Resultados clínicos na facoemulsificação utilizando a fórmula SRK/T

PURPOSE: To evaluate the prediction of refraction using the SRK/T formula for intraocular lens (IOL) calculation in eyes with medium axial length after phacoemulsification. METHODS: This prospective study enrolled 33 eyes with nuclear cataract that underwent phacoemulsification. All procedures were performed by one surgeon with the intraocular lens placed within the capsular bag. The same technician who was unaware of the purpose of the study made all the measurements. The achieved refractive error one month after surgery was compared to the predicted postoperative refractive error by the SRK/T formula. RESULTS: The ocular axial length varied between 22.2 mm and 24.5 mm. The mean predicted refraction was -0.431 ± 0.181 D and the mean achieved postoperative spherical equivalent was -0.220 ± 0.732 D. Eighteen eyes (55%) had a refractive error between ± 0.50 D and thirty eyes (91%) between ± 1.00 D of the predicted refraction. There was a tendency toward hyperopic shift (mean ± SD: 0.211 ± 0.708 D, p=0.009). CONCLUSION: The SRK/T formula demonstrated a satisfactory accuracy to calculate the error of refraction in eyes with medium axial length.OBJETIVO: Avaliar resultados refracionais utilizando a fórmula SRK/T no cálculo de lentes intraoculares (LIO) em olhos com comprimento axial médio após facoemulsificação. MÉTODOS: Este estudo prospectivo envolveu 33 olhos com catarata nuclear que foram submetidos a facoemulsificação. Todas as cirurgias foram realizadas pelo mesmo cirurgião com lentes intraoculares no saco capsular. O mesmo tecnólogo, o qual não sabia o objetivo do estudo, realizou todas as medidas biométricas. O erro refracional atingido um mês após a cirurgia foi comparado ao erro refracional pós-operatório previsto pela fórmula SRK/T. RESULTADOS: O comprimento axial variou entre 22,2 mm e 24,5 mm. A refração média prevista foi -0,431 ± 0,181 dioptrias (D) e o equivalente esférico pós-operatório alcançado foi -0,220 ± 0,732 D. Dezoito olhos (55%) obtiveram erro refracional de ± 0,50 D e 30 olhos (91%) entre ± 1,00 D da refração prevista. Houve tendência a um erro hipermetrópico (média±SD: 0,211 ± 0,708 D, p=0,009). CONCLUSÃO: A fórmula SRK/T demonstrou acurácia satisfatória no cálculo do erro refracional em olhos de comprimento axial médio.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Department of OphthalmologyUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Department of OphthalmologyUNIFESP, Department of OphthalmologyUNIFESP, Department of OphthalmologySciEL

Cross-border arbitrage and acquirers’ returns in the Eurozone crisis

Using a sample of 1,263 European acquisitions over 2004–2012, we show that the performance of cross-border acquisitions is significantly affected by the Eurozone and the euro debt crisis. First, due to financial market integration and the elimination of exchange rate risk, intra-Eurozone acquisitions do not earn any abnormal returns for bidders. Second, as a result of the euro debt crisis and the temporary misvaluation among European countries, acquisitions earn positive abnormal returns only for non-Eurozone companies acquiring Eurozone targets. These abnormal returns are driven by the depreciation of the euro and the use of low-cost capital available to overvalued acquirers

In vitro antibiotic susceptibilities of ocular bacteria isolates from the cornea and conjunctiva to moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin and other fluoroquinolones Testes de sensibilidade antimicrobiana de bactérias isoladas da córnea e da conjuntiva à moxifloxacina, gatifloxacina e outras fluoroquinolonas

PURPOSE: To assess and compare the in vitro susceptibility of ocular bacterial isolates to fluoroquinolones, including moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin. METHODS: A total of 154 bacterial ocular isolates from keratitis and conjunctivitis were tested for sensitivity to the studied antibiotics, using the disk diffusion method. RESULTS: Of the 51 corneal isolates, 46 (90.2%) were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, 45 (88.2%) to ofloxacin and 41 (80.4%) to lomefloxacin. All corneal isolates were sensitive to moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin. Of the 103 bacterial conjunctival isolates, 101 (98.1%) and 103 (100%) were sensitive to gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin, respectively. Two strains of Streptococcus sp viridans group were resistant to gatifloxacin. A total of 82 (79.6%) specimens were sensitive to lomefloxacin, 89 (86.4%) and 96 (93.2%) to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, respectively. CONCLUSION: Fourth generation fluoroquinolones, herein exemplified by moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin, seem to be more effective than previous generation fluoroquinolones against frequently encountered organisms isolated from patients with bacterial keratitis and conjunctivitis.<br>OBJETIVOS: Conhecer e comparar a susceptibilidade in vitro de bactérias isoladas do olho à fluoroquinolonas, incluindo moxifloxacina e gatifloxacina. MÉTODOS: Um total de 154 bactérias isoladas de ceratites e conjuntivites foram submetidas a testes de sensibilidade antimicrobiana aos antibióticos usando o método de difusão em disco. RESULTADOS: Das 51 bactérias isoladas da córnea, 46 (90,2%) foram sensíveis a ciprofloxacina, 45 (88,2%) a ofloxacina e 41 (80,4%) a lomefloxacina. Todas as bactérias isoladas da córnea foram sensíveis a moxifloxacina e a gatifloxacina. Das 103 bactérias isoladas da conjuntiva 101 (98,1%) e 103 (100%) foram sensíveis a gatifloxacina e moxifloxacina, respectivamente. Duas cepas de Streptococcus sp do grupo viridans mostraram-se resistentes à gatifloxacina. Um total de 82 (79,6%) espécimes foi sensível a lomefloxacina, 89 (86,4%) e 96 (93,2%) a ciprofloxacina e ofloxacina, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: As quinolonas de 4ª geração, aqui exemplificadas pela moxifloxacina e gatifloxacina, apresentam eficácia antimicrobiana maior do que a ciprofloxacina, ofloxacina e lomefloxacina contra os organismos freqüentemente isolados em pacientes com infecções bacterianas da córnea e da conjuntiva

Evaluation of normal ocular bacterial flora with two different culture media

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine if the use of broth culture medium is efficient in investigating bacterial flora of the normal eyelid and conjunctiva.Methods: Samples from the conjunctiva and eyelid of healthy patients of various ages who were undergoing ocular surgeries were obtained and cultured at 3 periods: before topical antibiotic prophylaxis, in the postoperative period during topical antibiotic treatment, and 15 days after discontinuation of antibiotic use. Samples were inoculated into both brain heart infusion broth and blood agar plate, and the growth results of both media were analyzed.Results: Brain heart infusion broth medium showed a significantly higher bacterial growth of gram-positive cocci in most periods.The solid blood agar medium had a higher recovery of gram-positive bacilli before prophylaxis only in the older patients.Interpretation: Our results show that a more complete analysis of eyelid and conjunctival flora can be obtained using both liquid and solid media to increase the chances of isolate recovery. The inclusion of liquid media in this analysis was even more relevant in the period of concomitant use of antibiotic treatment.Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Ophthalmol, Paulista Sch Med, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Dept Microbiol, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Ophthalmol, Paulista Sch Med, Sao Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc