Growth and nutrient accumulation in three peach rootstocks until the grafting stage

Analysing growth and nutrient accumulation is generally employed for guiding the fertilisation practices in the seedling-production chain. In the production of peach rootstock, such evaluations can provide information to aid can to aid in discrimination available genotypes, especially regarding the efficient use and conversion of fertiliser into dry matter, which can reduce the time required to obtain plants suitable for grafting. The aim of this study, was to investigate the differences in growth and nutrient accumulation in three peach-rootstock cultivars. A completely randomised experimental design was used, in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme, including three peach rootstocks ('Flordaguard', 'Capdeboscq' and 'Okinawa Roxo') and four periods of growth evaluation (20, 40, 60 and 80 days after transplanting - DAT), giving a total of 12 treatments, with four replications, one for each plant. The Flordaguard and Capdeboscq cultivars showed greater height and stem diameter as well as a greater accumulation of total dry matter at 80 DAT, and both followed the distribution: leaves (67%) > roots (33%), while total dry-matter production in 'Okinawa Roxo' was less, following the order: leaves (71%) > roots (29%). The rootstock under evaluation showed variations in growth, confirmed by the physiological indices, except for the leaf area and specific leaf area. In general, macronutrient accumulation in the shoots and roots of the cultivars during each growth period was different, suggesting intrinsic differences in each of the genetic materials regarding nutrient demand for maintaining the metabolic processes which are vital to plant growth.Analysing growth and nutrient accumulation is generally employed for guiding the fertilisation practices in the seedling-production chain. In the production of peach rootstock, such evaluations can provide information to aid can to aid in discrimination available genotypes, especially regarding the efficient use and conversion of fertiliser into dry matter, which can reduce the time required to obtain plants suitable for grafting. The aim of this study, was to investigate the differences in growth and nutrient accumulation in three peach-rootstock cultivars. A completely randomised experimental design was used, in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme, including three peach rootstocks ('Flordaguard', 'Capdeboscq' and 'Okinawa Roxo') and four periods of growth evaluation (20, 40, 60 and 80 days after transplanting - DAT), giving a total of 12 treatments, with four replications, one for each plant. The Flordaguard and Capdeboscq cultivars showed greater height and stem diameter as well as a greater accumulation of total dry matter at 80 DAT, and both followed the distribution: leaves (67%) > roots (33%), while total dry-matter production in 'Okinawa Roxo' was less, following the order: leaves (71%) > roots (29%). The rootstock under evaluation showed variations in growth, confirmed by the physiological indices, except for the leaf area and specific leaf area. In general, macronutrient accumulation in the shoots and roots of the cultivars during each growth period was different, suggesting intrinsic differences in each of the genetic materials regarding nutrient demand for maintaining the metabolic processes which are vital to plant growth

Variabilidade em componentes da produção de soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill.) BRS 8381 em diferentes níveis de calagens e densidade de plantas no cerrado de Roraima, Brasil

The aim of this research was to evaluate variability among BRS 8381 soybean yield components, under different sowing densities and two amounts of limestone applications on a savanna in Roraima. The seeds were sown to provide five plant populations (10, 14, 18, 22 and 26 linear m-1), in plots with the application of 1.5 and 4.5 t ha-1 of limestone. Experimental plots consisted of four 5-meter long do 5 rows spaced 0.50 cm from each other. The experimental design was of randomized blocks in a factorial scheme with four replications. To evaluate the proposed variables, plants placed within the measurable area of each plot were collected and the following parameters were assessed: plant height, height of insertion of the first pod, stem diameter, number of nodes on the main stem, number of stems per plant, total number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod. Of the total number of plants harvested, 20 were randomly selected and evaluated individually. In addition to the aforementioned parameters, number of pods on the four upper nodes of the plant, dry mass of the plant and dry mass of grain were also evaluated. The apparent harvest index, 100-grain mass and yield estimate were also obtained. The BRS 8381 cultivar grown with 10 plants per linear meter of row presented greater plant dry mass, dry mass of grain, dry mass of hull and number of pods and twigs in both environments. The maximum grain yield was obtained with a plant distribution of 22 plants m-1 of row. The cultivar BRS 8381 is recommended with liming at 4.5 t ha-1 of dolomitic limestone under the edaphoclimatic conditions of the present study, due to its high phenotypic plasticity and higher performance in the production components.  Para citar este artículoSmiderle, J., Gianluppi, D., Gianluppi, V. & Souza, A. (2016). Variability among BRS 8381 soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill.) yield components under different liming rates and sowing densities on a savanna in Roraima, Brazil. Rev. Colomb. Investig. Agroindustriales, 3(1), 49-55. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23850/24220582.350The aim of this research was to evaluate variability among BRS 8381 soybean yield components, under different sowing densities and two amounts of limestone applications on a savanna in Roraima. The seeds were sown to provide five plant populations (10, 14, 18, 22 and 26 linear m-1), in plots with the application of 1.5 and 4.5 t ha-1 of limestone. Experimental plots consisted of four 5-meter long do 5 rows spaced 0.50 cm from each other. The experimental design was of randomized blocks in a factorial scheme with four replications. To evaluate the proposed variables, plants placed within the measurable area of each plot were collected and the following parameters were assessed: plant height, height of insertion of the first pod, stem diameter, number of nodes on the main stem, number of stems per plant, total number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod. Of the total number of plants harvested, 20 were randomly selected and evaluated individually. In addition to the aforementioned parameters, number of pods on the four upper nodes of the plant, dry mass of the plant and dry mass of grain were also evaluated. The apparent harvest index, 100-grain mass and yield estimate were also obtained. The BRS 8381 cultivar grown with 10 plants per linear meter of row presented greater plant dry mass, dry mass of grain, dry mass of hull and number of pods and twigs in both environments. The maximum grain yield was obtained with a plant distribution of 22 plants m-1 of row. The cultivar BRS 8381 is recommended with liming at 4.5 t ha-1 of dolomitic limestone under the edaphoclimatic conditions of the present study, due to its high phenotypic plasticity and higher performance in the production components. Para citar este artículoSmiderle, J., Gianluppi, D., Gianluppi, V. & Souza, A. (2016). Variability among BRS 8381 soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill.) yield components under different liming rates and sowing densities on a savanna in Roraima, Brazil. Rev. Colomb. Investig. Agroindustriales, 3(1), 49-55. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23850/24220582.350O objetivo foi avaliar a variabilidade em componentes da produção de soja BRS 8381, estabelecida em diferentes distribuições de plantas cultivadas em duas calagens de solo em cerrado de Roraima. As sementes utilizadas foram distribuídas em cinco populações de plantas (10, 14, 18, 22 e 26 m-1 linear), em parcelas com 1,5 e 4,5 t ha-1 de calcáreo. As parcelas foram constituídas por quatro linhas de cinco m de comprimento espaçadas entre si de 0,50 m. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso em esquema bifatorial, com quatro repetições. Para avaliação das variáveis propostas coletou-se as plantas distribuídas na área útil de cada parcela, sendo determinadas: altura de planta, inserção da primeira vagem, diâmetro do caule, número de nós na haste principal, número de hastes por planta, número de vagens total por planta, número de grãos por vagem. Do total de plantas colhidas, 20 foram selecionadas, ao acaso, e avaliadas individualmente quanto aos parâmetros já mencionados, além do número de vagens nos quatro últimos nós da planta, a massa seca da planta e a massa seca de grãos. Também foram obtidos o índice de colheita aparente, massa de 100 grãos e estimativa da produtividade. A cv. BRS 8183 quando cultivada com 10 plantas por metro linear de fileira apresenta maior massa seca de planta, massa seca dos grãos, massa seca da casca, número de vagens e de ramos, nos dois ambientes. Na distribuição com 22 plantas m-1 de fileira é obtida a máxima produtividade de grãos. A cultivar BRS 8381, é indicada na calagem com 4,5 t ha-1 de calcário dolomítico nas condições edafoclimáticas da presente pesquisa, devido apresentar alta plasticidade fenotípica, e maior desempenho nos componentes de produção.  Para citar este artículoSmiderle, J., Gianluppi, D., Gianluppi, V. & Souza, A. (2016). Variability among BRS 8381 soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill.) yield components under different liming rates and sowing densities on a savanna in Roraima, Brazil. Rev. Colomb. Investig. Agroindustriales, 3(1), 49-55. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23850/24220582.35

Post-harvest Management of Prunus persica Stones and the Effects on Seed and Seedling Quality

 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two forms of post-harvest management of \u27Capdeboscq\u27 peach stones (Farmer-Management and UFPel-Management) on the quality of seeds and seedlings to be used as rootstock. The experimental design was completely randomised with four replications of 50 seeds. The variables to be analysed were fresh seed weight, seed moisture content, percentage of intact and fungus-infected seeds, germination percentage, germination speed index (GSI) and seedling height up to 24 days after planting (DAP). At 24 DAP, the stem diameter, Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD index), chlorophyll index, nitrogen balance index, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, total dry weight and the Dickson quality index (DQI) were evaluated. The seeds from traditional farmer management showed a high rate of infestation by phytopathogens (36%) and only 64% of intact seeds. The seeds from the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel) management showed a rate of germination 1.63 times greater than those from the farmer management. It was concluded that proper post-harvest management of the stones, removing the pulp and treating the stones with fungicide, had a direct effect on maintaining the physiological quality of seed intended for the production of rootstock, making it possible to obtain increased vigour and higher initial seedling quality

Status nutricional e biomassa de mudas de mogno africano cultivadas com solução nutritiva na Amazônia Setentrional

The objective of this work was to determine aspects about growth variables and dry mass partition of Khaya senegalensis seedlings and the nutrient absorption rate, depending on the seasons and mineral fertilization. The experimental design used was completely randomized, in a 2x6 factorial scheme. Two levels of nutrient solution factor (without addition) and six levels of time factor (0; 60; 80; 100; 120 and 140 days). Four replications were used, each one consisting of 10 seedlings. To evaluate the quality of the seedlings, morphological parameters, relationships and quality indexes were considered: Height (H; cm); collar diameter (CD; mm); shoot dry mass (SDM; g plant-1); dry root mass (DRM; g plant-1); total dry mass (TDM = SDW + RDW; g plant-1); shoot dry mass and root dry mass ratio (SDM/DRM); robustness index (RI = H / DC; cm mm-1); the Dickson quality index (DQI) and the accumulation of macronutrients in the shoots and root system. It is recommended to add solution for seedlings of Khaya senegalensis from 100 days after transplanting in the selected nursery in the Amazon. The maintenance of Khaya senegalensis seedlings with the use of the nutrient solution provides the best conditions for the use of macronutrients and obtaining suitable seedlings for the field in 140 days after transplanting in the selected nursery in Roraima.O objetivo neste trabalho foi determinar aspectos sobre variáveis de crescimento e partição de massa seca das mudas de Khaya senegalensis, bem como a marcha de absorção de nutrientes, em função das épocas e adubação mineral. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 6. Dois níveis do fator solução nutritiva (sem e com adição) e seis níveis para o fator período (0; 60; 80; 100; 120 e 140 dias). Foram utilizadas 4 repetições, sendo cada uma delas composta de 10 mudas. Para avaliação da qualidade das mudas, consideraram-se os parâmetros morfológicos, relações e índices de qualidade: altura da parte aérea (H; cm); diâmetro do coleto (DC; mm); massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA; g planta-1); massa seca da raiz (MSR; g planta-1); massa seca total (MST = MSPA + MSR; g planta-1); relação massa seca da parte aérea e massa seca da raiz (MSPA/MSR); índice de robustez (IR= H/DC; cm mm-1); e índice de qualidade de Dickson (IQD) e o acúmulo de macronutrientes na parte aérea e sistemaradicular. A adição de solução é recomendada para mudas de Khaya senegalensis a partir da época 100 dias após o transplantio em viveiro de telado na Amazônia setentrional. A manutenção das mudas de Khaya senegalensis com uso de solução nutritiva proporciona as melhores condições para o aproveitamento dos macronutrientes e permite obter mudas aptas para campo em 140 dias após o transplantio em viveiro de telado em Roraima

MEIOS DE CULTURA E REGULADORES DE CRESCIMENTO NA MULTIPLICAÇÃO IN VITRO DE AMOREIRA-PRETA

The micropropagation of blackberry can generate virus-plants free and in a short space of time. Aiming to improve in vitro propagation techniques of blackberry, were tested different culture media and 6-belzilaminopurin (BAP) concentrations and indolbutiric acid (IBA). The first experiment consisted cv. ‘Brazos' inoculated in 3 different culture medium, combined with five BAP concentrations. As the second experiment consisted cv. Tupy inoculated in 4 culture medium, combined with five IBA concentrations. The pH of culture medium was adjusted for 5.8 before the addition of 6 g cm-3 agar and the sterilization  of    121 ºC and 1 atm for 20 min. After the inoculation, the explants had been kept per 70 days, in a growth room with 25 ± 1 ºC, irradiance of 35 mmol m-2 s-1 and photoperiod of 16 h. The experiments entirely casualizated, using three explants per repetition and 12 buds per treatment. There were verified bigger number of ‘Brazos’ buds in culture medium MS. Length and number of roots of cv. Brazos had been stimulated in culture medium Roubelakis and MS added 0,5 mg dm-3 of BAP. The formation of radicular system of this cv. was observed of buds in all culture medium studied, however better resulted of cv Tupy, was observed on the absence of IBA for the culture medium Knudson, NN and MS.A micropropagação da amoreira-preta pode gerar plantas livres de vírus e em curto espaço de tempo. Com o objetivo de aprimorar técnicas de propagação in vitro de amoreira-preta, testaram-se diferentes meios de cultivo e concentrações de 6-belzilaminopurina (BAP) e ácido indolbutírico (AIB). O primeiro experimento constou da cv. Brazos inoculada em 3 diferentes meios, combinados com cinco concentrações de BAP. O segundo experimento constou da cv. Tupy inoculada em 4 meios de cultivo, combinados com cinco concentrações de AIB. O pH do meio foi ajustado para 5,8 antes da adição de 6 g cm-3 de ágar e da autoclavagem a 121 °C e 1 atm por 20 min. Após a inoculação, os explantes foram mantidos por 70 dias, em sala de crescimento a 25 ± 1 °C, irradiância de 35 mmol m–2 s–1 e fotoperíodo de 16 h. Os experimentos foram inteiramente casualisados, utilizando-se três explantes por repetição e 12 brotações por tratamento. Verificou-se maior número de brotos da cv. Brazos em meio de cultura MS. Comprimento e número de raízes dessa mesma cultivar foram estimulados em meio Roubelakis e MS adicionados de 0,5 mg dm-3 de BAP. Foi observada a formação do sistema radicular das brotações em todos os meios empregados, porém melhores resultados de ‘Tupy’, na ausência de AIB deu-se nos meios Knudson, NN e MS

ELEMENTOS DO CENÁRIO SÓCIO-POLITICO E A IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DAS LICENCIATURAS INTERDISCIPLINARES

This paper presents a theoretical reflection on the initial training courses for teachers in higher education that has emerged on the national scene, the Interdisciplinary Undergraduate. The goal is to point out some conditions that produced the formulation and implementation of Interdisciplinary Undergraduate on the national scene, explaining these processes. It is not intended to discuss the concept of interdisciplinarity or even the design of training by this course. In this work the question arises: Why were proposals Undergraduate Interdisciplinary? To that arise? What are the foundations that support its implementation? It is concluded in this study that the implementation of the Interdisciplinary Undergraduate guided by economic, political and social determinants.O presente artigo apresenta uma reflexão teórica sobre os cursos de formação de inicial de professores em nível superior que tem despontado no cenário nacional, as Licenciaturas Interdisciplinares.  O objetivo é apontar algumas condições que produziram a formulação e a implementação das Licenciaturas Interdisciplinares no cenário nacional, explicando esses processos. Não é intenção discutir o conceito de interdisciplinaridade ou mesmo a concepção de formação apresentada por esse curso. No presente trabalho interessa saber: Por que foram propostas as Licenciaturas Interdisciplinares? Para que surgem? Quais os fundamentos que sustentam sua implementação? Conclui-se neste estudo que a implementação das Licenciaturas Interdisciplinares pauta-se por determinantes econômicos e político-sociais.

COMO ESTÁ CARACTERIZADA ATUALMENTE A PESQUISA SOBRE A FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES NO BRASIL?

COMO ESTÁ CARACTERIZADA ATUALMENTE A PESQUISA SOBRE A FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES NO BRASIL

COMO ESTÁ CARACTERIZADA ATUALMENTE A PESQUISA SOBRE A FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES NO BRASIL?

COMO ESTÁ CARACTERIZADA ATUALMENTE A PESQUISA SOBRE A FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES NO BRASIL

RESPONDER POR EXCLUSÃO A PARTIR DE UMA LINHA DE BASE DE DISCRIMINAÇÕES CONDICIONAIS VISUAIS

This study investigated responding by “exclusion”, a robust behavioural process demonstrated by the selection of an undefined comparison stimulus, when the sample is also an undefined stimulus, without any previous history that could establish the comparison as a discriminative stimulus for the selection response. “Exclusion” has been extensively replicated after the establishment of a baseline of auditory-visual discriminations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the emergence of exclusion using a baseline of visual-visual discriminations only. Two experiments used the same experimental arrangements used in previous studies, substituting the visual for the auditory stimuli, in which the baseline for the exclusion probes involved each sample related to many comparisons (Experiment I) and many samples related to each comparison (Experiment II). Nine children aged four to five years-old were exposed to the following experimental sequence: (a) establishment of a baseline of conditional discriminations with visual stimuli; (b) exclusion probes; (c) teaching new inter-related discriminations; (d) additional exclusion probes; and (e) probes of equivalence class formation. All children learned the conditional discriminations and showed positive results on exclusion probes and equivalence probes. These results extend previous findings on exclusion responding, demonstrating that it is not dependent on the auditory modality of the sample stimuli and the results strengthen the notion that this emergent behavior may derive from the same basic process involved in the formation of equivalence classes.Key-words: matching by exclusion, emergent behavior, conditional discrimination, stimulus control topography,selection, rejectionEste trabalho investigou o responder de escolha por “exclusão”, fenômeno comportamental robusto, demonstrado experimentalmente pela seleção imediata de um estímulo de comparação indefinido, diante de um estímulo modelo também indefinido experimentalmente, sem uma história prévia que torne o estímulo de comparação discriminativo para a resposta de seleção. A exclusão tem sido extensamente replicada com uma preparação experimental de linha de base de discriminações condicionais auditivo-visuais. O presente estudo investigou a ocorrência da exclusão quando apenas estímulos visuais são utilizados como modelos e comparações. Dois experimentos empregaram os mesmos arranjos experimentais dos estudos prévios, substituindo os modelos auditivos pelos visuais, com a linha de base para os testes de exclusão envolvendo um mesmo modelo relacionado a vários estímulos de comparação (Experimento I) ou vários modelos relacionados a um mesmo estímulo de comparação (Experimento II). Nove crianças de 4 a 5 anos foram expostas à seguinte seqüência experimental: (a) estabelecimento de uma linha de base de discriminações condicionais visuais um para um; (b) testes de exclusão; (c) ampliação da linha de base pelo ensino de discriminações condicionais inter-relacionadas; (d) novos testes de exclusão; e (e) testes de formação de classes de estímulos. Todos os participantes adquiriram as discriminações condicionais e apresentaram o responder por exclusão e a formação de classes de equivalência. Esses resultados estendem as descobertas sobre a escolha por exclusão, demonstrando que não é dependente do envolvimento da modalidade auditiva, e fortalecem a noção de que esse comportamento emergente tem origem nos mesmos processos básicos envolvidos na formação de classes de equivalência. Palavras-chave: exclusão, comportamento emergente, discriminação condicional, topografia de controle de estímulos, controle por seleção, controle por rejeiçã

Reação de genótipos de feijoeiro a Pratylenchus brachyurus

O nematoide das lesões radiculares, Pratylenchus brachyurus, tem causado danos elevados em diversas culturas de importância econômica, entre elas, o feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Quando presente na área de cultivo, em altas infestações, este nematoide pode comprometer em média 50% da produtividade. O uso de cultivares resistentes, sempre que disponível, tem sido o método mais eficiente de manejo de fitonematoides. O presente estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a reação dos genótipos de feijoeiro PR-11-6-4-1-2, Pr-11-6-4-1-2, C-4-8-1-1, C-2-1-6-1-1, IAC-DIPLOMATA, IAC-ALVORADA e IAC-UNA a P. brachyurus. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com dez repetições, sendo cada parcela constituída de uma planta por vaso. As plantas foram inoculadas individualmente com 150 espécimes de P. brachyurus/planta e após 60 dias as variáveis, população final (Pf), fator de reprodução (FR) e nematoides por grama de raiz (Nem/g) foram determinadas. O genótipo PR11-6-4-1-2 mostrou-se resistente ao parasitismo de P. brachyurus, com FR= 0,68. Os demais genótipos estudados comportaram-se como suscetíveis ao nematoide das lesões radiculares, com FR variando entre 1,25 e 2,29