A METHOD FOR INCLUDING IN PMP MODELS ACTIVITIES NON-EXISTENT IN THE BASELINE SITUATION

When working with positive mathematical programming (PMP) models it is generally admitted that it is not possible to consider in the modeled unit activities that are not present in the baseline situation of the unit. This constitutes a considerable drawback for traditional PMP techniques which cannot be applied in specific cases, in particular to the study of the impact of new agri-environmental programs that subsidize crops grown with technologies different to those applied in the baseline situation. This paper presents a method for dealing with these cases, which can be easily implemented as an extension of the traditional calibration techniques of PMP. The method is applied to a specific problem, using modified calibration expressions derived from the necessary Khun-Tucker conditions, assuming increasing marginal costs. The analysis of the results and their comparison with those obtained using a linear programming model permits a first evaluation of this methodological proposal.Positive mathematical programming extensions, Agri-environmental measures, Environmental Economics and Policy,

IMPACT OF THE CAP REFORM ON THE SPANISH AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

This paper analyses the impact of the 2003 CAP reform on Spanish agricultural sector in the context of the recent CAP Health Check and high food prices, using PROMAPA, a positive mathematical programming model for representative farms. The analysis compares the model results for base year 2002 to the findings for a scenario with the CAP reform measures in place, taking into account recent modifications. The effect of adopting a full decoupling scheme instead of the present partial decoupling is also studied. Brief descriptions are given of the PROMAPA model, the representative farm considered and the assumptions about both price variations and the policy measures simulated. The findings showed that the farming area for cereals grew substantially after abolition of the compulsory set-aside and that the impact of transition to full decoupling was scant, except in the sheep and rearing cattle sub-sectors, where it considerably steepened the already sizeable decline in livestock numbers induced by the partial decoupling scheme.CAP reform, CAP Health Check, Decoupling, Spanish agricultural sector., Agricultural and Food Policy, Q10, Q12, Q18,

The Mo(ve)ment to Prioritize Antiracist Mathematics: Planning for This and Every School Year

Dear Colleague, TODOS: Mathematics for ALL is proud of its almost two decades of advocacy for equity and excellence for all children in mathematics education, specifically Latina/o children. Over the years, TODOS has delivered webinars, podcasts, blogs, conferences, and resources for educators, families, and children to address and provide tools to eliminate the harmful practices too many children and families experience in school and in life. This position statement, The Mo(ve)ment to Prioritize Antiracist Mathematics: Planning for This and Every School Year, and supporting commentaries, including one commentary in Spanish - place the essential actions of the 2016 NCSM - TODOS joint social justice position statement, Mathematics Education Through the Lens of Social Justice: Acknowledgment, Actions, and Accountability, into new contexts as a response to our nation\u27s inequities and injustices made visible by COVID-19 and the tragic murders of George Floyd, Brianna Taylor, and other unarmed Black and Brown citizens. No longer could a focus on curriculum, assessment, and instruction alone be enough for children to survive in today\u27s world. It was time to step up, find strength, move beyond hurt, fear, and usual conversations to take leadership in the fight for antiracism..

Vínculo emocional entre la marca Socosani y el consumidor, basado en el branding emocional, Arequipa, 2017

El mundo está cada vez más conectado lo que permite que las personas tengamos más acceso a la información y así poder tomar una mejor decisión de vida, de compra, de carrera, entre otros. En este sentido, las empresas ya han dejado de preocuparse sólo en producir y llegar al cliente de la manera más eficiente, ahora están preocupándose en crear experiencias tanto de manera offline como online para buscar la fidelidad del cliente. Por ello, una de las tendencias que ayudan a las empresas en la generación de preferencia, confianza y lealtad es el Branding Emocional que conecta de forma íntima y profunda a las personas con las marcas, haciéndolas indispensables para su vida diaria y logrando así crear un vínculo emocional que genere a su vez una relación redituable en ambos sentidos, desembocando así en la creación de una marca que genera felicidad como indica Marcerlo Ghio en su libro Oxitobrands. Por este motivo el presente estudio estuvo orientado en mostrar los esfuerzos de la empresa SOCOSANI de Arequipa que en los últimos años ha mostrado un comportamiento de crecimiento y esfuerzos de Marketing que llegan al campo del Branding. Además de ser una de las empresas con productos de consumo masivo más representativa de la ciudad de Arequipa, y que dentro de su gama de productos tiene el agua mineral natural como su ventaja comparativa aunándose así a las nuevas tendencias saludables y armónicas con el medio ambiente. La presente investigación que lleva como título: “Vínculo Emocional entre la marca SOCOSANI y el consumidor, basado en el Branding Emocional, Arequipa, 2017” se realizó con el fin de identificar los vínculos existentes entre los clientes y la marca SOCOSANI. Para ello, se creó un instrumento que mostrara la actitud de los consumidores, su nivel de satisfacción, con qué asocian a la marca y su nivel de percepción, encuestando así de manera personal a una muestra significativa de clientes en los principales centros comerciales de la ciudad así como en cuatro restaurantes reconocidos. XIII Finalmente, los resultados permitieron mostrar que existe un vínculo emocional positivo entre la marca SOCOSANI y los consumidores de la ciudad de Arequipa. A partir de estos resultados se elaboró un aporte adicional de un cruce de variables y datos de control aparte; así como una propuesta los cual pueden contribuir a la definición de estrategias de Branding Emocional por parte de SOCOCANI enfocándolas a la generación de la mejor experiencia de conexión con la marca.Tesi

