Le mot « odyssée » dans l’écriture essayiste au xxe siècle : un nœud notionnel complexe

Avec les Essais, Michel de Montaigne est considéré comme le fondateur du genre de l’essai littéraire. Or, la référence à l’Odyssée y apparaît déjà en notes à bien des reprises, ce qui pourrait suggérer d’emblée l’existence d’un lien particulier entre ce dernier texte et le genre de l’essai, où écriture et pensée relèvent d’un souci commun. L’essai, dans lequel se donnent à lire « à sauts et à gambades » les aventures d’une pensée, trouve peut-être dans l’odyssée un modèle, si bien que les réc..

Avant-propos

Force est de constater que la modélisation d’un mythe, celui de l’Odyssée d’Homère, a abouti à la constitution d’un nom commun, celui d’« odyssée ». Dans Mémoire d’Ulysse : récits sur la frontière en Grèce ancienne, François Hartog souligne la spécificité de l’Odyssée : l’Ulysse d’Homère n’est pas poussé par son désir de voir le monde : c’est un voyageur malgré lui. C’est un voyageur malgré lui, tout entier tendu vers le retour : « Du point de vue de la vision grecque de l’autre, il n’est san..

Le nom Ulysse dans les textes philosophiques occidentaux depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale.

Cette thèse constitue la cartographie du nom Ulysse dans un corpus de textes philosophiques européens et américains postérieurs à 1945 construit autour d une référence commune à Ulysse. Elle propose une lecture autre des textes philosophiques, autrement dit une lecture ne relevant pas de l herméneutique philosophique, mais d une herméneutique s attachant à déterminer les variantes textuelles d Ulysse et le sens que ces dernières peuvent prendre. Cette herméneutique permet de mettre en évidence l existence d un moment singulier de mémoire d Ulysse dans le corpus, qui correspond à une nouvelle version du mythe d Ulysse. L actualité d Ulysse réside dans la manière dont il inquiète les frontières disciplinaires, en particulier les lignes de partage entre les traditions philosophiques et littéraires. L étude des zones de métissage textuel entre textes philosophiques et intertextes d Ulysse, l Odyssée ainsi que la tradition littéraire de ses réécritures, la mise en évidence du fonctionnement d Ulysse comme personnage intelligent dans les textes philosophiques, mais aussi la dimension figurale d Ulysse révèlent en effet qu Ulysse est l alibi de la philosophie. Entretenant un rapport non disciplinaire à la philosophie, son rôle paraît justifier l ouverture de celle-ci vers l ailleurs.This dissertation is a cartography of the name Ulysses in various philosophical texts of Western post-1945 tradition, built around a common reference to Ulysses. It offers an alternative reading of philosophical texts, which is not set on a philosophical hermeneutics, but focuses rather upon a hermeneutics that tries to determine the textual variants of Ulysses and their interpretations. This hermeneutics highlights the existence of a unique moment in the memory of Ulysses as corpus, which is demonstrated as a new version of the myth of Ulysses. The present interest in the figure of Ulysses proceeds from its capacity to trouble the border between various disciplines, especially that which divides philosophical and literary traditions. A study of the areas of textual interbreeding between philosophical texts and literary intertexts of Ulysses, the Odyssey and the literary tradition of its rewritings, the revelation of the character of Ulysses' intelligence in the philosophical texts as well as its figural dimension, demonstrate that Ulysses is in fact the alibi of philosophy. As non-disciplinary figure, his role serves to establish an opening towards that which lies beyond the philosophical texts in which he appears.ST DENIS-BU PARIS8 (930662101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Voyages d’Odysée

La modélisation d’un mythe, celui de l’Odyssée d’Homère a abouti à la constitution d’un nom commun, celui d’ « odyssée » qui circule des textes littéraires aux textes théoriques. Ce volume se donne comme une cartographie des voyages du mot « odyssée » au sein de l’écriture essayiste, dans les dehors et aux abords de la littérature au xxe siècle, sans que jamais le mot se concentre suffisamment pour faire notion. Des voyages d’« odyssée », de ses déplacements et des détournements opérés dans les différents usages théoriques de ce mot polysémique au xxe siècle, dans la poétique, la théorie littéraire et les sciences humaines, s’esquissent des devenirs notionnels protéiformes. Voyages d’ « odyssée » est le fruit d’une collaboration interdisciplinaire : des comparatistes s’intéressant aux rapports de la littérature avec d’autres disciplines pratiquent une forme de pollinisation croisée de la pensée avec des spécialistes de différentes sciences humaines (philosophie, psychanalyse, géographie, biologie). Il s’est agit de retracer dans une approche historique et linguistique la généalogie du nom odyssée afin de parcourir le large spectre de ses signifiants et de ses statuts modernes. Si l’odyssée peut apparaître comme un simple mot dans certains textes (odyssée de l’espace, de l’espèce, etc.) ou une hypothèse, l’Odyssée d’Homère s’offre à certaines sciences humaines contemporaines comme un véritable champ d’exploration, voire comme un paradigme ou un modèle. Enfin, l’Odyssée est également un miroir à facettes critiques qui séduit les discours du nous et (dés)oriente les réflexions sur l’Occident

Conservative management or cesarean hysterectomy for placenta accreta spectrum: the PACCRETA prospective study

BackgroundPlacenta accreta spectrum is a life-threatening condition that has increased dramatically in recent decades along with cesarean rates worldwide. Cesarean hysterectomy is widely practiced in women with placenta accreta spectrum; however, the maternal outcomes after cesarean hysterectomy have not been thoroughly compared with the maternal outcomes after alternative approaches, such as conservative management.ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the severe maternal outcomes between women with placenta accreta spectrum treated with cesarean hysterectomy and those treated with conservative management (leaving the placenta in situ).Study DesignFrom a source population of 520,114 deliveries in 176 hospitals (PACCRETA study), we designed an observational cohort of women with placenta accreta spectrum who had either a cesarean hysterectomy or a conservative management (the placenta left in situ) during cesarean delivery. Clinicians prospectively identified women meeting the inclusion criteria and included them at delivery. Data collection started only after the women had received information and agreed to participate in the study in the immediate postpartum period. The primary outcome was the transfusion of >4 units of packed red blood cells within 6 months after delivery. Secondary outcomes were other maternal complications within 6 months. We used propensity score weighting to account for potential indication bias.ResultsHere, 86 women had conservative management and 62 women had cesarean hysterectomy for placenta accreta spectrum during cesarean delivery. The primary outcome occurred in 14 of 86 women in the conservative management group (16.3%) and 36 of 61 (59.0%) in the cesarean hysterectomy group (risk ratio in propensity score weighted model, 0.29; 95% confidence interval, 0.19–0.45). The rates of hysterectomy, total estimated blood loss exceeding 3000 mL, any blood product transfusion, adjacent organ injury, and nonpostpartum hemorrhage-related severe maternal morbidity were lower with conservative management than with cesarean hysterectomy (all adjusted, P≤.02); but, the rates of arterial embolization, endometritis, and readmission within 6 months of discharge were higher with conservative management than with cesarean hysterectomy.ConclusionAmong women with placenta accreta spectrum who underwent cesarean delivery, conservative management was associated with a lower risk of transfusion of >4 units of packed red blood cells within 6 months than cesarean hysterectomy

Tranexamic Acid for the Prevention of Blood Loss after Cesarean Delivery

BACKGROUND: Prophylactic administration of tranexamic acid has been associated with reduced postpartum blood loss after cesarean delivery in several small trials, but evidence of its benefit in this clinical context remains inconclusive. METHODS: In a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial, we assigned women undergoing cesarean delivery before or during labor at 34 or more gestational weeks to receive an intravenously administered prophylactic uterotonic agent and either tranexamic acid (1 g) or placebo. The primary outcome was postpartum hemorrhage, defined as a calculated estimated blood loss greater than 1000 ml or receipt of a red-cell transfusion within 2 days after delivery. Secondary outcomes included gravimetrically estimated blood loss, provider-assessed clinically significant postpartum hemorrhage, use of additional uterotonic agents, and postpartum blood transfusion. RESULTS: Of the 4551 women who underwent randomization, 4431 underwent cesarean delivery, 4153 (93.7%) of whom had primary outcome data available. The primary outcome occurred in 556 of 2086 women (26.7%) in the tranexamic acid group and in 653 of 2067 (31.6%) in the placebo group (adjusted risk ratio, 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75 to 0.94; P = 0.003). There were no significant between-group differences in mean gravimetrically estimated blood loss or in the percentage of women with provider-assessed clinically significant postpartum hemorrhage, use of additional uterotonic agents, or postpartum blood transfusion. Thromboembolic events in the 3 months after delivery occurred in 0.4% of women (8 of 2049) who received tranexamic acid and in 0.1% of women (2 of 2056) who received placebo (adjusted risk ratio, 4.01; 95% CI, 0.85 to 18.92; P = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS: Among women who underwent cesarean delivery and received prophylactic uterotonic agents, tranexamic acid treatment resulted in a significantly lower incidence of calculated estimated blood loss greater than 1000 ml or red-cell transfusion by day 2 than placebo, but it did not result in a lower incidence of hemorrhage-related secondary clinical outcomes. (Funded by the French Ministry of Health; TRAAP2 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03431805.)

Tranexamic Acid for the Prevention of Blood Loss after Cesarean Among Women With Twins. A Secondary Analysis of the TRAAP2 Randomized Clinical Trial

BACKGROUND: Although prophylactic tranexamic acid administration at cesarean delivery resulted in a lower incidence of calculated estimated blood loss > 1000 mL or red-cell transfusion by day 2, its failure to reduce the incidence of hemorrhage-related secondary clinical outcomes (TRAAP2 trial) makes its use questionable. The magnitude of its effect may differ in women at higher risk of blood loss, including those with multiple pregnancies. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of tranexamic acid vs placebo to prevent blood loss at cesarean delivery among women with multiple pregnancies. STUDY DESIGN: Secondary analysis of the TRAAP2 trial data including 319 women with multiple pregnancies in this double-blind, randomized controlled trial from March 2018 through January 2020 in 27 French maternity hospitals. Women with a cesarean before or during labor at 34 or more gestational weeks were randomized to receive intravenously 1 g of tranexamic acid (n=160) or placebo (n=159), both with prophylactic uterotonics. The primary outcome was a calculated estimated blood loss > 1000 mL or a red blood cell transfusion by 2 days after delivery. Secondary outcomes included clinical and laboratory blood loss measurements. RESULTS: Of the 4551 women randomized in this trial, 319 had a multiple pregnancy and cesarean delivery, 298 (93.4%) with primary outcome data available. This outcome occurred in 62 of 147 women (42.2%) in the tranexamic acid group and 67 of 152 (44.1%) receiving placebo (adjusted risk ratio, 0.97; 95% CI 0.68-1.38; P=.86). No significant between-group differences occurred for any hemorrhage-related clinical outcomes: gravimetrically estimated blood loss, provider-assessed clinically significant hemorrhage, additional uterotonics, postpartum blood transfusion, arterial embolization, and emergency surgery (P>.05 for all comparisons). CONCLUSION: Among women with a multiple pregnancy and cesarean delivery, prophylactic tranexamic acid did not reduce the incidence of any blood loss-related outcomes

LUMINEU: a search for neutrinoless double beta decay based on ZnMoO 4 scintillating bolometers

The LUMINEU is designed to investigate the possibility to search for neutrinoless double beta decay in 100Mo by means of a large array of scintillating bolometers based on ZnMoO4 crystals enriched in 100Mo. High energy resolution and relatively fast detectors, which are able to measure both the light and the heat generated upon the interaction of a particle in a crystal, are very promising for the recognition and rejection of background events. We present the LUMINEU concepts and the experimental results achieved aboveground and underground with large-mass natural and enriched crystals. The measured energy resolution, the α/β discrimination power and the radioactive internal contamination are all within the specifications for the projected final LUMINEU sensitivity. Simulations and preliminary results confirm that the LUMINEU technology can reach zero background in the region of interest (around 3 MeV) with exposures of the order of hundreds kgXyears, setting the bases for a next generation 0v2β decay experiment capable to explore the inverted hierarchy region of the neutrino mass pattern