Shelf Life of Artocarpus lowii King’s Seeds And Its Viability

Artocarpus lowii King is a species of Moraceae family members. This species is widely utilized by people as food, medicine, and timber. A. lowii is propagated by seed. A. lowii seeds belong to the recalcitrant seeds, which have a short shelf life. Therefore, it is necessary to find the right storage method for storing A. lowii seeds, in order that A. lowii seed has longer shelf life. The purpose of this study was to determine the viability A. lowii with storage time treatments and find the efficient storage method. A. lowii seeds were stored by covering the seeds with mosses in a jar. It was taken 40 seeds every week for viability test. The 30 seeds have planted in the sand media and 10 seeds for grain moisture content calculations. Results of this study were water content of A. lowii seed on 0  wk to 7 wk increased, and the viability of A. lowii seeds have still high enough to 9 wk around               60 %. Therefore, seed storage methods using mosses can be used as an alternative to extend the shelf life of A. lowii seed. Keywords: Artocarpus lowii King; recalcitrant seed; storage medi

UPAYA MENINGKATKAN RESEARCH SKILL SISWA MELALUI CITIZEN SCIENCE PROJECT PADA PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI SMA

Citizen science project merupakan inovasi dalam kegiatan pembelajaran berbasis masalah yang merangsang siswa untuk tertarik melakukan penelitian ilmiah. Keterampilan siswa dalam suatu penelitian ilmiah menjadi tuntutan yang harus dipenuhi oleh siswa. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis peningkatan Research Skill siswa melalui Citizen Science Project pada Pembelajaran Biologi SMA. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Pre-Experiment dengan desain single-group pre-test & post-test dan subjek penelitian siswa kelas X MIPA berjumlah 32 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar tes research skill siswa, rubrik penilaian research skill dari lembar kerja siswa, lembar observasi, pedoman wawancara, dan rubrik pencapaian research skill siswa. Research skill siswa sebelum menunjukan rata-rata 63,4 dengan standar deviasi ±13,3 dan research skill siswa setelah menunjukan rata-rata 83,8 dengan standar deviasi ±9,42. Adapun proporsi kategori N-Gain research skill siswa bervariasi, 6,2% untuk kategori rendah, 71,9% untuk kategori sedang, dan 21,9% untuk kategori tinggi. Peningkatan indikator research skill tertinggi yaitu questioning, sedangkan terendah adalah planning. Adapun pada saat pelaksanaan citizen science project diketahui bahwa research skill saat merancang menunjukan hasil yang cukup baik. Adapula data hasil monitoring keterlaksanaan proyek menunjukkan bahwa secara umum siswa sudah mampu melaksanakan citizen science project hingga selesai. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa citizen science project berkontribusi positif terhadap research skill siswa pada materi upaya pelestarian keanekaragaman tumbuhan dan pemanfaatannya dalam kehidupan. Kata kunci: Research Skill, Citizen Science Project, Pembelajaran Biologi Citizen science project is an innovation in problem-based learning activities that stimulate students to be interested in doing scientific research. Students’ skill in scientific research are demands that must be met by students. Therfore, this study was conducted to analyze the improvement of students' research skills through citizen science project in Biology learning for high school. The method used in this research is Pre-Experiment with a single-group pre-test & post-test design and the research subject were 32 students of class X MIPA. The instruments that used were student research skills test sheets, rubrics for assessing research skills from student worksheets, observation sheets, interviews, and rubrics for assessing student research skills. The research skills of the students before showed an average of 63.4 with a standard deviation of ±13.3 and the research skills of the students after showed an average of 83.8 with a standard deviation of ±9.42. The proportion of students’ N-Gain research skill category varies, 6.2% for the low category, 71.9% for the medium category, and 21.9% for the high category. The highest increase in the research skill indicator is questioning, while the lowest is planning. Meanwhile, during the implementation of the citizen science project, it was known that the research skill when designing showed good results. There are also data from the monitoring results of project implementation showing that in general they have been able to carry out citizen science projects to completion. It can be said that the citizen science project contributes positively to students’ research skill on the subject of preserving plant diversity and its use in life. Keyword: Research Skill, Citizen Science Project, Biology Learnin

Essential Oils Composition of Kaffir Lime (Citrus hystrix DC.) Collection of Bogor Botanic Gardens from Central Java and East Sumba

The Bogor Botanical Gardens' Citrus hystrix collections from East Sumba and Central Java differ in morphology and fruit aroma compared to the common C. hystrix. Hence, this study aimed to determine the essential oils' compositions of C. hystrix originated from Central Java and East Sumba to further clarify these differences. Extraction of essential oils were done using hydro-distillation, and the chemical compositions were investigated using GC-MS. The main compound of the leaf oil from East Sumba and Central Java was Linalool and Citronellal, respectively. Meanwhile, the main constituents were almost identical for the fruit oils, namely L-β-Pinene, D-Limonene, and L-α-Terpineol.

Respon Pertumbuhan dan Pembungaan Bunga Lisptik ‘Soedjana Kasan’ terhadap Aplikasi GA3, Etefon, dan Paklobutrazol

Aeschynanthus ‘Soedjana Kasan’ atau bunga lipstik ‘Soeka’ adalah varietas baru hasil persilangan antara dua spesies bunga lipstik yaitu Aeschynanthus radicans Jack. dan Aeschynanthus tricolor Hook. Tanaman ini memiliki kelemahan yaitu berbunga setahun sekali dan bunganya cepat rontok. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh berbagai konsentrasi giberelin (GA3), etefon, dan paklobutrazol terhadap pertumbuhan dan pembungaan bunga lipstik ‘Soeka’. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan sembilan perlakuan, yaitu GA3 50 ppm, GA3 100 ppm, GA3 150 ppm, etefon 50 ppm, etefon 100 ppm, paklobutrazol 50 ppm, paklobutrazol 100 ppm, dan paklobutrazol 150 ppm yang diaplikasikan pada tanaman berumur 4 minggu serta tanpa perlakuan ZPT sebagai kontrol. Setiap perlakuan diulang 5 kali sehingga terdapat 45 satuan percobaan. Masing-masing satuan percobaan terdiri dari satu pot berisi lima stek tanaman. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pertambahan jumlah cabang terbanyak didapatkan pada tanaman dengan aplikasi GA3 150 ppm, sedangkan untuk pertambahan jumlah daun dan panjang cabang, aplikasi ZPT tidak berpengaruh nyata. Ruas batang bunga lipstik memendek dengan aplikasi etefon dan memanjang dengan aplikasi GA3 dan paklobutrazol. Waktu inisiasi tercepat adalah aplikasi etefon 50 dan 100 ppm yaitu 1 sampai 2 minggu setelah aplikasi. Aplikasi paklobutrazol 100 ppm menghasilkan jumlah bunga terbanyak dan bunga yang dihasilkan dapat bertahan hingga menjadi buah. Kata kunci: Aeschynanthus, pembungaan, pertumbuhan, tanaman hias, zat pengatur tumbuhAeschynanthus ‘Soedjana Kasan’ or ‘Soeka’ lipstick flower is a new inter-specific hybrid variety derived from Aeschynanthus radicans Jack. and Aeschynanthus tricolor Hook. This variety generally blooms once a year and the flowers are easily abscised. The aim of this research was to study the effects of different concentrations of plant growth regulator (PGR) (GA3, ethephon, and paclobutrazol) on plant growth and flowering of ‘Soeka’ lipstick flower. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with nine treatments, consisted of spraying application of GA3 at 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 150 ppm, ethepon at 50 ppm, 100 ppm, and paclobutrazol at 50 ppm, 100 ppm, and 150 ppm. Plants without PGR application were used as control. Each treatment was replicated five times, each of which consisted of one pot containing 5 stem cuttings. The results showed that the highest number of branch increments were obtained by plants sprayed with 150 ppm GA3. All PGR treatments had no significant effect on the total number of leaves and branch length. Application of ethephon resulted in shorter internodes, whereas GA3 or paclobutrazol applications resulted in longer internodes. The fastest flower initiation was obtained in 1 to 2 weeks after ethephon application at 50 and 100 ppm. The highest number of flowers were obtained on plants sprayed with 100 ppm paclobutrazol. In contrast to the abscised flowers induced by other PGR, those induced by paclobutrazol were successfully developed into fruits. Keywords: Aeschynanthus, flowering, growth, ornamental plant, plant growth regulato

Growth of Kaffir Lime (Citrus hystrix DC) Cell Line Derived from Seed Explant After Yeast Elicitation Using Pure and Technical Grade Yeast

The addition of elicitors in kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC.) culture is one of  strategies for obtaining and increasing the production of secondary metabolites.  Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the elicitors that can be used to increase secondary metabolites such as terpenoids. However, in its use, the pure cultures of S. cerevisiae are expensive. Therefore, the first objective of this study was to analyze the ability of technical grade (commercial baker’s yeast) to be used as an elicitor and measure the growth of kaffir lime cell line after being elicited by pure and technical grade (commercial baker’s yeast). The second objective is to determine the best time to subculture kaffir lime cell line after elicitation. We observed the morphology and measured the growth curve of pure and technical grade yeast until the 4th subculture generation. Furthermore, we used both grades of yeast for elicitation. Kaffir lime cell suspension was treated with 10 ppm pure grade or 5 ppm and 10 ppm technical grade yeast for 4 days. After elicitation, kaffir lime cell lines were subcultured and their growth was analyzed. The result showed that the morphology and growth curve of technical grade until 4th subculture generations was similar to the pure grade. On the other hand, after elicitation using pure and technical grade yeast and being subcultured, the growth of the elicitated kaffir lime cell line had the same pattern as the control group, but the cell density of the control group was higher than the elicitated group. The initial stationary phase of kaffir lime cell line was on the 17th day which is the best time to subculture. The subculturing process is important to maintain the viability of the kaffir lime cell line.

Metabolite Profile and Antibacterial Potential of Leaf And Stem Extract Castanopsis tungurrut (Blume) A.DC. against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Giving antibiotics or antibacterial drugs is one of the therapeutic strategies used to overcome the problem of infectious diseases caused by microorganisms. The emergence of bacteria that are resistant to various types of antibacterials can delay the recovery period from infectious disorders and cause treatment with antibiotics to become ineffective to use. For this reason, research to find new alternative antibacterial drugs from natural materials needs to be carried out. This study aims to determine the potential of Castanopsis tungurrut leaf and stem extracts as natural antibacterials against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The research method was extraction of samples by maceration with ethanol, ethyl acetate and aquadest. Antibacterial test with Kirby-Bauer method or disc diffusion. Identification of secondary metabolite compounds by TLC method and continued with metabolite profiling by spectrophotometric method. The results showed the highest antibacterial activity was found in 70% ethanol extract of stem at a concentration of 400 mg/mL with an inhibition zone diameter of 9.06 mm. The 70% ethanol leaf extract was detected to contain phenolics and flavonoids and the ethyl acetate leaf extract was detected to contain triterpenoid and phenolic compounds evaluated by TLC. The metabolite profile showed that ethyl acetate extract had maximum absorbance at 400-600 nm. The 70% ethanol extract has maximum absorbance at 270-350 nm. The distilled water extract had maximum absorbance at 205-250 nm

Decay Tree Detection in Bogor Botanic Gardens Collection Using Sonic Tomograph Technology

Bogor Botanic Gardens is an ex-situ plant conservation area in Indonesia. Since BBG is 103 years old, many collections are 100 years old or older. These antique collections may sustain damage, such as broken or collapsing, endangering visitors and employees. As a result, monitoring tree health at BBG is a critical task. According to the tree health monitoring data, 73 of 244 trees were further checked using the PiCUS Sonic Tomograph. Trees from the Fabaceae (31%) and Myrtaceae (10%) families were the most frequently checked. Walnuts trees from the Burseraceae family had the most specimens (47,94%). The PST effectively provides an immediate picture of the stem condition by calculating solid and decaying wood percentage values

Decay Tree Detection in Bogor Botanic Gardens Collection Using Sonic Tomograph Technology

Bogor Botanic Gardens is an ex-situ plant conservation area in Indonesia. Since BBG is 103 years old, many collections are 100 years old or older. These antique collections may sustain damage, such as broken or collapsing, endangering visitors and employees. As a result, monitoring tree health at BBG is a critical task. According to the tree health monitoring data, 73 of 244 trees were further checked using the PiCUS Sonic Tomograph. Trees from the Fabaceae (31%) and Myrtaceae (10%) families were the most frequently checked. Walnuts trees from the Burseraceae family had the most specimens (47,94%). The PST effectively provides an immediate picture of the stem condition by calculating solid and decaying wood percentage values