Using text mining tools to define trends in territorial competitiveness indicators

For this study, articles from the fields of Social Sciences; Economics; Econometrics and Finance; Business and Management; and Accounting have been monitored for the period from 1979 to 2019. VOSviewer® was used to create, visualize and explore bibliometric information from Scopus scientific database, for the identification of trends about indicators that have not been frequently considered, compared to competitiveness regional indexes territorial competitiveness indicators. It has generated preliminary conclusions using citation relationships between journals, collaborative relationships between researchers, and coexistence relationships between scientific terms from the identified target literature. The identified trends are related to Renewable energy, Sustainability, Higher Education, Destination Competitiveness, Knowledge Management, Cross Borders Regions and Small and Medium-sized Entrepreneurship. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG

The polymyxin B-induced transcriptomic response of a clinical, multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae involves multiple regulatory elements and intracellular targets

Background: The emergence of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is a major public health concern. Many K. pneumoniae infections can only be treated when resorting to last-line drugs such as polymyxin B (PB). However, resistance to this antibiotic is also observed, although insufficient information is described on its mode of action as well as the mechanisms used by resistant bacteria to evade its effects. We aimed to study PB resistance and the influence of abiotic stresses in a clinical K. pneumoniae strain using whole transcriptome profiling. Results: We sequenced 12 cDNA libraries of K. pneumoniae Kp13 bacteria, from two biological replicates of the original strain Kp13 (Kp13) and five derivative strains: induced high-level PB resistance in acidic pH (Kp13pH), magnesium deprivation (Kp13Mg), high concentrations of calcium (Kp13Ca) and iron (Kp13Fe), and a control condition with PB (Kp13PolB). Our results show the involvement of multiple regulatory loci that differentially respond to each condition as well as a shared gene expression response elicited by PB treatment, and indicate the participation of two-regulatory components such as ArcA-ArcB, which could be involved in re-routing the K. pneumoniae metabolism following PB treatment. Modules of co-expressed genes could be determined, which correlated to growth in acid stress and PB exposure. We hypothesize that polymyxin B induces metabolic shifts in K. pneumoniae that could relate to surviving against the action of this antibiotic. Conclusions: We obtained whole transcriptome data for K. pneumoniae under different environmental conditions and PB treatment. Our results supports the notion that the K. pneumoniae response to PB exposure goes beyond damaged membrane reconstruction and involves recruitment of multiple gene modules and intracellular targets.Fil: Pereira Ramos, Pablo Ivan. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Flores Custodio, Gregori Marlon. No especifíca;Fil: Quispe Saji, Guadalupe del Rosario. No especifíca;Fil: Cardoso, Thiago. No especifíca;Fil: Luchetti da Silva, Gisele. No especifíca;Fil: Braun, Graziela. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Martins, Williams. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Girardello, Raquel. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Ribeiro de Vasconcellos, Ana Teresa. No especifíca;Fil: Fernandez, Elmer Andres. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Gales, Cristina. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Nicolas, Marisa. No especifíca

miR-146a is a pivotal regulator of neutrophil extracellular trap formation promoting thrombosis.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) induce a procoagulant response linking inflammation and thrombosis. Low levels of miR-146a, a brake of inflammatory response, are involved in higher risk for cardiovascular events, but the mechanisms explaining how miR-146a exerts its function remain largely undefined. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of miR-146a deficiency in NETosis both, in sterile and non-sterile models in vivo, and to inquire into the underlying mechanism. Two models of inflammation were performed: 1) Ldlr-/- mice transplanted with bone marrow from miR-146a-/- or wild type (WT) were fed high-fat diet, generating an atherosclerosis model; and 2) an acute inflammation model was generated by injecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 mg/Kg) into miR-146a-/- and WT mice. miR-146a deficiency increased NETosis in both models. Accordingly, miR-146a-/- mice showed significant reduced carotid occlusion time and elevated levels of NETs in thrombi following FeCl3-induced thrombosis. Infusion of DNAse I abolished arterial thrombosis in WT and miR-146a-/- mice. Interestingly, miR-146a deficient mice have aged, hyperreactive and pro-inflammatory neutrophils in circulation that are more prone to form NETs independently of the stimulus. Furthermore, we demonstrated that community acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients with reduced miR-146a levels associated with the T variant of the functional rs2431697, presented an increased risk for cardiovascular events due in part to an increased generation of NETs.This work was supported by research grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional “Investing in your future” (PI17/00051 y PI17/01421) (PFIS18/0045: A.M. de los Reyes-García) (CD18/00044: S. Águila), and Fundación Séneca (19873/GERM/15). The CNIC is supported by the ISCIII, the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIU), and the Fundación Pro CNIC, and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (SEV-2015-0505). A.B. Arroyo has a research fellowship from Sociedad Española de Trombosis y Hemostasia (SETH). The MCIU supported A.dM. (predoctoral contract BES-2014-067791).S

The burden of non-SARS-CoV2 viral lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children in Barcelona (Spain): A long-term, clinical, epidemiologic and economic study

Cost of illness; Hospitalization; VirusesCost de la malaltia; Hospitalització; VirusCoste de la enfermedad; Hospitalización; VirusBackground Viral lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) are the leading cause of hospitalization in children. In Catalonia (Spain), information is scarce about the burden of viral LRTIs in paediatric hospitalizations. The aim of this study is to describe epidemiological, clinical, virological and economic features of paediatric hospitalizations due to viral LRTI. Methods From October 2012 to December 2020, children aged <16 years admitted to a tertiary paediatric hospital in Catalonia (Spain) with confirmed viral LRTI were included in the study. Virus seasonality, prevalence, age and sex distribution, clinical characteristics, hospital costs and bed occupancy rates were determined. Results A total of 3,325 children were included (57.17% male, 9.44% with comorbidities) accounting for 4056 hospitalizations (32.47% ≤ 12 months): 53.87% with wheezing/asthma, 37.85% with bronchiolitis and 8.28% with pneumonia. The most common virus was respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (52.59%). Influenza A was associated with pneumonia (odds ratio [OR] 7.75) and caused longer hospitalizations (7 ± 31.58 days), while RSV was associated with bronchiolitis (OR 6.62) and was the most frequent reason for admission to the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) (11.23%) and for respiratory support (78.76%). Male sex, age ≤12 months, chronic conditions and bronchiolitis significantly increased the odds of PICU admission. From October to May, viral LRTIs accounted for 12.36% of overall hospital bed days. The total hospitalization cost during the study period was €16,603,415. Conclusions Viral LRTIs are an important cause of morbidity, hospitalization and PICU admission in children. The clinical burden is associated with significant bed occupancy and health-care costs, especially during seasonal periods.This work was partially supported by the Spanish National R + D + I Plan 2008–2011 and by the Carlos III Health Institute, the Subdirectorate-General of Networks and Cooperative Research Centers, the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, the Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016/0003), and by the Health Research Fund, the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (grants FIS PI14/01838 and FIS PI18/00685), and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). Editorial assistance for revision of the English language and edition of the manuscript was provided by Vanessa Marfil, medical writer from MSC (Spain) and funded by Sanofi

Experimental and Theoretical Study of SbPO4 under Compression

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Inorganic Chemistry, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02268.[EN] SbPO4 is a complex monoclinic layered material characterized by a strong activity of the nonbonding lone electron pair (LEP) of Sb. The strong cation LEP leads to the formation of layers piled up along the a axis and linked by weak SbO electrostatic interactions. In fact, Sb has 4-fold coordination with O similarly to what occurs with the P-O coordination, despite the large difference in ionic radii and electronegativity between both elements. Here we report a joint experimental and theoretical study of the structural and vibrational properties of SbPO4 at high pressure. We show that SbPO4 is not only one of the most compressible phosphates but also one of the most compressible compounds of the ABO(4) family. Moreover, it has a considerable anisotropic compression behavior, with the largest compression occurring along a direction close to the a axis and governed by the compression of the LEP and the weak interlayer Sb-O bonds. The strong compression along the a axis leads to a subtle modification of the monoclinic crystal structure above 3 GPa, leading from a 2D to a 3D material. Moreover, the onset of a reversible pressure-induced phase transition is observed above 9 GPa, which is completed above 20 GPa. We propose that the high-pressure phase is a triclinic distortion of the original monoclinic phase. The understanding of the compression mechanism of SbPO4 can aid to improve the ion intercalation and catalytic properties of this layered compound.The authors acknowledge financial support from the Brazilian Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq - 159754/2018-6, 307199/2018-5, 422250/20163, 201050/2012-9), FAPESP (2013/07793-6), Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) under projects MALTA Consolider Ingenio 2010 network (MAT2015-71070-REDC and RED2018-102612-T), MAT2016-75586-C4-1/2/3-P, PGC2018-097520-A-I00, FIS2017-83295-P, and PGC2018-094417-B-I00 from Generalitat Valenciana under project PROMETEO/2018/123, and the European Comission under project COMEX. D.S.-P., JA.S., and A.O.d.l.R. acknowledge "Ramim y Cajal" Fellowships for financial support (RyC-2014-15643, RYC-2015-17482, and RyC-2016-20301, respectively). E.L.d. S., A.M., A.B., and P.R-.H. acknowledge computing time provided by Red Espanola de SupercomputaciOn (RES) and MALTA-Cluster.Pereira, ALDJ.; Santamaria-Pérez, D.; Vilaplana Cerda, RI.; Errandonea, D.; Popescu, C.; Da Silva, EL.; Sans-Tresserras, JÁ.... (2020). Experimental and Theoretical Study of SbPO4 under Compression. Inorganic Chemistry. 59(1):287-307. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02268S287307591Falcão Filho, E. L., Bosco, C. A. C., Maciel, G. S., de Araújo, C. B., Acioli, L. H., Nalin, M., & Messaddeq, Y. (2003). Ultrafast nonlinearity of antimony polyphosphate glasses. Applied Physics Letters, 83(7), 1292-1294. doi:10.1063/1.1601679Nalin, M., Poulain, M., Poulain, M., Ribeiro, S. J. ., & Messaddeq, Y. (2001). Antimony oxide based glasses. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 284(1-3), 110-116. doi:10.1016/s0022-3093(01)00388-xNalin, M., Messaddeq, Y., Ribeiro, S. J. L., Poulain, M., Briois, V., Brunklaus, G., … Eckert, H. (2004). 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Physical Review B, 81(6). doi:10.1103/physrevb.81.064113Errandonea, D., Gomis, O., Rodríguez-Hernández, P., Muñoz, A., Ruiz-Fuertes, J., Gupta, M., … Bettinelli, M. (2018). High-pressure structural and vibrational properties of monazite-type BiPO4, LaPO4, CePO4, and PrPO4. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 30(6), 065401. doi:10.1088/1361-648x/aaa20dLópez-Solano, J., Rodríguez-Hernández, P., Muñoz, A., Gomis, O., Santamaría-Perez, D., Errandonea, D., … Raptis, C. (2010). Theoretical and experimental study of the structural stability ofTbPO4at high pressures. Physical Review B, 81(14). doi:10.1103/physrevb.81.144126Musselman, M. A., Wilkinson, T. M., Haberl, B., & Packard, C. E. (2018). In situ Raman spectroscopy of pressure‐induced phase transformations in polycrystalline Tb PO 4 , Dy PO 4 , and Gd x Dy (1− x ) PO 4. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 101(6), 2562-2570. doi:10.1111/jace.15374Muñoz, A., & Rodríguez-Hernández, P. (2018). 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Objective sputum colour assessment and clinical outcomes in bronchiectasis: data from the European Bronchiectasis Registry (EMBARC)

Background A validated 4-point sputum colour chart can be used to objectively evaluate the levels of airway inflammation in bronchiectasis patients. In the European Bronchiectasis Registry (EMBARC), we tested whether sputum colour would be associated with disease severity and clinical outcomes. Methods We used a prospective, observational registry of adults with bronchiectasis conducted in 31 countries. Patients who did not produce spontaneous sputum were excluded from the analysis. The Murray sputum colour chart was used at baseline and at follow-up visits. Key outcomes were frequency of exacerbations, hospitalisations for severe exacerbations and mortality during up to 5-year follow-up. Results 13 484 patients were included in the analysis. More purulent sputum was associated with lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1), worse quality of life, greater bacterial infection and a higher bronchiectasis severity index. Sputum colour was strongly associated with the risk of future exacerbations during follow-up. Compared to patients with mucoid sputum (reference group), patients with mucopurulent sputum experienced significantly more exacerbations (incident rate ratio (IRR) 1.29, 95% CI 1.22–1.38; p&lt;0.0001), while the rates were even higher for patients with purulent (IRR 1.55, 95% CI 1.44–1.67; p&lt;0.0001) and severely purulent sputum (IRR 1.91, 95% CI 1.52–2.39; p&lt;0.0001). Hospitalisations for severe exacerbations were also associated with increasing sputum colour with rate ratios, compared to patients with mucoid sputum, of 1.41 (95% CI 1.29–1.56; p&lt;0.0001), 1.98 (95% CI 1.77–2.21; p&lt;0.0001) and 3.05 (95% CI 2.25–4.14; p&lt;0.0001) for mucopurulent, purulent and severely purulent sputum, respectively. Mortality was significantly increased with increasing sputum purulence, hazard ratio 1.12 (95% CI 1.01–1.24; p=0.027), for each increment in sputum purulence. Conclusion Sputum colour is a simple marker of disease severity and future risk of exacerbations, severe exacerbations and mortality in patients with bronchiectasis.</p