Effectiveness of individualized counseling on the duration of exclusive breastfeeding: study protocol for a multicenter, randomized, parallel, and open clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Despite the benefits of breastfeeding, early weaning is a reality, so less than 50% of children worldwide and in Brazil are on exclusive breastfeeding in the sixth month of life. A strategy to counteract this scenario is breastfeeding counseling. This study aims to verify the effectiveness of individualized counseling by nurses trained in breastfeeding counseling, on the duration of exclusive breastfeeding, compared to standard care. METHODS: Multicenter, randomized, parallel, and open clinical trial, with primiparous women aged over 18 years, hospitalized in rooming-in wards at participating centers and hemodynamically stable, aware, and oriented, who had a single-fetus pregnancy and gave birth, regardless of the type of delivery, with live child, gestational age of 37 to 42 weeks and birth weight greater than 2500 g. The women will be initially approached in rooming-in wards and, upon consent to participate in the study, will be allocated through randomization by blocks composed of eight participants in two groups: intervention and control. The randomization lists will be organized by a central without involvement with the study, which will manage the allocation groups and be prepared in the Randon® program. Women allocated to the intervention group will receive breastfeeding counseling by trained nurses, and those in the control group will receive standard care at the center participating in the study. DISCUSSION: The results can contribute to breastfeeding by evidencing possible exclusivity and duration of the counseling trained nurses provide. TRIAL REGISTRATION: REBEC RBR-4w9v5rq (UTN: U1111-1284-3559) ( https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-4w9v5rq ). Posted on March 20, 2023

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Perfil antropométrico e consumo alimentar de adolescentes de Teixeira de Freitas - Bahia Anthropometric profile and food intake of adolescents in Teixeira de Freitas - Bahia, Brazil

OBJETIVO: Descrever o perfil antropométrico e o consumo alimentar de adolescentes das escolas públicas de um município do Estado da Bahia. MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal realizado com amostra aleatória por conglomerado de 354 alunos, dos 1.678 adolescentes de dezessete a dezenove anos matriculados nas 23 escolas elegíveis do município. Foram coletados dados sobre freqüência de consumo alimentar qualitativo e indicadores antropométricos, como o índice de massa corporal; pregas cutâneas triciptal e subescapular e o indicador altura/idade, segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde. Realizou-se análise bivariada e estratificada, sendo a significância estatística verificada pelo qui-quadrado e teste exato de Fischer, com nível crítico de 5%. RESULTADOS: A análise antropométrica evidenciou maior prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade (5,1%) no sexo feminino e de magreza no masculino (6,4%); o déficit de crescimento foi observado em 25,0% dos adolescentes, sendo 15,0% de leve a moderado e 10,0% grave. Evidenciou-se também consumo habitual de arroz, feijão, farinha de mandioca, pão francês, manteiga, margarina, açúcar e café, sendo baixo o consumo de produtos lácteos, frutas, legumes e hortaliças; 96,6% dos adolescentes realizavam mais de três refeições diárias e mais de 80,0% alimentavam-se no domicílio. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados apontam a necessidade de implementação de estratégias de prevenção dos problemas nutricionais por meio de uma alimentação e um estilo de vida saudáveis, assim como de estudos sobre os possíveis fatores comprometedores do crescimento dos adolescentes.<br>OBJECTIVE: The objective was to describe the anthropometric profile and food intake in adolescents from public schools in a municipality of Bahia, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional experimental design was employed with a random conglomerate sample of 354 adolescents, 17 to 19 years old, from a total of 1.678 students enrolled in 23 eligible schools of the municipality. Qualitative data on the frequency of food consumption and anthropometric indicators were collected. Body weight/ height index, triceps skeletal muscle and sub-scapular skinfold measurements, were carried out according to World Health Organization. Bivariate and stratified analyses were then carried out, and statistical significance at the 5% level verified using chi-square (chi2) and the exact Fischer test. RESULTS: An analysis of the anthropometric indicators showed prevalence for overweight and obesity in 5.1% of the females and prevalence for underweight in 6.4% of the males. Growth deficiency was noted in 25.0% of the adolescents; the deficiency being classified as moderate in 15.0% and severe in 10.0% of the adolescents. The usual food intake consisted of cooked rice, beans, manioc flour, wheat bread, butter, coffee and sugar. A low consumption of dairy products, fruits, vegetables and greens was observed. 96.6% of the adolescents had three meals per day, which were consumed at home by 80.0% of those interviewed. CONCLUSION: The results point to a need to implement preventive strategies for nutritional problems, recommending appropriate food intake and healthier life styles. Furthermore, possible factors inhibiting growth in the adolescents should be studied