. For the transesterification reaction, the methyl oleate yield reached 47.3% after 120 hours of reaction.O extrato enzimático das cascas de abacaxi, considerando o fator tempo, o baixo custo e a facilidade de preparo do sistema de reação faz com que o uso desse material da planta de abacaxi seja uma alternativa econômica para algumas reações de interesse sintético. Portanto, este trabalho teve como objetivo preparar o extrato enzimático de casca de abacaxi contendo bromelaína, com e sem trituração mecânica por um período de até 9 dias, e imobilizar esses extratos em esferas de hidrogel para sua aplicação como biocatalisador para produção de ésteres de interesse energético. O melhor teor de proteína obtido foi de 1,95 mg mL-1 por 6 dias com moagem mecânica, quanto à hidrólise de p-NPP (p-nitrofenil palmitato), 0,0125 U mL-1 para extração de 1 dia com trituração. A melhor atividade de esterificação do índice alcançada para o ácido láurico como substrato foi 1,8 U mL-1 na extração de 1 dia sem trituração. Para a imobilização das esferas de hidrogel, obteve-se um rendimento proteico máximo de 28,8% com o extrato de 1 dia e moagem mecânica e, em termos de atividade de p-NPP, um rendimento de 40,6% para o imobilizado com extrato de 9 dias sem moagem mecânica. As esferas imobilizadas e desidratadas com extrato de 1 dia sem trituração apresentaram a melhor atividade de esterificação, 7,2 U g-1 de biocatalisador. O melhor desempenho de conversão na biocatálise de ésteres graxos foi pela esterificação do dodecanoato n-propílico, com 95,1% por um período de 48 horas de reação. Para a reação de transesterificação, o rendimento de oleato de metila atingiu 47,3% após 120 horas de reação

Avaliação da qualidade de vida do paciente com doença renal crônica em terapia renal substitutiva / Quality of life assessment in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing renal replacement therapy

A Doença Renal Crônica (DRC) é um problema de saúde pública que provoca mudanças no cotidiano do paciente e afeta sua Qualidade de vida (QV) de forma direta. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da Doença Renal na QV de pacientes em Terapia Renal Substitutiva (TRS) com Doença Renal Crônica, modalidade hemodiálise (HD). Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal e retrospectivo, realizado na clínica de TRS do Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia em Ponta Grossa-PR e envolveu 97 pacientes. O instrumento utilizado para avaliação da QV foi o questionário estruturado KDQOL-SFTM, aplicado no período de 2016 a 2019. Resultados: O impacto maior na QV foi identificado nos escores papel físico (limitação) (49,5±41,6), Dor (45,8±30,8), Fardo da DRC (44,4±29,8), Status de Trabalho (18,9±32,5), Qualidade das Interações sociais (11,8±17,4) e Função cognitiva (6,2±10,8). Conclusão: O presente estudo mostrou quais situações estão mais impactadas na vida diária do paciente em terapia renal substitutiva, onde as complicações presentes nos pacientes mostram-se como obstáculos que necessitam da atenção dos profissionais enfermeiros

Tecnologias adotadas para a melhoria da fertilidade do solo e a produção de forragem pela variedade de cana-de-açúcar RB867515, em cinco cortes

No presente trabalho foram avaliadas as tecnologias adotadas para a produção de cana-de-açúcar em uma fazenda produtora de leite localizada no munícipio de Mercês, zona da Mata Mineira. São descritas as principais técnicas empregadas para a implantação e condução do canavial, incluindo os critérios adotados para a calagem, a gessagem, adubação química de plantio e das rebrotas. A variedade de cana utilizada foi a RB867515, atualmente a mais cultivada na região, devido ao seu alto potencial produtivo. Foram avaliadas a produção de forragem, a produção de colmos industrializáveis e a produção de açúcar, em cinco cortes: da cana-planta à quarta rebrota. A produtividade média dos cincos cortes foi de 117 t de matéria natural por hectare, 36 t de matéria seca por hectare e 12,94 t ha-1 de açúcar. A produtividade da cana de quarta rebrota foi 62% da produtividade da cana-planta e, para todas as variáveis analisadas o coeficiente de variação foi inferior a 10%, indicando homogeneidade do canavial. Pode-se concluir que os critérios adotados para a correção do solo, para a adubação da cana-planta e das rebrotas e, para o manejo do canavial, permitiram obter alta produtividade no ciclo de cana-planta, com pequenos decréscimos nos cortes subsequentes

