Cinema e ensino: estratégias de leitura literária a partir do uso de adaptações cinematográficas

Consoante a capacidade humanizadora da literatura (CANDIDO, 1995) e as exigências educacionais relativas ao ensino literário (BRASIL, 2006 e 2017), este artigo verifica a abordagem do ensino de literatura em uma escola pública de Açailândia-MA e propõe o uso de adaptações cinematográficas (HUTCHEON, 2013; STAM, 2006) associado à leitura literária como recurso auxiliador de seu desenvolvimento, mediante as técnicas de letramento literário (COSSON, 2009). Para tanto, empregaram-se os métodos indutivo, bibliográfico e estatístico, de caráter quanti-qualitativo, a partir de observação de aula in locus e coleta de dados (questionários e entrevistas), além de aplicação de oficinas literárias. Percebeu-se que a associação das adaptações fílmicas ao ensino literário torna as práticas de leitura um momento prazeroso e salutar de aquisição de experiências socioculturais, uma vez que, pela relação literatura/cinema, os alunos puderam alçar a compreensão mais ampla e profunda da obra literária, potencializando-a em seus dizeres

O serviço social na residência multiprofissional em oncologia no Instituto Nacional de Câncer – INCA

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a contribuição do Serviço Social na implantação do Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Oncologia do Instituto Nacional de Câncer. Toma a questão do câncer como problema de saúde pública e entende como estratégico o ensino em serviço na modalidade residência multiprofissional. O texto reafirma os princípios basilares o Sistema Único de Saúde e busca discutir a importância da reflexão crítica acerca dos determinantes sociais no processo saúde/doença, apresentando essa como uma contribuição do Serviço Social

Sistema multimídia educacional para o ensino de geociências: uma estratégia atual para a divulgação da paleontologia no ensino fundamental e médio

The knowledge and diffusion of palaeontology concepts is of extreme importance for a more complete understanding of biological, geological and environmental aspects. However, it is well-known that didactic resources are still necessary to their diffusion and to stimulate the interest of first degree students. In order to develop strategies allowing the transference of palaeontological knowledge in a more dynamic and attractive manner, an educational CD-ROM about the São José de Itaboraí Basin, in the Rio de Janeiro State, South-Eastern Brazil has been elaborated and is presented here. It is the first major project aimed at the diffusion of palaeontology, through the presentation of the main fossil-related Basins of Brazil, using computing resources applied to education. This multimedia system contains geological and palaeontological information about the São José de Itaboraí Basin, using texts, fossil pictures and their present representatives, maps, outline drawings, references, glossary, palaeoenvironmental reconstitutions and fixation exercises. This didactic resource shall provide college (future teachers) and first degree students and teachers with a dynamic resource to complete and improve their knowledge about geology and palaeontology. This CD-ROM is an important virtual tool for the diffusion of the scientific and cultural importance of the São José de Itaboraí Basin to pupils at local schools, stimulating the preservation of this important natural monument of the Rio de Janeiro State.O conhecimento e a divulgação da paleontologia é de suma importância para uma compreensão mais abrangente sobre aspectos biológicos, geológicos e ambientais, entretanto, ainda é notória a necessidade de recursos didáticos que auxiliem na sua divulgação e estimulem o interesse do aluno para esta ciência no ensino fundamental e médio. Com o objetivo de desenvolver estratégias que permitam a transmissão do conhecimento paleontológico de forma mais dinâmica e atraente, foi elaborado um CD-rom educacional sobre a Bacia de São José de Itaboraí, localizada no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Sudeste do Brasil. Este software aqui apresentado é o primeiro trabalho de um projeto maior que visa a divulgação paleontológica, através do conhecimento das principais bacias fossilíferas brasileiras, utilizando recursos da informática aplicada à educação. Este sistema multimídia oferece informações sobre a geologia e a paleontologia da Bacia de São José de Itaboraí, utilizando textos, fotografias dos fósseis e seus representantes atuais, mapas, desenhos esquemáticos, referências bibliográficas, um glossário, reconstruções paleoambientais e exercícios de fixação. Este recurso didático desenvolvido disponibilizará aos estudantes de licenciatura (futuros professores) e aos alunos e professores de ensino fundamental e médio um recurso dinâmico para complementar e melhorar o conhecimento geológico e paleontológico. O CD-Rom é uma ferramenta importante para a divulgação virtual da importância científica e cultural da Bacia de São José de Itaboraí aos alunos de escolas locais, estimulando a preservação deste importante monumento natural do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

Population-based seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and the herd immunity threshold in Maranhão

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. METHODS: A population-based household survey was performed, from July 27, 2020 to August 8, 2020. The estimates considered clustering, stratification and non-response. Qualitative detection of IgM and IgG antibodies was performed in a fully-automated Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 electrochemiluminescence immunoassay on the Cobas® e601 analyzer (Roche Diagnostics). RESULTS: In total, 3,156 individuals were interviewed. Seroprevalence of total antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was 40.4% (95%CI 35.6-45.3). Population adherence to non-pharmaceutical interventions was higher at the beginning of the pandemic than in the last month. SARS-CoV-2 infection rates were significantly lower among mask wearers and among those who maintained social and physical distancing in the last month compared to their counterparts. Among the infected, 26.0% were asymptomatic. The infection fatality rate (IFR) was 0.14%, higher for men and older adults. The IFR based on excess deaths was 0.28%. The ratio of estimated infections to reported cases was 22.2. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 estimated in this population-based survey is one of the highest reported. The local herd immunity threshold may have been reached or might be reached soon.OBJECTIVE: To estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. METHODS: A population-based household survey was performed, from July 27, 2020 to August 8, 2020. The estimates considered clustering, stratification and non-response. Qualitative detection of IgM and IgG antibodies was performed in a fully-automated Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 electrochemiluminescence immunoassay on the Cobas® e601 analyzer (Roche Diagnostics). RESULTS: In total, 3,156 individuals were interviewed. Seroprevalence of total antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was 40.4% (95%CI 35.6-45.3). Population adherence to non-pharmaceutical interventions was higher at the beginning of the pandemic than in the last month. SARS-CoV-2 infection rates were significantly lower among mask wearers and among those who maintained social and physical distancing in the last month compared to their counterparts. Among the infected, 26.0% were asymptomatic. The infection fatality rate (IFR) was 0.14%, higher for men and older adults. The IFR based on excess deaths was 0.28%. The ratio of estimated infections to reported cases was 22.2. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 estimated in this population-based survey is one of the highest reported. The local herd immunity threshold may have been reached or might be reached soon

Psychological Distress in Men during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil: The Role of the Sociodemographic Variables, Uncertainty, and Social Support

Objective: To analyze the relationships between sociodemographic variables, intolerance to uncertainty (INT), social support, and psychological distress (i.e., indicators of Common Mental Disorders (CMDs) and perceived stress (PS)) in Brazilian men during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study with national coverage, of the web survey type, and conducted with 1006 Brazilian men during the period of social circulation restriction imposed by the health authorities in Brazil for suppression of the coronavirus and control of the pandemic. Structural equation modeling analysis was performed. Results: Statistically significant direct effects of race/skin color ( = 0.268; p-value < 0.001), socioeconomic status (SES) ( = 0.306; p-value < 0.001), household composition( = 0.281; p-value < 0.001), PS ( = 0.513; p-value < 0.001), and INT ( = 0.421; p-value < 0.001) were evidenced in the occurrence of CMDs. Black-skinned men with higher SES, living alone, and with higher PS and INT levels presented higher prevalence values of CMDs. Conclusions: High levels of PS and INT were the factors that presented the strongest associations with the occurrence of CMDs among the men. It is necessary to implement actions to reduce the stress-generating sources as well as to promote an increase in resilience and the development of intrinsic reinforcements to deal with uncertain threats.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Educação em saúde como forma de prevenção do câncer do colo do útero

