Colonização por ESKAPES e características clínicas de pacientes críticos

Objective: To identify colonization by ESKAPES and clinical characteristics of patients admitted in Adult Intensive Care Unit of a mixed hospital in Paraná.Method: Field research, descriptive, documentary and experimental quantitative approach, developed in adult Intensive Care Unit of a mixed hospital in Southwest Paraná, Brazil. The study population consisted of patients with admission from 48 hours in the Intensive Care Unit, from April to August 2018 and April to August 2019. The sample has 102 individuals. For the collection of clinical data, a checklist was used and for microbiological analysis the sample was collected from nasal and oral cavities and tracheal secretion. The analysis of clinical data occurred through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software. Descriptive frequency and chi-square test, considering significant p <0,05.Results: A total of 102 patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit during the period studied were evaluated. On these ones, 57 (55,8%) were colonized by pathogenic microorganisms. Regarding the colonization of microorganisms, there was predominance of Staphylococcus aureus (61,4%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (40,4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (26,3%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (21,1%). It is noteworthy that Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus were present in the three regions evaluated.Conclusion: The study identified the presence of colonization in critically ill patients studied, being this colonization, mostly, resistant bacteria belonging to the ESKAPE groupObjetivo: Identificar la colonización por ESKAPES y las características clínicas de los pacientes hospitalizados en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos para Adultos de un hospital mixto en Paraná.Método: Investigación de campo, descriptiva, documental y experimental con enfoque cuantitativo, desarollada en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos adultos de un hospital mixto en el suroeste de Paraná, Brasil. La población del estudio consistió en pacientes con ingreso de 48 horas en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, de abril a agosto de 2018 y de abril a agosto de 2019. La muestra totalizó 102 individuos. Para la recopilación de datos clínicos, se utilizó un Checklist y para el análisis microbiológico se recogieron muestras de las cavidades nasales y orales y la secreción traqueal. El análisis de los datos clínicos se produjo a través del software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Se realizaron pruebas de frecuencia y chi-cuadrado, teniendo en cuenta la p<0,05 significativa.Resultados: Se evaluaron un total de 102 pacientes ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos durante el período estudiado. De ellos, 57 (55,8%) fueron colonizados por microorganismos patógenos. En cuanto a la colonización por microorganismos, predominan Staphylococcus aureus (61,4%), seguido de Klebsiella pneumoniae (40,4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (26,3%) y Staphylococcus epidermidis (21,1%). Cabe destacar que Klebsiella pneumoniae y Staphylococcus aureus estuvieron presentes en las tres regiones evaluadas.Conclusión: El estudio identificó la presencia de colonización en pacientes en estado crítico estudiados, siendo esta colonización, en su mayoría, por bacterias resistentes pertenecientes al grupo ESKAPE.Objetivo: Identificar a colonização por ESKAPES e características clínicas de pacientes internados em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Adulto de um hospital misto do Paraná.Método: Pesquisa de campo, descritiva, documental e experimental com abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvida em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva adulto de um hospital misto do Sudoeste do Paraná, Brasil. A população do estudo constituiu-se pelos pacientes com admissão a partir de 48 horas na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, no período de abril a agosto de 2018 e de abril a agosto de 2019. A amostra totalizou 102 indivíduos. Para a coleta de dados clínicos foi utilizado um Checklist e para a análise microbiológica foram coletadas amostras das cavidades nasal e oral e secreção traqueal. A análise dos dados ocorreu por meio do software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Realizou-se frequência descritiva e teste de qui-quadrado, considerando significativo p <0,05.Resultados: Foram avaliados 102 pacientes admitidos na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva durante o período pesquisado. Destes, 57 (55,8%) estavam colonizados por microrganismos patogênicos. Em relação à colonização de microrganismos, houve predominância de Staphylococcus aureus (61,4%), seguido por Klebsiella pneumoniae (40,4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (26,3%) e Staphylococcus epidermidis (21,1%). Vale ressaltar que, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Staphylococcus aureus estiveram presentes nas três regiões avaliadas.Conclusão: O estudo identificou a presença de colonização nos pacientes criticamente enfermos pesquisados, sendo essa colonização, em sua maioria, por bactérias resistentes pertencentes ao grupo ESKAPE

Simulating land use changes, sediment yields, and pesticide use in the Upper Paraguay River Basin: Implications for conservation of the Pantanal wetland

As a consequence of accelerated and excessive use of pesticides in tropical regions, wilderness areas are under threat; this includes the Pantanal wetlands in the Upper Paraguay River Basin (UPRB). Using a Land Cover Land Use Change (LCLUC) modelling approach, we estimated the expected pesticide load in the Pantanal and the surrounding highlands region for 2050 under three potential scenarios: i) business as usual (BAU), ii) acceleration of anthropogenic changes (ACC), and iii) use of buffer zones around protected areas (BPA). The quantity of pesticides used in the UPRB is predicted to vary depending on the scenario, from an overall increase by as much as 7.4% in the UPRB in the BAU scenario (increasing by 38.5% in the floodplain and 6.6% in the highlands), to an increase of 11.2% in the UPRB (over current use) under the AAC scenario (increasing by 53.8% in the floodplain and 7.5% in the highlands). Much higher usage of pesticides is predicted in sub-basins with greater agricultural areas within major hydrographic basins. Changing the current trajectory of land management in the UPRB is a complex challenge. It will require a substantial shift from current practices, and will involve the implementation of a number of strategies, ranging from the development of new technologies to achieve changes in land use policies, to increasing dialogue between farmers, ranchers, the scientific community, and local or traditional communities through participatory learning processes and outreach

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved