Brominated Flame Retardants in Fish of Lake Geneva (Switzerland)

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) andhexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) were determined in fish(Salmo trutta forma lacustris) from Lake Geneva. Bromi-nated flame retardants were detected in all nine samples withan average concentration for the sum of BDE-28, BDE-47,BDE-49, BDE-66, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-119, BDE-153,BDE-154 and BDE-209 of 207 ng per g lipid weight(ng g lw-1). The congener patterns were dominated by BDE-47. The average concentration of HBCD was 168 ng g lw-1

Fludarabine increases nuclease-free AAV- and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated homologous recombination in mice

: Homologous recombination (HR)-based gene therapy using adeno-associated viruses (AAV-HR) without nucleases has several advantages over classic gene therapy, especially the potential for permanent transgene expression. However, the low efficiency of AAV-HR remains a major limitation. Here, we tested a series of small-molecule compounds and found that ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) inhibitors substantially enhance AAV-HR efficiency in mouse and human liver cell lines approximately threefold. Short-term administration of the RNR inhibitor fludarabine increased the in vivo efficiency of both non-nuclease- and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated AAV-HR two- to sevenfold in the murine liver, without causing overt toxicity. Fludarabine administration induced transient DNA damage signaling in both proliferating and quiescent hepatocytes. Notably, the majority of AAV-HR events occurred in non-proliferating hepatocytes in both fludarabine-treated and control mice, suggesting that the induction of transient DNA repair signaling in non-dividing hepatocytes was responsible for enhancing AAV-HR efficiency in mice. These results suggest that use of a clinically approved RNR inhibitor can potentiate AAV-HR-based genome-editing therapeutics

Características superficiais dos instrumentos XP-Endo Shaper

O XP-endo Shaper é um sistema de lima única comercializado em blister pré-esterilizado, pronto para uso. O instrumento opera em movimento rotatório contínuo e possui a capacidade de reagir a variações da temperatura, se expandindo e/ou contraindo e acompanhar assim a anatomia dos canais radiculares. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar, in vitro, por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura, a superfície de corte do instrumento endodôntico XP-endo Shaper, em relação a defeitos ou falhas no processo de fabricação. Vinte instrumentos XP-endo Shaper foram avaliados por microscopia de varredura (100x) em três regiões: 0 mm (ponta do instrumento), 4 mm da ponta e 7 mm da ponta. Utilizando um sistema de escores (1- lima sem nenhuma área de defeitos na superfície examinada; 2- lima com cerca de uma a três áreas com defeitos na superfície examinada; 3- lima com cerca de quatro a cinco áreas com defeitos examinadas; 4- lima com mais de 5 áreas com defeitos na superfície examinada), as imagens foram avaliadas em relação às falhas de fabricação (borda irregular, ranhura, microcavidade e rebarba) e em relação a presença de detritos (presente ou ausente). Foram verificadas que 71,28% das imagens avaliadas exibiram borda irregular, 89,40% ranhura, 71,20% microcavidade e 56,10% rebarba. Em todas as regiões houve predominância do escore 2. Foram verificados detritos em 100% das amostras. Tendo em vista os resultados obtidos nesse estudo, foi possível concluir que todos os instrumentos mostraram algum tipo de defeito / falha no processo de fabricação e que os instrumentos apresentam detritos na superfície.  Palavras-chave: Endodontia. Instrumentos odontológicos. Microscopia eletrônica de varredura

Os guardados da viscondessa: fotografia e memória na coleção Ribeiro de Avellar

This paper discusses the theme of family life when Brazil was an empire, using the\ud methodological approach of microhistory and by analyzing personal documents that belonged\ud to the Ribeiro de Avellar family, who were wealthy landowners and proprietors of coffee\ud plantations and slaves in Paty do Alferes, located in the Paraíba River Valley of the Province of\ud Rio de Janeiro. The author focused on the analysis of photographic portraits in order to reflect\ud upon the different means of circulation of images and the prevailing family ideal at the tim

Association of Polyaminergic Loci With Anxiety, Mood Disorders, and Attempted Suicide

The polyamine system has been implicated in a number of psychiatric conditions, which display both alterations in polyamine levels and altered expression of genes related to polyamine metabolism. Studies have identified associations between genetic variants in spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SAT1) and both anxiety and suicide, and several polymorphisms appear to play important roles in determining gene expression.We genotyped 63 polymorphisms, spread across four polyaminergic genes (SAT1, spermine synthase (SMS), spermine oxidase (SMOX), and ornithine aminotransferase like-1 (OATL1)), in 1255 French-Canadian individuals who have been followed longitudinally for 22 years. We assessed univariate associations with anxiety, mood disorders, and attempted suicide, as assessed during early adulthood. We also investigated the involvement of gene-environment interactions in terms of childhood abuse, and assessed internalizing and externalizing symptoms as endophenotypes mediating these interactions. Overall, each gene was associated with at least one main outcome: anxiety (SAT1, SMS), mood disorders (SAT1, SMOX), and suicide attempts (SAT1, OATL1). Several SAT1 polymorphisms displayed disease-specific risk alleles, and polymorphisms in this gene were involved in gene-gene interactions with SMS to confer risk for anxiety disorders, as well as gene-environment interactions between childhood physical abuse and mood disorders. Externalizing behaviors demonstrated significant mediation with regards to the association between OATL1 and attempted suicide, however there was no evidence that externalizing or internalizing behaviors were appropriate endophenotypes to explain the associations with mood or anxiety disorders. Finally, childhood sexual abuse did not demonstrate mediating influences on any of our outcomes.These results demonstrate that genetic variants in polyaminergic genes are associated with psychiatric conditions, each of which involves a set of separate and distinct risk alleles. As several of these polymorphisms are associated with gene expression, these findings may provide mechanisms to explain the alterations in polyamine metabolism which have been observed in psychiatric disorders