Cervical cancer is the type of cancer that most kills women in the world. This study aimed to analyze the scientific evidence of health education to prevent cervical cancer. This is an integrative review of the literature, carried out through the databases of the BVS and PUBMED, in which the following guiding question was used: “What scientific evidence points to health education as a way of preventing cervical cancer?”. Studies available in full, in portuguese, english and spanish, published from 2017 to 2022 were used. Ten studies were selected to compose this review. According to the studies analyzed, it was identified that the triggering factors of cervical cancer are early sexual intercourse, unprotected sexual intercourse, multiple sexual partners, HPV infections, and use of hormonal contraceptives. Health education activities such as lectures, conversation circles, home visits are relevant, as they bring knowledge to women about the neoplasm, encouraging the practice of self-care, as well as helping to deconstruct stigmas and fears related to the Pap smear. It was evidenced that the scarcity of information about CC and the ways to prevent the disease cause fears and apprehensions for many women, which contributes to a delay in carrying out the Pap smear. Thus, health education strategies, with clarification of doubts about the disease and forms of prevention, addressing the availability of health services for early screening, are essential measures to break the taboo associated with performing the test.El cáncer de cuello uterino es el tipo de cáncer que más mata a las mujeres en el mundo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la evidencia científica de la educación en salud como una forma de prevención del cáncer de cuello uterino. Se trata de una revisión integrativa de la literatura, realizada a través de las bases de datos de la BVS y PUBMED, en la que se utilizó la siguiente pregunta orientadora: “¿Qué evidencia científica apunta a la educación en salud como forma de prevención del cáncer de cuello uterino? ¿útero?”. Se utilizaron estudios disponibles en su totalidad, en portugués, inglés y español, publicados entre 2017 y 2022. Se seleccionaron diez estudios para componer esta revisión. De acuerdo con los estudios analizados, se identificó que los factores desencadenantes del cáncer de cuello uterino son el inicio temprano de la vida sexual, las relaciones sexuales sin protección, las múltiples parejas sexuales, las infecciones por VPH y el uso de anticonceptivos hormonales. Las actividades de educación en salud, como charlas, círculos de conversación, visitas domiciliarias, son relevantes, ya que acercan el conocimiento a las mujeres sobre la neoplasia, incentivando la práctica del autocuidado, además de ayudar a deconstruir estigmas y miedos relacionados con el Papanicolaou. Se evidenció que la escasez de informaciones sobre CC y formas de prevención de la enfermedad provocan temores y aprensiones en muchas mujeres, lo que contribuye a la demora en la realización del Papanicolaou. Así, las estrategias de educación en salud, con aclaración de dudas sobre la enfermedad y formas de prevención, abordando la disponibilidad de los servicios de salud para realizar el tamizaje precoz, son medidas esenciales para romper el tabú asociado al examen.O câncer de colo de útero é o tipo de câncer que mais mata mulheres no mundo. Este estudo teve por objetivo, analisar as evidências científicas da educação em saúde como forma de prevenção do câncer de colo de útero. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada através das bases de dados da BVS e da PUBMED, na qual se utilizou a seguinte questão norteadora: “Quais as evidências científicas apontam para educação em saúde como forma de prevenção do câncer de colo de útero?”. Utilizaram-se estudos disponíveis na íntegra, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, publicados de 2017 a 2022. Foram selecionados 10 estudos para compor esta revisão. Conforme os estudos analisados, foi identificado que os fatores desencadeantes do câncer de colo do útero são, início da vida sexual precoce, relação sexual desprotegida, múltiplos parceiros sexuais, infecções pelo HPV, e uso de contraceptivos hormonais. As atividades de educação em saúde como palestras, rodas de conversas, visitas domiciliares se mostram relevantes, pois levam conhecimento para as mulheres acerca da neoplasia, incentivando a prática do autocuidado, bem como auxilia na desconstrução de estigmas e receios relacionados ao exame citopatológico. Evidenciou-se que a escassez de informações sobre o CCU e as formas de prevenção da doença provocam medos e receios para muitas mulheres, no qual contribui para um retardo na realização do exame citopatológico. Assim, estratégias de educação em saúde, com esclarecimento de dúvidas sobre a doença e as formas de prevenção, abordando a disponibilidade dos serviços de saúde para realização do rastreamento precoce, são medidas imprescindíveis para quebrar o tabu associado à realização do exame

Correlations between Risk Factors for Breast Cancer and Genetic Instability in Cancer Patients- A Clinical Perspective Study

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.Molecular epidemiological studies have identified several risk factors linking to the genes and external factors in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. In this sense, genetic instability caused by DNA damage and DNA repair inefficiencies are important molecular events for the diagnosis and prognosis of therapies. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze correlation between sociocultural, occupational, and lifestyle risk factors with levels of genetic instability in non-neoplastic cells of breast cancer patients. Total 150 individuals were included in the study that included 50 breast cancer patients submitted to chemotherapy (QT), 50 breast cancer patients submitted to radiotherapy (RT), and 50 healthy women without any cancer. Cytogenetic biomarkers for apoptosis and DNA damage were evaluated in samples of buccal epithelial and peripheral blood cells through micronuclei and comet assay tests. Elder age patients (61–80 years) had higher levels of apoptosis (catriolysis by karyolysis) and DNA damage at the diagnosis (baseline damage) with increased cell damage during QT and especially during RT. We also reported the increased frequencies of cytogenetic biomarkers in patients who were exposed to ionizing radiation as well as for alcoholism and smoking. QT and RT induced high levels of fragmentation (karyorrhexis) and nuclear dissolution (karyolysis) and DNA damage. Correlations were observed between age and karyorrhexis at diagnosis; smoking and karyolysis during RT; and radiation and karyolysis during QT. These correlations indicate that risk factors may also influence the genetic instability in non-neoplastic cells caused to the patients during cancer therapies

SARS-CoV-2 introductions and early dynamics of the epidemic in Portugal

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal was rapidly implemented by the National Institute of Health in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic, in collaboration with more than 50 laboratories distributed nationwide. Methods By applying recent phylodynamic models that allow integration of individual-based travel history, we reconstructed and characterized the spatio-temporal dynamics of SARSCoV-2 introductions and early dissemination in Portugal. Results We detected at least 277 independent SARS-CoV-2 introductions, mostly from European countries (namely the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Italy, and Switzerland), which were consistent with the countries with the highest connectivity with Portugal. Although most introductions were estimated to have occurred during early March 2020, it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 was silently circulating in Portugal throughout February, before the first cases were confirmed. Conclusions Here we conclude that the earlier implementation of measures could have minimized the number of introductions and subsequent virus expansion in Portugal. This study lays the foundation for genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal, and highlights the need for systematic and geographically-representative genomic surveillance.We gratefully acknowledge to Sara Hill and Nuno Faria (University of Oxford) and Joshua Quick and Nick Loman (University of Birmingham) for kindly providing us with the initial sets of Artic Network primers for NGS; Rafael Mamede (MRamirez team, IMM, Lisbon) for developing and sharing a bioinformatics script for sequence curation (https://github.com/rfm-targa/BioinfUtils); Philippe Lemey (KU Leuven) for providing guidance on the implementation of the phylodynamic models; Joshua L. Cherry (National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) for providing guidance with the subsampling strategies; and all authors, originating and submitting laboratories who have contributed genome data on GISAID (https://www.gisaid.org/) on which part of this research is based. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. This study is co-funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Agência de Investigação Clínica e Inovação Biomédica (234_596874175) on behalf of the Research 4 COVID-19 call. Some infrastructural resources used in this study come from the GenomePT project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022184), supported by COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa2020), Algarve Portugal Regional Operational Programme (CRESC Algarve2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Fatores associados à cesariana entre primíparas adolescentes no Brasil, 2011-2012

Nesse artigo s&#227;o apresentados os fatores associados &#224; realiza&#231;&#227;o de cesariana em prim&#237;paras adolescentes no Brasil, utilizando-se dados de pesquisa nacional de base hospitalar realizada entre 2011 e 2012. As informa&#231;&#245;es foram obtidas por meio de entrevista com a pu&#233;rpera durante a interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar. Um modelo te&#243;rico conceitual foi estabelecido com tr&#234;s n&#237;veis de hierarquia e a vari&#225;vel dependente foi a via de parto &#8211; cesariana ou vaginal. Os resultados mostram propor&#231;&#227;o elevada de cesariana entre prim&#237;paras adolescentes (40%) e os fatores mais fortemente associados &#224; cesariana foram considerar esta via de parto mais segura (OR = 7,0; IC95%: 4,3-11,4); parto financiado pelo setor privado (OR = 4,3; IC95%: 2,3-9,0); mesmo profissional de sa&#250;de assistindo pr&#233;-natal e parto (OR = 5,7; IC95%: 3,3-9,0) e apresentar antecedentes cl&#237;nicos de risco e intercorr&#234;ncias na gesta&#231;&#227;o (OR = 10,8; IC95%: 8,5-13,7). A gravidez na adolesc&#234;ncia permanece em pauta no campo da sa&#250;de reprodutiva, sendo preocupante a propor&#231;&#227;o do parto cir&#250;rgico encontrada nesse estudo, haja vista a exposi&#231;&#227;o precoce aos efeitos da cesariana