Aharonov-Bohm Effect in Cyclotron and Synchrotron Radiations

We study the impact of Aharonov-Bohm solenoid on the radiation of a charged particle moving in a constant uniform magnetic field. With this aim in view, exact solutions of Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations are found in the magnetic-solenoid field. Using such solutions, we calculate exactly all the characteristics of one-photon spontaneous radiation both for spinless and spinning particle. Considering non-relativistic and relativistic approximations, we analyze cyclotron and synchrotron radiations in detail. Radiation peculiarities caused by the presence of the solenoid may be considered as a manifestation of Aharonov-Bohm effect in the radiation. In particular, it is shown that new spectral lines appear in the radiation spectrum. Due to angular distribution peculiarities of the radiation intensity, these lines can in principle be isolated from basic cyclotron and synchrotron radiation spectraComment: 38 pages, LaTex fil

Bispectral Index In Calves Anesthetized With Xylazine, Midazolam, Ketamine, Isoflurane And Subjected To Continuous Rate Infusion Of Lidocaine

PURPOSE: To assess the bispectral index (BIS) and recovery in calves anesthetized with xylazine, midazolam, ketamine and isoflurane and subjected to CRI of lidocaine. METHODS: Xilazine was administered followed by ketamine and midazolam, orotracheal intubation and maintenance on isoflurane using mechanical ventilation. Lidocaine (2 mg kg-1 bolus) or saline (0.9%) was administered IV followed by a CRI (100 μg kg-1 minute-1) of lidocaine (L) or saline (C). Were recorded BIS, heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and rectal temperature (RT) before administration of premedication (TB) and 15 minutes after (TX), before administering lidocaine (T0) and 20, 40, 60 and 80 minutes after the start of the CRI. Time do sternal recumbency (SRE) and standing (ST) and plasma lidocaine concentration also evaluated. RESULTS: In both treatments BIS decreased significantly at all times compared to TB. TX was higher than the subsequent times. HR decreased from baseline at all times and decreased from T40 in L compared to C. SRE was higher in L compared to C. CONCLUSIONS: Bispectral index values were consistent with the degree of hypnosis of the animals. Lidocaine did not potentiate isoflurane anesthesia assessed by BIS in unstimulated calves anesthetized with constant E´Iso. Lidocaine increased the time to sternal recumbency.3016772Haga, H.A., Dolvik, N.I., Evaluation of the bispectral index as an indicator of degree of central nervous system depression in isoflurane-anesthetizes horses (2002) Am J Vet Res, 63 (3), pp. 438-442Henao-Guerreno, P.N., McMurphy, R., Kukanich, B., Hodgson, D.S., Effect of morphine on the bispectral index during isoflurane anesthesia in dogs (2009) Vet Anaesth Analg, 36 (2), pp. 133-143Rosow, C., Manberg, P.J., Bispectral index monitoring (2001) Anesthesiol Clin North Am, 19 (4), pp. 947-966Antognini, J.F., Wang, X.W., Cartens, E., Isoflurane anaesthetic depth in goats monitored using the bispectral index of the electroencephalogram (2000) Vet Res Commun, 24 (6), pp. 361-370Martin-Cancho, M., Lima, J.R., Luis, L., Crisóstomo, V., Ezquerra, L.J., Carrasco, M.S., Usón-Gargallo, J., Bispectral index, spectral edge frequency 95%, and median frequency recorded for various concentration of isoflurane and sevoflurane in pigs (2003) Am J Vet Res, 64 (7), pp. 866-873March, P.A., Muir, W.W., Use of the bispectral index as a monitor of anesthetic depth in cats anesthetized with isoflurane (2003) Am J Vet Res, 64 (12), pp. 1534-1541Campagnol, D., Teixeira Neto, F.J., Monteiro, E.R., Beier, L.S., Aguiar, J.A., Use of bispectral index to monitor depth of anesthesia in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs (2007) Am J Vet Res, 68 (12), pp. 1300-1307Garcia-Pereira, F.L., Greene, A.S., Keegan, R.D., McEwen, M.M., Tibary, A., Effects of intravenous butorphanol on cardiopulmonary function in isoflurane-anesthetized alpacas (2007) Vet Anesth Analg, 34 (4), pp. 269-274Muir, W.W., Wiese, A.J., March, P.A., Effects of morphine, lidocaine, ketamine, and morphine-lidocaine-ketamine drug combination on minimum alveolar concentration in dogs anesthetized with isoflurane (2003) Am J Vet Res, 64 (9), pp. 1155-1160Vesal, N., Spadavecchia, C., Steiner, A., Kirscher, F., Levionnois, O.L., Evaluation of the isoflurane-sparing effects of lidocaine infusion during umbilical surgery in calves (2011) Vet Anaest Analg, 38 (5), pp. 451-460Dzikiti, T.B., Hellebrekers, P., Van Dijk, P., Effects of intravenous lidocaine on isoflurane concentration, physiological parameters, metabolic parameters and stress-related hormones in horses undergoing surgery (2003) J Vet Med A, 50 (4), pp. 190-195Pypendop, B.H., Ilkiw, J.E., The effects of intravenous lidocaine administration on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in cats. Anesth Analg (2005) Jan, 100 (1), pp. 97-101Doherty, T., Redua, M.A., Queiroz-Castro, P., Egger, C., Cox, S.K., Rohrbach, B.W., Effect of intravenous lidocaine and ketamine on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in goats (2007) Vet Anaest Analg, 34 (2), pp. 125-131Doherty, T.J., Frazier, D.L., Effect of intravenous lidocaine on halothane minimum alveolar concentration in ponies (1998) Equine Vet J, 30 (4), pp. 300-303Valverde, A., Doherty, T.J., Hérnandez, J., Davies, W., Effect of lidocaine on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in dogs (2004) Vet Anaest Analg, 31 (4), pp. 264-274. , OctMurrel, J.C., White, K.L., Johnson, C.B., Taylor, P.M., Doherty, T.J., Waterman-Pearson, A.E., Investigation of the EEG effects of intravenous lidocaine during halothane anaesthesia in ponies (2005) Vet Anaest Analg, 32 (4), pp. 212-221Robertson, S.A., Sanches, L.C., Merrit, A.M., Doherty, T.J., Effect of systemic lidocaine on visceral and somatic nociception in conscious horses (2005) Equine Vet J, 37 (2), pp. 122-127Moraes, A.N., Dyson, D.H., Mr, O., McDonell, W.N., Holmberg, D.L., Plasma concentration and cardiovascular influence of lidocaine infusions during isoflurane anesthesia in healthy dogs and dogs with subaortic stenosis (1998) Vet Surg, 27 (5), pp. 486-497Pypendop, B.H., Ilkiw, J.E., Assessment of the hemodynamic effects of lidocaine administered IV in isoflurane-anesthetized cats (2005) Am J Vet Res, 66 (4), pp. 661-668Ringer, S.K., Kalchofner, K., Boller, J., Fürst, A., Bettschart- Wolfensberger, R.A., clinical comparison of two anaesthetic protocols using lidocaine or medetomidine in horses. Vet. Anaesth (2007) Analg, 34 (4), pp. 257-268Valverde, A., Rickey, E., Sinclair, M., Rioja, E., Pedernera, J., Hathway, A., Cruz, A., Comparison of cardiovascular function and quality of recovery in isoflurane-anaesthetised horses administered a constant rate infusion of lidocaine or lidocaine and medetomidine during elective surgery (2010) Equine Vet. J, 42 (3), pp. 192-199Cantalapietra, A.G., Villanueva, B., Pereira, J.L., Anaesthetic potency of isoflurane in cattle: Determination of the minimum alveolar concentration (2000) Vet Anaesth Analg, 27 (1), pp. 22-26Mendes, F.D., Chen, L.S., Borges, A., Babadópulos, T., Ilha, J.O., Alkharfy, K.M., Mendes, G.D., De Nucci G. Ciprofibrate quantification in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry for pharmacokinetic studies (2012) J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci, 879 (24), pp. 2361-2368. , Aug;15Johansen, J.W., Sebel, P.S., Development and clinical application of electroencephalographic bispectrum monitoring (2000) Anesthesiology, 93 (5), pp. 1336-1344Kissin, I., Depth of anesthesia and bispectral index monitoring (2000) Anesth Analg, 90 (5), pp. 1114-1117March, P.A., Muir, W.W., Bispectral analysis of the electroencephalogram: A review of its development and use in anesthesia (2005) Vet Anaest Analg, 32 (5), pp. 241-255Hans, G.A., Lauwick, S.M., Kaba, A., Bonhomme, V., Struys, M.M., Hans, P.C., Lamy, M.L., Joris, J.L., Intravenous lidocaine infusion reduces bispectral index-guided requirements of propofol only during surgical stimulation (2010) Br J Anaesth, 105 (4), pp. 471-479Wilson, R.A., Soel, L.K., Beztarosti, K., Lamers, J.M., Verdouw, P.D., Negative inotropy of lidocaine: Possible biochemical mechanisms (1993) Eur Heart J, 14 (2), pp. 284-289Pankucsi, C., Varrô, A., Nánási, P.P., Three distinct components of the negative inotropic action of lidocaine in dog Purkinje fiber (1996) Gen Pharmacol, 27 (1), pp. 69-71Valverde, A., Gunkelt, C., Doherty, T.J., Giguère, S., Pollak, A.S., Effect of a constant rate infusion of lidocaine on the quality of recovery from sevoflurane or isoflurane general anaesthesia in horses (2005) Equine Vet J, 37 (6), pp. 559-564Feary, D.J., Mama, K.R., Wagner, E.A., Thomasy, S., Influence of general anesthesia on pharmacokinetics of intravenous lidocaine infusion in horses (2005) Am J Vet Res, 66 (4), pp. 574-580. , Ap

Design, fabrication and analysis of a bio-based tensegrity structure using non-destructive testing

International audienceIn this work, an experimental and numerical study of the behavior of a tensegrity structure constructed with natural materials is presented. Firstly, it is shown the concept of tensegrity structures, highlighting its emergence, current context, and applications within Civil Engineering. The design of a bio-based tensegrity structural module is investigated as object of study. Initially, a prototype of a single module of the structure is built in 1:25 scale. Subsequently, a prototype on a 1:5.65 scale is built using Phyllostachys aurea bamboo culms for the struts and sisal (Agave sisalana) ropes for the cable nets. Both non-destructive static and dynamic testing were performed on the module to investigate the level of prestress right after assembly of the structure and also considering the relaxation of the cable networks under laboratory conditions. The results obtained from the experimental tests are compared with the numerical predictions by means of a relative error parameter regarding the static stresses and the natural frequencies. Thus, it was possible to indirectly determine the level of prestress applied in the sisal ropes of the tensegrity module. The prestress level was equal to 15% in both static and dynamic approaches, which indicates a good agreement between them and points to the robustness of the proposed methodology. The use of bamboo as a suitable material for strut-cord joints is proposed to avoid metal components and consider the end-of-life biodegradability of the structure in the design of joints. The study deploys bio-based materials for tensegrity structures and the kit of parts as a whole, contributing to the development of extremely lightweight and sustainable structural systems

Consumo, digestibilidade aparente, produção e composição do leite e variáveis ruminais em vacas leiteiras alimentadas com dietas à base de cana-de-açúcar Intake, apparent digestibility, milk production and composition and ruminal variables of dairy cows fed sugar cane based diets

Doze vacas da raça Holandesa, puras e mestiças, foram distribuídas em três quadrados latinos 4 x 4, com o objetivo de avaliar o consumo e a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes, a produção e composição do leite, o pH e a amônia ruminais. As dietas foram constituídas à base de silagem de milho (SM) (AG 1051) com relação volumoso:concentrado (V:C) de 60:40, com base na matéria seca (MS), ou à base de cana-de-açúcar (CA) (RB 855536) com relação V:C de 60:40, com 0,35 ou 1% da mistura uréia+sulfato de amônio (SA) ou V:C de 50:50 com 1% de uréia+SA. O consumo de MS foi de 17,8; 14,9; 14,4 e 15,8 kg/dia, para as dietas, respectivamente. O maior consumo de MS resultou, também, em maior consumo de nutrientes para a dieta à base de SM, com exceção dos carboidratos não-fibrosos, em que se verificou maior consumo para a dieta com CA com 50% de concentrado. A produção de leite (PL) foi maior para a dieta à base de SM, não havendo diferença na PL entre as dietas contendo CA, sendo de 22,0; 19,0; 18,6 e 20,1 kg/dia e a produção de leite corrigida para 3,5% de gordura foi de 23,0; 19,7; 19,4 e 21,3 kg/dia para as dietas SM, CA 0,35%, CA 1%, CA 1% 50:50, respectivamente. Em relação à composição do leite, não foram encontradas diferenças entre as dietas. Os teores de gordura foram de 3,8, 3,8, 3,8 e 3,9% para as dietas, respectivamente. Não foram verificadas diferenças quanto à digestibilidade aparente da MS, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta e carboidratos totais entre as dietas. A digestibilidade aparente da fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) foi maior para a dieta contendo SM (47%). Não houve diferença na digestibilidade da FDN, entre as diferentes dietas com CA, 32, 31 e 31%, respectivamente. Dentro de cada tempo (antes e três horas após a alimentação matinal), não houve diferença nos valores de pH e compostos nitrogenados amoniacais (N-NH3) entre as dietas.<br>Twelve purebred and crossbred Holstein cows were allotted to three 4 x 4 Latin Squares to evaluate the intake, apparent digestibility of nutrients, milk production and composition, ruminal pH and ammonia. The experimental diets were based on corn silage (CS) (AG 1051) with forage:concentrate ratio (F:C) of 60:40, in dry matter (DM) basis, or based on sugar cane (SC) (RB 855536) with F:C of 60:40 with .35 or 1% of urea+ammonium sulfate (AS) mixture or F:C of 50:50 with 1% of urea+AS. DM intake was 17.8, 14.9, 14.4, and 15.8 kg/day, for the diets, respectively. DM intake was higher, resulting in greater nutrient intake for CS based diet, except for the non fiber carbohydrates intake, which showed higher intake for SC based diet with 50% concentrate. Milk production (MP) was higher for the CS based diet, with no difference in MP among the SC based diets, with mean values of 22.0, 19.0, 18.6, and 20.1 kg/day and the 3.5% fat corrected milk production was 23.0, 19.7, 19.4, and 21.3 kg/day for the CS, SC .35%, SC 1% and SC 1% 50:50, respectively. Milk composition was not different among the experimental diets and milk fat contents were 3.8, 3.8, 3.8, and 3.9% for the CS, SC .35%, SC 1% and SC 1% 50:50, respectively. No difference on apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein and total carbohydrates among the diets was observed. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) apparent digestibility was higher for the CS based diet (47). There was no difference in NDF digestibility among SC based diets, 32, 31 and 31%, respectively. Inside each time (before and three hours after the morning feeding) there was no difference of pH values and amonia nitrogen compounds (N-NH3) among the diets