Fracasso escolar

Orientadora : Ana Lorena BruelMonografia (especialização) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Educação, Curso de Especialização em Políticas EducacionaisInclui referênciasResumo : O objetivo do presente trabalho é abordar um breve estudo, através de pesquisa qualitativa, sobre as razões do Fracasso Escolar, suas causas e consequências. São vários os fatores que interferem para que os educandos venham a ter seus processos educativos frustrados, seja, não aprendizagem, reprovação e abandono ou evasão escolar. Estes fatos ocorrem basicamente no interior dos estabelecimentos mas são proporcionados também por fatores externos, pela sociedade como um todo, pela dificuldade de participação da família, dificuldades financeiras, motivacionais, emocionais, questões de saúde e de segurança e por falta de recursos dos quais não raro acontece por falta de vontade política do poder público. Além dos atores sociais acima relacionados, também foi concluído através da pesquisa que a participação dos estudantes também é determinante para que haja o acesso, a permanência, a apropriação do conhecimento ou o contrário disto o insucesso e o abandono escolar, quando não há por parte destes uma perspectiva de vida ou atração pelo processo da aquisição do conhecimento, decorrente de questões sociais, familiares bem como discriminação, dificuldades de suprimento de necessidades básicas humanas.Abstract : The aim of this work is to approach a brief study, through qualitative research on the reasons for failure School, its causes and consequences. There are several factors that interfere so that the students will have their frustrated educational processes, are, not learning, failure and dropout or truancy. These events primarily occur within the institutions but are also provided by external factors, by society as a whole , the difficulty of family involvement, financial difficulties, motivational, emotional, health and safety issues and lack of resources that do not rarely happens for lack of political will of the government.In addition to the stakeholders listed above, has also been completed through research that student participation is also crucial so that there is access, the permanence, the appropriation of knowledge or otherwise of this failure and school drop when there is not by such a perspective of life and attraction of knowledge acquisition process, due to social, family and discrimination, supply difficulties of basic human needs

Formação de trabalhadores para o Sistema Único de Saúde: a historicidade da proposição e criação de um Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde num Hospital Público da Região Sul. / Training workers for the Unified Health System: the historicity of the proposition and creation of a Multiprofessional Residency Program in Health in a Public Hospital in the Southern Region

Este artigo constitui parte de uma pesquisa de doutorado sobre A Formação em Serviço no Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde de um Hospital Público da Região Sul. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, orientada pelo método materialista dialético-histórico. Aborda a proposição e criação de um programa de residência multiprofissional em saúde. O texto historiciza aspectos de gestão e de concepção que inspiram as práticas de saúde e de formação em saúde materializadas na instituição estudada e as relações que, a partir dessa historicidade, provocaram a proposição e criação de uma proposta de formação na modalidade de residência multiprofissional em saúde

The use of manipulative didactic material to teach concepts related to the treatment of information for visually impaired students

Context: teaching mathematics to visually impaired students has been challenging teachers in classrooms. Thus, it is important to use manipulative resources for the teaching process. Objective: to evaluate the use of manipulative didactic material for teaching concepts related to the treatment of information for students with visual impairments. Design: applied nature and qualitative approach. Environment and participants: held at a special education school in a countryside municipality in the state of Paraná. The participants were two visually impaired students and a mathematics teacher specialized in the area. Data collection and analysis: semi-structured interview, pre-test and post-test composed of five questions elaborated based on the contents proposed by the National Curriculum Parameters - PCN, and recordings of the classes taught by the responsible teacher. The data collected were examined through the analysis of the conversation, theoretically based on Piotr Yakovlevich Galperin’s assumptions on the formation of mental action through steps. Results: revealed that the material developed for this study is a mediating tool in the process of forming mathematical concepts by the participating students, showing the importance of using differentiated resources that allow visual impaired students to access and appropriate knowledge taught at school. Conclusions: based on the appropriation of visually impaired students on how to deal with the material used in the study, we suggest to apply the material to EJA classes; inclusive classes; students with intellectual disabilities and/or disorders such as dyscalculia

CUIDADO DE ENFERMAGEM: PERCEPÇÃO DOS ENFERMEIROS ASSISTENCIAIS

Pesquisa descritiva, exploratória com abordagem qualitativa realizada em Hospital Universitário da Rede PúblicaFederal de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Teve como objetivos compreender a percepção dos enfermeiros assistenciaissobre o cuidado de enfermagem; conhecer as ações desenvolvidas pelos enfermeiros que são reconhecidas comoatividades de cuidado. Participaram oito enfermeiras da unidade de terapia intensiva pós-operatória. Utilizou-secomo instrumento de coleta de dados um questionário com perguntas abertas e análise ocorreu através da análisede conteúdo com formação de categorias temáticas e um quadro que permitiram a melhor visualização dos resultados.Evidenciou-se que embora conheçam e conceituem o cuidado de enfermagem, as enfermeiras têm dificuldadesem realizar o cuidado amplo, talvez por estarem sobrecarregadas por procedimentos técnicos realizados no ambientehospitalar

Perfil clínico e diagnósticos de enfermagem de pacientes em risco para úlcera por pressão

This cross-sectional study characterizes patients at risk of Pressure Ulcers (PUs) and identifies their corresponding Nursing Diagnoses (NDs). The sample consisted of 219 hospitalizations of adult patients at risk for developing a PU established through the Braden Scale. Data concerning the results of the application of the Braden Scale were retrospectively collected from the patients medical files and statistically analyzed. Most patients were elderly women hospitalized for an average of nine days, affected by cancer, cerebrovascular, lung, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. The most frequent NDs were Risk for infection, Self-care deficit syndrome, Bathing/hygiene self-care deficit, Impaired physical mobility, Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements, Ineffective breathing pattern, Impaired tissue integrity, Acute pain, Impaired urinary elimination, Impaired skin integrity, and Risk for impaired skin integrity. We conclude that most NDs are common in clinical nursing practice.Se trata de un estudio transversal con objetivos de caracterizar a los pacientes en riesgo de contraer úlcera por presión (UP) e identificar sus diagnósticos de enfermería (DEs). La muestra consistió de 219 hospitalizaciones de pacientes adultos en riesgo de contraer UP, determinado por la Escala de Braden. Los datos fueron recolectados retrospectivamente en registros de la Escala de Braden en ficha electrónica y, analizados estadísticamente. La mayoría de los pacientes fueron mujeres, ancianos, con tiempo de internación promedio de nueve días y portadores de enfermedades cerebrovasculares, pulmonares, cardiovasculares, metabólicas y neoplásicas. Los DEs más frecuentes fueron Riesgo de infección, Síndrome de déficit en el autocuidado, Déficit en el Autocuidado: baño/higiene, Movilidad física perjudicada; Nutrición desequilibrada: menos que las necesidades corporales, Estándar respiratorio ineficaz, Integridad tisular perjudicada, Dolor agudo, Alteración en la eliminación urinaria, Integridad de la piel perjudicada, Riesgo para perjuicio de la integridad de la piel. Se concluye que estos DEs, en la mayoría, son comunes a la práctica clínica de enfermería.Estudo transversal, cujos objetivos foram caracterizar os pacientes em risco para úlcera por pressão (UP) e identificar os seus diagnósticos de enfermagem (DEs). A amostra consistiu de 219 hospitalizações de pacientes adultos em risco para UP, determinado pela escala de Braden. Os dados foram coletados, retrospectivamente, em registros da escala de Braden e em prontuário eletrônico e, após, analisados estatisticamente. A maioria dos pacientes era de mulheres, idosos, com tempo de internação mediano de nove dias e portadores de doenças cerebrovasculares, pulmonares, cardiovasculares, metabólicas e neoplásicas. Os DEs mais frequentes foram risco para infecção, síndrome do déficit no autocuidado, déficit no autocuidado: banho/higiene, mobilidade física prejudicada, nutrição desequilibrada: menos do que as necessidades corporais, padrão respiratório ineficaz, integridade tissular prejudicada, dor aguda, alteração na eliminação urinária, integridade da pele prejudicada, risco para prejuízo da integridade da pele. Conclui-se que esses DEs, na maioria, são comuns à prática clínica de enfermagem

The use of manipulative didactic material to teach concepts related to the treatment of information for visually impaired students

Context: teaching mathematics to visually impaired students has been challenging teachers in classrooms. Thus, it is important to use manipulative resources for the teaching process. Objective: to evaluate the use of manipulative didactic material for teaching concepts related to the treatment of information for students with visual impairments. Design: applied nature and qualitative approach. Environment and participants: held at a special education school in a countryside municipality in the state of Paraná. The participants were two visually impaired students and a mathematics teacher specialized in the area. Data collection and analysis: semi-structured interview, pre-test and post-test composed of five questions elaborated based on the contents proposed by the National Curriculum Parameters - PCN, and recordings of the classes taught by the responsible teacher. The data collected were examined through the analysis of the conversation, theoretically based on Piotr Yakovlevich Galperin's assumptions on the formation of mental action through steps. Results: revealed that the material developed for this study is a mediating tool in the process of forming mathematical concepts by the participating students, showing the importance of using differentiated resources that allow visual impaired students to access and appropriate knowledge taught at school. Conclusions: based on the appropriation of visually impaired students on how to deal with the material used in the study, we suggest to apply the material to EJA classes; inclusive classes; students with intellectual disabilities and/or disorders such as dyscalculia

Essential Oils’ Potential in Breast Cancer Treatment: An Overview

Essential oils are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry for their antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal, antiparasitic, and insecticidal properties. Their anticancer activity has been increasingly explored as the natural constituents of essential oils play an important role in cancer prevention and treatment. The chemical composition of essential oils includes monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, oxygenated monoterpenes, phenolic sesquiterpenes, and others. Several mechanisms of action such as antioxidant, antimutagenic, antiproliferative, enhancement of immune functions, modulation of multidrug resistance, and synergistic mechanism of volatile constituents are responsible for their chemotherapeutic properties. This review focuses on the activity of essential oils and their chemical composition in regard to breast cancer

The Use of Plants’ Natural Products in Breast Cancer: Have We Already Found the New Anticancer Drug?

The importance of a new anticancer drug for breast cancer is well established. Natural compounds that can prevent this disease or be used as an adjuvant treatment associated with conventional drugs could be the solution for this. This chapter is an overview of agents extracted from plants with outstand results in the last six years. Green tea, berberine, thymoquinone and cannabidiol are compounds isolated from medicinal plants. These agents showed action through induction of apoptosis, down regulation of inflammation, epigenetics, hormonal modulation, among other. In vitro effect against cancer cells, in vivo experiments mainly with murine model and clinical trials reassured their efficacy against breast cancer. A protective effect against recurrence cases and chemosensitization to standard drugs was also successful. The use of nanotechnology provided a optimize delivery of these therapeutical molecules. Taken together this information led us to acknowledgement that we do probably have the natural agents for a future adjuvant treatment against breast cancer