SABERES NECESSÁRIOS À FORMAÇÃO INICIAL E CONTINUADA DE PROFESSORES: OS SABERES PROFISSIONAIS DOCENTES E A FORMAÇÃO ACADÊMICA

Este artigo apresenta, de forma sintética, algumas conclusões da investigação realizada junto às alunas concluintes de um curso de formação de professores, sobre a contribuição da formação inicial acadêmica na construção da profissionalização e dos saberes docentes. Esta investigação constituiu-se no trabalho de Mestrado defendido junto à Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, concluído em 2002. Para realizar esse estudo, elegi como referencial de análise os conceitos de Profissão e Semiprofissão abordados, principalmente, a partir de Enguita (1990; 1991) e o conceito de Saberes Profissionais Docente, trabalhado por Tardif (1991; 1996; 2002). A partir do estudo pude concluir, então, que a formação inicial das professoras contribuiu na elaboração de alguns saberes e na construção inicial de uma identidade profissional, destacando a importância das experiências práticas, de exercício da atividade docente ou de observação da mesma, bem como a dificuldade do conjunto do curso em reconhecer e valorizar as trajetórias dos seus alunos e suas diferentes vivências. Por fim, aponto algumas reflexões necessárias à qualificação dos cursos de formação de professores, no sentido do reconhecimento das diferentes dimensões da profissionalidade docente. Palavras-chave: Formação de professores. Saberes docentes. Profissionalização docente. Trabalho docente

Maximal lactate steady state in swimming tethered

This study investigated whether aerobic capacity (AC) in tethered swimming corresponds to maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) and its correlation with 30 min (V30) and 400m (V400) free swimming velocity. Twenty-five swimmers were submitted to an incremental tethered swimming test (ITS) with each stage lasting 3 minutes, initial load 20N, with 10N increments and a 30s interval to collect blood samples and lactatemia ([La-]). The abrupt increase in [La-] against force (F) corresponded to AC (ACBI). The points obtained for [La-] against force (N) were adjusted with an exponential curve model to determine AC corresponding to 3.5mmol.l-1 (AC3.5) and 4.0mmol.l-1 (AC4.0). Later swimmers performed maximum exercise for 30 minutes (V30) and 400m (V400) in free swimming. After one week, nine swimmers performed three random 30 minute tethered swimming exercises with 90%, 100%, and 110% intensity ACBI MLSS. Comparisons between ACs (AC3.5, AC4.0, and ACBI) were made by the one-way Anova test. Pearson correlation was used for possible correlations between ACs and between ACs and V30 and V400 (p0.91) and V400 (r\u3e0.63). We can conclude that ACBI corresponds to MLSS and both individually determined. AC and from the fixed lactate concentrations (3.5 and 4mM) can be used to predict mean 30 minute and 400m free swimming velocity

Critical exponents from parallel plate geometries subject to periodic and antiperiodic boundary conditions

We introduce a renormalized 1PI vertex part scalar field theory setting in momentum space to computing the critical exponents $\nu$ and $\eta$, at least at two-loop order, for a layered parallel plate geometry separated by a distance L, with periodic as well as antiperiodic boundary conditions on the plates. We utilize massive and massless fields in order to extract the exponents in independent ultraviolet and infrared scaling analysis, respectively, which are required in a complete description of the scaling regions for finite size systems. We prove that fixed points and other critical amounts either in the ultraviolet or in the infrared regime dependent on the plates boundary condition are a general feature of normalization conditions. We introduce a new description of typical crossover regimes occurring in finite size systems. Avoiding these crossovers, the three regions of finite size scaling present for each of these boundary conditions are shown to be indistinguishable in the results of the exponents in periodic and antiperiodic conditions, which coincide with those from the (bulk) infinite system.Comment: Modified introduction and some references; new crossover regimes discussion improved; Appendixes expanded. 48 pages, no figure

Epidemiology, biochemistry and evolution of Trypanosoma cruzi lineages based on ribosomal RNA sequences

Universidade de São PauloInstituto Oswaldo CruzUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)UNIFESPSciEL

Development and validation of attitudes measurement scales: fundamental and practical aspects

Purpose – This paper aims to present the fundamental aspects for the development and validation (D&V) of attitudes’ measurement scale, as well as its practical aspects that are not deeply explored in books and manuals. These aspects are the results of a long experience of the authors and arduous learning with errors and mistakes. Design/methodology/approach – The nature of this paper is methodological and can be very useful for an initial reading on the theme that it rests. This paper presents four D&V stages: literature review or interviews with experts; theoretical or face validation; semantic validation or validation with possible respondents; and statistical validation. Findings – This is a methodological paper, and its main finding is the usefulness for researchers. Research limitations/implications – The main implication of this paper is to support researchers on the process of D&V of measurement scales. Practical implications – Became a step-by-step guide to researchers on the D&V of measurement scales. Social implications – Support researchers on their data collection and analysis. Originality/value – This is a practical guide, with tips from seasoned scholars to help researchers on the D&V of measurement scale