9 research outputs found
INDICAÇÃO DE ESPÉCIES DE PORTE ARBÓREO PARA A ARBORIZAÇÃO URBANA NO SEMI-ÁRIDO PARAIBANO
O maior desafio da arborização urbana está no conflito que se estabelece entre as árvores e os demais elementos que compõem o ambiente. Em ambientes que apresentam um clima hostil, como ocorre em cidades do semi-árido brasileiro, esse desafio é bem maior. A solução depende, no ato do planejamento, da escolha correta das árvores. Para isto, procederam-se pesquisas no intuito de se identificar e analisar as potencialidades de espécies de porte arbóreo, nativas ou exóticas adaptadas, que possam ser indicadas adequadamente para a arborização urbana. Os estudos foram realizados no sertão paraibano, tendo-se identificado 29 espécies, nativas e exóticas, cujas potencialidades foram analisadas, resultando em 21 indicações para arborização de vias públicas, 29 para áreas verdes e 07 para mata ciliar. Do total de árvores pesquisadas e selecionadas, 7 são de pequeno porte, 14 de porte médio e 8 de grande porte.
Qualidade de chapas de partículas de Pinus elliottii coladas com resina poliuretana sob diferentes combinações de pressão e temperatura
This work aimed to produce homogeneous layer particle boards with residues of Pinus elliottii wood adhered with polyurethane adhesive to castor oil plant base and to evaluate the effect of the combination of pressure and temperature in the quality of the particle boards produced. To do so, 12 particle boards were manufactured, subdivided into four treatments in function of the pressure (2.0; 3.0; 3.5; and 3.5 MPa) and temperature (90; 90; 50; and 60 ºC). The particleboards were sectioned in test samples, and accomplished by physical-mechanical tests for the determination of density, swelling and absorption of water (0-2h; 2-24h; e 0-24h); rupture module and elasticity module in static bending, internal ligation and screw withdrawal. The particle boards pressed with pressure of 3.0 MPa and temperature of 90 ºC and that with pressure of 3.5 MPa and temperature of 60 ºC presented the best results. The higher temperature of pressing was the predominant variable in the quality of those particle boards manufactured.Os objetivos da pesquisa foram produzir chapas de partículas com resíduos do processamento da madeira de Pinus elliottii coladas com resina poliuretana à base de mamona e avaliar o efeito da combinação da pressão e temperatura na qualidade das chapas produzidas. Para tanto, foram confeccionadas 12 chapas, subdivididas em quatro tratamentos em função da pressão (2,0; 3,0; 3,5; e 3,5 MPa) e temperatura (90; 90; 50; e 60 ºC). Depois de prensadas e climatizadas, as chapas foram seccionadas em corpos de prova, e realizados ensaios físico-mecânicos para determinação da densidade, inchamento e absorção de água (0-2h; 2-24h; e 0-24h); módulo de ruptura e de elasticidade em flexão estática, ligação interna e arrancamento de parafuso. As chapas prensadas com pressão de 3,0 MPa e temperatura de 90ºC e aquelas com pressão de 3,5 MPa e temperatura de 60ºC apresentaram os melhores resultados. A temperatura de prensagem foi a variável preponderante na qualidade das chapas produzidas
EXPERIÊNCIA PILOTO EM ARBORIZAÇÃO PARTICIPATIVA EM DUAS CIDADES DE PEQUENO PORTE DO SEMI-ÁRIDO BRASILEIRO
As árvores urbanas desempenham funções ecológicas, econômicas e sociais no espaço em que se inserem proporcionando vários benefícios à população. Submetidas a um clima quente e seco, as cidades do semi-árido brasileiro necessitam da presença de uma massa arbórea que lhes proporcionem melhorias no padrão ambiental, garantindo-lhes, melhoria de vida das populações nelas inseridas. Este trabalho objetivou a aplicação do planejamento participativo na arborização urbana em cidades de pequeno porte do semi-árido paraibano. Foi avaliada a Arborização Participativa nas cidades de São Mamede e São José do Bonfim, ambas situadas no Território do Médio Sertão Paraibano, que poderão servir de modelo para as demais cidades similares da região. Neste trabalho realizaram-se a sensibilização da população, levantamentos preliminares (diagnóstico da arborização) e elaboração e execução do plano de arborização. Os resultados evidenciaram que em São Mamede há um déficit de 54% de árvores a serem implantadas nas ruas, enquanto em São José do Bonfim este déficit é de 69,7%. Constatou-se que em cidades de pequeno porte o planejamento participativo é tecnicamente viável, apesar do grau de complexidade operacional
Quality of Pinus elliottii particle boards boned with polyurethane adhesive under various combinations of temperature and pressure
Os objetivos da pesquisa foram produzir chapas de part\uedculas com
res\uedduos do processamento da madeira de Pinus elliottii coladas
com resina poliuretana \ue0 base de mamona e avaliar o efeito da
combina\ue7\ue3o da press\ue3o e temperatura na qualidade das
chapas produzidas. Para tanto, foram confeccionadas 12 chapas,
subdivididas em quatro tratamentos em fun\ue7\ue3o da press\ue3o
(2,0; 3,0; 3,5; e 3,5 MPa) e temperatura (90; 90; 50; e 60 \ubaC).
Depois de prensadas e climatizadas, as chapas foram seccionadas em
corpos de prova, e realizados ensaios f\uedsico-mec\ue2nicos para
determina\ue7\ue3o da densidade, inchamento e absor\ue7\ue3o de
\ue1gua (0-2h; 2-24h; e 0-24h); m\uf3dulo de ruptura e de
elasticidade em flex\ue3o est\ue1tica, liga\ue7\ue3o interna e
arrancamento de parafuso. As chapas prensadas com press\ue3o de 3,0
MPa e temperatura de 90\ubaC e aquelas com press\ue3o de 3,5 MPa e
temperatura de 60\ubaC apresentaram os melhores resultados. A
temperatura de prensagem foi a vari\ue1vel preponderante na qualidade
das chapas produzidas.This work aimed to produce homogeneous layer particle boards with
residues of Pinus elliottii wood adhered with polyurethane adhesive
to castor oil plant base and to evaluate the effect of the combination
of pressure and temperature in the quality of the particle boards
produced. To do so, 12 particle boards were manufactured, subdivided
into four treatments in function of the pressure (2.0; 3.0; 3.5; and
3.5 MPa) and temperature (90; 90; 50; and 60 \ubaC). The
particleboards were sectioned in test samples, and accomplished by
physical-mechanical tests for the determination of density, swelling
and absorption of water (0-2h; 2-24h; and 0-24h); rupture module and
elasticity module in static bending, internal ligation and screw
withdrawal. The particle boards pressed with pressure of 3.0 MPa and
temperature of 90 \ubaC and that with pressure of 3.5 MPa and
temperature of 60 \ubaC presented the best results. The temperature
of pressing was the predominant variable in the quality of those
particle boards manufactured
Correction to: Partnership among hospitals to reduce healthcare associated infections: a quasi-experimental study in Brazilian ICUs
Seminário de Dissertação (2024)
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NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics
Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data
NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics
Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data
NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics
Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data