Research Progress and Trends on Utilization of Lignocellulosic Residues as Supports for Enzyme Immobilization via Advanced Bibliometric Analysis

Lignocellulosic biomasses are used in several applications, such as energy production, materials, and biofuels. These applications result in increased consumption and waste generation of these materials. However, alternative uses are being developed to solve the problem of waste generated in the industry. Thus, research is carried out to ensure the use of these biomasses as enzymatic support. These surveys can be accompanied using the advanced bibliometric analysis tool that can help determine the biomasses used and other perspectives on the subject. With this, the present work aims to carry out an advanced bibliometric analysis approaching the main studies related to the use of lignocellulosic biomass as an enzymatic support. This study will be carried out by highlighting the main countries/regions that carry out productions, research areas that involve the theme, and future trends in these areas. It was observed that there is a cooperation between China, USA, and India, where China holds 28.07% of publications in this area, being the country with the greatest impact in the area. Finally, it is possible to define that the use of these new supports is a trend in the field of biotechnology

Advanced and prospects in phenol wastewater treatment technologies: unveiling opportunities and trends

Abstract This study aims to explore technological advances and prospects in phenol treatment by providing a detailed bibliometric survey of wastewater treatment applications, highlighting innovative advances in research. Using the Web of Science database, we identified 79,104 articles from 2003 to 2023, later refined to 1848. The keywords were used for the initial search: “phenol”, “wastewater”, “degradation”, “treatment” and “removal”. The bibliographic review details the occurrence of journals, authors, newspapers, countries, institutions, keywords, highly cited articles, and prominent predominant research fields. In particular, the field of “Engineering” was responsible for 32% of the published articles, followed by “Ecology of Environmental Sciences” (25%) and “Chemistry” (12%). In addition, a keyword analysis revealed five major groups of clusters that indicate where the research is progressing. This aspect is crucial for understanding the evolution and perspectives of research interests over time. Therefore, future research in the field should prioritize wastewater treatment and feedstock diversification. This focus is essential to address significant challenges, such as production costs, stability, and durability of treatment processes. Graphical Abstrac

A Theoretical and Experimental Study for Enzymatic Biodiesel Production from Babassu Oil (<i>Orbignya</i> sp.) Using Eversa Lipase

A theoretical and experimental study was carried out on the biocatalytic production of babassu biodiesel through enzymatic hydroesterification. The complete hydrolysis of babassu oil was carried out using a 1:1 mass solution at 40 °C for 4 h using 0.4% of lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL). Then, with the use of Eversa® Transform 2.0 lipase in the esterification step, a statistical design was used, varying the temperature (25–55 °C), the molar ratio between free fatty acids (FFAs) and methanol (1:1 to 1:9), the percentage of biocatalyst (0.1% to 0.9%), and the reaction time (1–5 h) using the Taguchi method. The ideal reaction levels obtained after the statistical treatment were 5 h of reaction at 40 °C at a molar ratio of 1:5 (FFAs/methanol) using 0.9% of the biocatalyst. These optimal conditions were validated by chromatographic analysis; following the EN 14103 standard, the sample showed an ester concentration of 95.76%. A theoretical study was carried out to evaluate the stability of Eversa with FFAs. It was observed in the molecular docking results that the ligands interacted directly with the catalytic site. Through molecular dynamics studies, it was verified that there were no significant conformational changes in the studied complexes. Theoretical and experimental results show the feasibility of this process

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora