Late seed maturation improves the preservation of seedling emergence during storage in soybean

International audienceLong-term survival during dry storage or longevity is a prerequisite to avoid deterioration, leading to loss of vigor. Longevity is routinely evaluated by the ability to germinate after storage. It increases progressively during seed maturation, after the acquisition of desiccation tolerance. However, the capacity to germinate represents only a part of the success of crop establishment. How seed maturation affects the resistance of several traits, as vigor, associated with seedling establishment, against deterioration was evaluated during seed filling and post-abscission phase of soybean BRS 284 seeds. Three new phenological stages between 7.1 and 7.2 (7.1.1, 7.1.2 and 7.1.3) were introduced to capture the rapid increase in seed longevity. Germination speed started to be affected at 7-14 days after storage depending on the stages. The delay on germination increased with maturation from 7.1.3 to dry mature seeds. The time to 50% loss of elongation capacity of both organs during storage was similar to that of loss of germination. Also, it increased steadily during seed maturation after mass maturity and harvest maturity stages, highlighting the importance of the late phase of seed maturation for building seed vigor

ENSINO COLABORATIVO: ESTRATÉGIA INCLUSIVA PARA ESTUDANTES COM DEFICIÊNCIA INTELECTUAL EM ESCOLA DE TEMPO INTEGRAL

O presente estudo buscou analisar concepções de professores e dos gestores do Centro de Educação de Tempo Integral em São João dos Patos (MA) acerca do ensino colaborativo como estratégia promotora da inclusão do estudante com Deficiência Intelectual (DI) nessa escola. Este trabalho consistiu em uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa do tipo estudo de caso. Para a coleta dos dados fizemos uso do questionário semiestruturado. Esse instrumental permitiu aos sujeitos da pesquisa escolher uma ou mais alternativas nas questões feitas a eles e/ou ainda apresentar a sua concepção acerca das questões propostas. Analisamos os resultados obtidos por meio da metodologia de análise do conteúdo com a técnica da categorização e da elaboração dos indicadores. Evidenciamos, neste estudo, que o trabalho em equipe, o diálogo, a parceria entre os profissionais da escola e a participação das famílias colaboram para práticas inclusivas de estudantes com DI na escola de tempo integral e que o ensino colaborativo se apresenta como estratégia promissora para essas práticas

O QUE SABEMOS SOBRE DUPLICAÇÕES DE TRATO GASTROINTESTINAL EM GATOS?

We constructed a scoping review of alimentary tract duplications in cats to overview its occurrence. Inclusion criteria were determined by reviewing case reports on histologically confirmed gastrointestinal duplications, including one case description of a cat diagnosed with a duodenal duplication cyst at our institution. Thirteen gastrointestinal duplication cases were analyzed, being that one animal had a bi-focal duplication, totalizing fourteen duplications. Variables considered were age, sex, breed, presenting features, anatomic location, morphology, presence of luminal communication, malignant transformation, and recurrence. About 62% (n= 8/13) of cats affected were between 4 months to 2 years old. No sex predisposition was observed and breed and presenting features were variable. Duodenal duplications corresponded to 36% (n=5/14). Cystic duplications with no lumen communication accounted for 93% (n= 13/14). One duplication was neoplastic and recurrence rate of gastrointestinal duplications amongst cats was 15% (n= 2/13). Progression to obstruction, bleeding and malignant transformation have been described in humans and cats due to gastrointestinal duplications. Considering the importance and the diagnostic challenge of this affection, we concluded that the small animal practitioner should not overlook alimentary tract duplications in the differential diagnosis of young cats with chronic vomiting and cystic intestinal masses.O presente trabalho trata-se de uma revisão de escopo de duplicações de trato gastrointestinal em gatos. Os critérios de inclusão foram determinados pela revisão de relatos de caso de duplicações gastrointestinais confirmadas por exame histopatológico, incluindo-se também neste trabalho um caso de um felino diagnosticado com duplicação cística duodenal em nossa instituição. Treze casos de duplicações gastrointestinais foram analisados, sendo que um animal possuía uma duplicação bifocal, totalizando, portanto, quatorze duplicações. As variáveis consideradas foram idade, sexo, raça, sintomatologia, localização anatômica, morfologia, presença de comunicação luminal, progressão para malignidade e recorrência. Aproximadamente 62% (n=8/13) dos gatos afetados apresentavam entre 4 meses a 2 anos de idade. Não foi observada predisposição quanto ao sexo, enquanto raça e sintomatologia variaram. Duplicações duodenais corresponderam a 36% (n=5/14). Duplicações císticas sem comunicação luminal 93% (n=13/14). Uma duplicação evoluiu para neoplasia e a recorrência de duplicações gastrointestinais entre os gatos foi de 15% (n=2/13). Evolução para obstrução, hemorragias e malignidade já foram descritas em humanos e gatos como consequência de duplicações gastrointestinais. Considerando a importância e o desafio diagnóstico desta afecção, conclui-se que o clínico veterinário de pequenos animais deve considerar as duplicações de aparelho digestivo no diagnóstico diferencial de gatos jovens com vômitos crônicos e massas císticas intestinais

O papel do estado de Minas Gerais na política pública de regularização fundiária de territórios quilombolas / The role of the state of Minas Gerais in the public policy of land regularization of quilombola territories

O presente artigo científico expõe a formação da sociedade colonial/moderna no Brasil e o modo como as comunidades negras e quilombolas foram excluídas do acesso à terra e do reconhecimento da condição de proprietárias dos territórios imprescindíveis para a sua reprodução material e cultural. A Constituição da República de 1988 assegurou às comunidades quilombolas o direito à propriedade coletiva dos seus territórios, por meio do artigo 68 do Ato das Disposições Constitucionais Transitórias (ADCT). A política de regularização fundiária dos territórios quilombolas compete à União Federal, aos Estados-Membros, ao Distrito Federal e aos Municípios. Assim, o Estado de Minas Gerais possui competência para a promoção da política de regularização fundiária dos territórios quilombolas. No caso de territórios quilombolas sobrepostos às terras devolutas pertencentes ao Estado de Minas Gerais, a regularização fundiária prescindirá do pagamento de indenizações aos proprietários dos terrenos particulares que se localizam no interior do território quilombola, diminuindo os recursos públicos necessários para a regularização fundiária dos territórios quilombolas. O projeto de extensão “A luta pelo reconhecimento dos direitos fundamentais das comunidades remanescentes de quilombo” atua, então, para identificar os territórios quilombolas sobrepostos às terras devolutas pertencentes ao Estado de Minas Gerais, de modo a garantir a titulação coletiva destes territórios e, com isso, o avanço da política de regularização fundiária de territórios quilombolas em Minas Gerais

Raça e exclusão do acesso à terra: a luta do movimento quilombola para a regularização fundiária dos territórios quilombolas

This scientific article exposes the formation of the colonial/modern society in Brazil and the way in which black and quilombola communities were excluded from access to land and recognition of the condition of owners of territories essential for their material and cultural reproduction. The Constitution of the Republic of 1988 recognized quilombola communities with the right to collective ownership of their territories, through article 68 of the Transitory Constitutional Provisions Act (ADCT). The land regularization policy of quilombola territories is, however, carried out at an extremely slow pace. The slow pace of land tenure regularization in quilombola territories undermines remedial measures for the racial discrimination suffered by black quilombola communities.O presente artigo científico expõe a formação da sociedade colonial/moderna no Brasil e o modo como as comunidades negras e quilombolas foram excluídas do acesso à terra e do reconhecimento da condição de proprietárias dos territórios imprescindíveis para a sua reprodução material e cultural. A Constituição da República de 1988 assegurou às comunidades quilombolas o direito à propriedade coletiva dos seus territórios, por meio do artigo 68 do Ato das Disposições Constitucionais Transitórias (ADCT). A política de regularização fundiária dos territórios quilombolas é, contudo, executada em ritmo extremamente lento. A lentidão da regularização fundiária dos territórios quilombolas prejudica as medidas reparatórias da discriminação racial sofrida pelas comunidades negras quilombolas

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

AimAmazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAngiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).MethodsData for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.ResultsIn the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.Main ConclusionNumerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora

Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution